al-Idrisi's map of the
world for Roger of Sicily (1154 CE)
but notice that they viewed it "upside down"
Muqaddimah, pp. 170-230
29. The functions of the religious institution of the caliphate
- the leadership of prayer (imam)
- the office of mufti (legal interpreter), gives
fatwa
- the office of Judge (qadi)
- the police
- the position of official witness
- market supervision
- the mint
30. The title of "Commander of the Faithful",
which is characteristic of the Caliph (amir)
theocracy/theocratic (Josephus)
al-Mawardi, Institutes of Royal Authority (sultaniyya)
"amirate by seizure" (Buyid princes capture Baghdad in 945)
11th cent. Persian text: Book of Government, prepared wazir for Seljuk
sultan
31. Remarks on the words "Pope" and "patriarch" in the Christian
religion and on the word "Kohen" used by the Jews
The Fihrist (Index) of al-Nadim
32. The ranks of royal and governmental authority and the titles
that go with those ranks
- The Wazirate(office of Prime Minister). Functions
of ruler:
- defense
- correspondence and diplomacy
- tax collection and treasury
- door keeping
- the office of doorkeeper
- the Ministry of financial operations and taxation
- the Ministry of official correspondence and writing
- the epistle of `Abd al-Hamid on the ideal
secretary (203-6)
- the police
- the Admiralty
33. The different importance of the ranks of "the
sword" and "the pen" in the dynasties
34. The characteristic emblems of royal and government authority
- trumpets and banners
- the throne
- the mint
- the seal
- the tiraz (textiles
of ritual importance)
- large tents and tent walls
- the prayer enclosure (maqsurah) and the prayer during the
Friday sermon
35. Wars and the methods of waging war practiced
by the various nations
Melchites, Nestorians, and Jacobites
policy to non-Muslims: poll-tax (jizya), no military service;
protection of life, property, religious places
Questions:
- the relations between religion and politics
- avoiding essentialism by paying attention to
historical change
- "Donation of Constantine"
- "family resemblances"
- "holy war" or jihad: "ethical striving" as a
symbol invoked to describe actions for the sake of justice
- imperial doctrine of jihad as world conquest
(`Abbasid caliphate)
- defensive doctrines of jihad vs. European
invaders (19th cent.)
