فلسفة Falsafa (Greek philosophia) as a comprehensive
worldview parallel to revelation
faylasuf = philosopher/scientist
A curriculum of sciences and philosophy, supported by
two practical applications (medicine and astrology) valued by political
rulers
al-Biruni (ca. 1000)
Problematic relationship of philosophy to revelation:
Philosophy "the handmaid of theology" (Philo Judaeus, 1st cent. BCE)
Religion a symbolic non-rational version of philosophy for the masses (al-Farabi)
Unity of the philosopher-king, prophet, and caliph-imam (al-Farabi)
Participation of Christians, Muslims, Jews
(Maimonides), and Sabian pagans in Islamicate philosophy (Arabic,
Persian, Hebrew, and Judaeo-Arabic = Arabic written in Hebrew script)
Maimonides
Ibn Sina (Avicenna) in Bukhara: Canon of Medicine
Translation movements
Greek-Syriac-Arabic (Nestorian Christian translators)
Arabic-Hebrew-Latin (Sephardic Jewish translators)
Following Muhammad, pp. 119-126
Greek philosophy as a source of ethics
Arab Empire and conversion to Islam
Greek and Persian background
translation of Greek philosophy: ethics and politics
Davani (d. 1504) as an example of later philosophy, combining Aristotle with the Qur'an
selective amnesia about Muslim philosophy
Eurocentric takes on Islamic history
denial and colonial superiority
Ibn Khaldun, pp. 333-354, 371-98
Chapter 6, The various kinds of sciences, the methods of instruction,
the conditions that obtain in these connections Man's ability to think
the world of things that come into being as the result of action, materializes through thinking.
the experimental intellect and how it comes into being.
The knowledge of human beings and the knowledge of angels.
the knowledge of the prophets.
man is essentially ignorant, and becomes learned through acquiring knowledge.
Scientific instruction is a craft.
The sciences are numerous only where civilization is large and sedentary culture highly developed.
the various sciences that exist in contemporary civilization.
the sciences of Qur'an interpretation and Qur'an reading.
Jurisprudence and its subdivision,
inheritance laws.
The science of the principles of jurisprudence and its subdivisions, dialectics and controversial questions.
The science of speculative theology.
The various kinds of intellectual sciences.
The sciences concerned with numbers
calculation
algebra
business arithmetic
inheritance laws
the geometrical sciences
spherical figures, conic sections, and mechanics
surveying
optics
astronomy
The science of logic
Physics
The science of medicine
The science of agriculture
The science of metaphysics
How does Ibn Khaldun balance the intellectual sciences with traditional
(including religious) sciences?