2. Timeline: European Political and Military Cooperation in the Post-War Period

	1947	European Defense Community (EDC) plan fails. Failure of a plan to integrate West Germany into an Atlantic Alliance.
	1948	Brussels Treaty Organization (BTO) formed. UK, France, Belgium, Netherlands and Luxembourg establish the BTO to foster joint security.
	1949	North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) formed. USA, UK, France, Belgium, Netherlands, Denmark, Norway, Italy, Luxembourg.
	1954	Western European Union (WEU) formed. West Germany and Italy join the BTO and the expanded organization is renamed the WEU.
	1962	Fouchet Plan fails. Failure of a French attempt to develop closer political and military cooperation through an intergovernmental framework.
	1970	European Political Cooperation instituted. Following the Luxembourg report of 1970 EEC members agree to make foreign policy together.
	1986	Single European Act. Formalized the status of EPC as part of the EC.
	1992	Maastricht Treaty. CFSP defined as the successor to EPC. Included the first statement of a military dimension to European foreign and security cooperation.
	1993	Eurocorps. A small European army inaugurated by President Mitterand and Chancellor Kohl
	1996	Amsterdam Treaty. Reiterates the Maastricht proposals in more specific terms and strengthens the position of the Commission in foreign and defense policy formation.
	2001	Nice Treaty. Provides for the development of a EU military capacity, the creation of permanent political and military structures and the incorporation into the Union of the crisis management functions of the WEU (entered into force 1 February 2003).