Images:

Map, India, Nepal, and Sri Lanka

Plans of early chaitya halls: Lomasa Rishi, Barabar Hills; Kondivte Cave, Bombay; Bhaja Cave, Western Ghats, 260-100 BC

Plan and Cross section, chaitya hall, Karle, 2nd c. AD

Plans of early viharas: Bhaja, Nasik, Vihara 3

General view showing location of rock-cut caves, Barabar Hills, c. 260 BC

General view, Lomasa Rishi Cave, Barabar Hills, c. 260 BC

Arch detail, Entrance, Lomasa Rishi Cave, Barabar Hills, stone, c. 260 BC

2nd arch detail, Entrance, Lomasa Rishi Cave, Barabar Hills, stone, c. 260 BC

3rd arch detail, Entrance, Lomasa Rishi Cave, Barabar Hills, stone, c. 260 BC

Detail, Elephants over doorway, Lomasa Rishi Cave, Barabar Hills, stone, c. 260 BC

Interior, Entrance and right wall, Lomasa Rishi Cave, Barabar Hills, stone, c. 260 BC

Interior, “Hut”, Lomasa Rishi Cave, Barabar Hills, stone, c. 260 BC

Path towards cave complex, Bhaja, stone, c. 100 BC

Façade front view, chaitya, Bhaja, stone, c. 100 BC

Detail, Brackets and Figures, façade right top, chaitya, Bhaja, c. 100 BC

Surya, porch right wall, Vihara 19 (20?), Bhaja, stone, c. 100 BC

Indra, porch right wall, Vihara 19 (20?), Bhaja, stone, c. 150 BC

Indra and Surya, porch right wall, Vihara 19 (20?), Bhaja, stone, c. 150 BC

Cave, Entrance to chaitya hall, Bhaja, Western Ghats, c. 100 BC

Detail, Decorative motif, chaitya pillar, Bhaja, stone, c. 100 BC

Interior, Ceiling of nave, wooden ribs, chaitya, Bhaja, stone, c. 100 BC

Vihara 13, Bhaja, stone, c. 100 BC

General view, two-storied vihara, Karle, stone, c. 50-75 AD

Veranda, Rock-cut Cave, Karle, stone, c. 50-75 AD

Porch, view toward right wall, chaitya, Karle, stone, c. 50-75 AD

Rear wall, right side, view looking up, porch, chaitya, Karle, stone, c. 50-75 AD

Detail, Couple on left, panel, right of main door, porch, chaitya, Karle, stone, c. 50-75 AD

Detail, Upper part, Couple on left, panel, right of main door, porch, chaitya, Karle, stone, c. 50-75 AD

Interior view, chaitya, Karle, stone, c. 50-75 AD

Detail, Pillar capital (L-14), interior, chaitya, Karle, stone, c. 50-75 AD

"Vajrapani," rear wall right, Cave 1, Ajanta, wall painting, 462-500 AD

Detail, Head, "Vajrapani," rear wall right, Cave 1, Ajanta, wall painting, 462-500 AD

Dancing Girl and Musicians, Cave 1, Ajanta, wall painting

Dwarf, hall ceiling, Cave 1, Ajanta, wall painting, 5th c. AD

Bodhisattva, vestibule to shrine, Cave 1, Ajanta, wall painting (in situ), 462-500 AD.

Left bodhisattva: Padmapani, hall, rear wall, Cave 1, Ajanta, wall painting, 462-500 AD.

Interior of Buddha shrine with decorated walls and ceilings, Cave 2, Ajanta, stone, c. 462-500 AD

Caves 1-14, from Wahgora River Bed, Ajanta, 1st-7th c AD

Façade, View from left, Cave 19, Ajanta, stone, 462-500 AD

Interior, View to Stupa, Cave 19, Ajanta, stone, 462-500 AD