State sovereignty consists of two elements: territorial sovereignty and personal sovereignty. The former grants the state jurisdiction over all disputes that arise on its territory. The latter grants the state jurisdiction over all acts committed by its own nationals. What does not necessarily follow from these two is jurisdiction over acts and disputes merely concerning nationals or territory of the state. Nevertheless, the International Court of Justice (ICJ) held in the SS Lotus case that a state could exercise jurisdiction over acts that affect nationals. The case arose when a French steamer hid a Turkish steamer, injuring and killing several Turkish sailors. Turkey tried the French officer on duty, who had been responsible for the crash. As the case went to the ICJ, it held that Turkish authorities could exercise jurisdiction over the crew of the French steamer responsible for the crash.
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