Hist 490.006/ PWAD 490 Global History of Warfare
TR 12:30-1:20 (plus various recitation sections)
Peabody 104
Prof. Wayne Lee 400 Hamilton
wlee@unc.edu 962-3973 (dept phone)
1. PURPOSE: Historians are increasingly interested in the movement of ideas, goods, and even institutions from one society to another. “World” history has long been defined as the study of connections; connections often invisible when societies are examined only from within a national or even regional perspective. The point to the study of world history is not merely to be comparative (examining, for example, feudalism in Japan compared to feudalism in Europe), but to explore the many ways that human societies are constantly responding to change around them, often change generated by activities of which they have no knowledge. Military phenomena are a crucial component of this story. Change or innovation by one society that proves more effective than its neighbors often produces a ripple effect in surrounding societies as they try to adapt to the changed threat. Change also can proceed along global lines of connection independent of a sense of threat. Exploring the process of global military interaction and response to innovation is complicated. Traditionally the field has been defined by the study of the movement of technology. But military historians are increasingly interested in the spread of ideas as well. This course will examine the broad sweep of human military experience on a global scale, focusing on the themes of precedent, innovation, and legacy. We will not try to construct a single narrative of military experience, nor will we try to examine every society at every time. Although broadly inclusive of many times and places, we will follow several innovations in military practice as their implications careened around the globe.
2. READING: Purchase the following books:
Gerard Chaliand, The Art of War in World History (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1994)
Stephen Morillo, et. al. Warfare in World History (not yet in print, available as a coursepak).
Robert B. Marks, The Origins of the Modern World: A Global and Ecological Narrative From the Fifteenth Century the Twenty-First Century, 2nd ed. (Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield, 2006).
Kurt Raaflaub and Nathan Rosenstein, eds., War and Society in the Ancient and Medieval Worlds: Asia, the Mediterranean, Europe, and Mesoamerica (Cambridge: Center for Hellenic Studies, Harvard University, 1999).
All other readings listed below not from these books will be available on the course web site.
3. SCHEDULE
Date Lesson Title
1/11 1 Introduction
1/11-12 rec. #1 Writing and Researching; Analytical Perspectives
• Marks, 1-19
• John A. Lynn, "Discourse, Reality, and the Culture of Combat," International History Review 27.3 (2003): 475-80.
• • Jeremy Black, "Military Organisations and Military Change in Historical Perspective," Journal of Military History 62.4 (1998): 871-92
1/16 2 Origins of War/States
• Arther Ferrill, The Origins of War: From the Stone Age to Alexander the Great, rev'd ed. (Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 1997), 9-31.
1/18 3 Bronze: The Chariot
• Yates, Gnirs in Raaflaub 7-46, 71-104
1/18-19 rec #2 Quiz
• Kadesh inscription, Sun Zi, Shang Yang in Chaliand 49-58; 221-44
1/23 4 Iron: Assyria & Persia
• Briant in Raaflaub 105-28
1/25 5 Greece and the Phalanx
• Raaflaub in Raaflaub 129-62
1/25-26 rec #3
• Xenophon in Chaliand 82-102
• Xenophon, Hellenica IV.2
• Thucydides, V.63-74
1/30 6 Macedonia and creation of Hellenistic world
• Hamilton in Raaflaub 163-92
2/1 7 The Roman Republic
• Rosenstein in Raaflaub 193-216
2/1-2 rec #4
• Polybius, Caesar, Josephus, Vegetius in Chaliand 112-37, 150-56, 201-17
2/6 8 The Roman Empire
• Campbell in Raaflaub 217-40
2/8 9 Galley Warfare
• Dio, Marikios, Liutprand in Chaliand 197-200, 368-73, 376-77
2/8-9 rec #5
• Plutarch, Procopius, Leo VI in Chaliand 157-64, 341-47, 356-68
2/13 10 European Heavy Horsemen
• Morillo ch. 12
2/15 11 The Steppe & The Turks
• Morillo ch. 11
• Crone in Raaflaub 309-32
2/15-16 rec #6 Crusades
• the Koran, al-Hindi, al-Athir, Ibn Shaddad, al-Andalusi in Chaliand 387-91, 400-14
• Marks, 21-42
2/20 12 The Mongol Explosion
• Morillo ch.13
2/22 13 Impact: China - Russia - Middle East - World
• Morillo ch. 14
• Marks 43-66
2/22-23 rec #7 Mongol Limits & (QUIZ)
• Morillo ch.17:18-23
• Athir, John of Plano Carpini, al-Juwayni in Chaliand 463-78
• D. Sinor, "Horse and Pasture in Inner Asian History," Oriens Extremus 19 (1972): ??
• John Masson Smith, Jr., "Ayn Jalut: Mamluk Success or Mongol Failure?," Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies 44.2 (1984): 307-45.
• Richard A Gabriel, Subotai the Valiant: Genghis Khan's Greatest General (Westport, Conn: Praeger, 2004), 105-21.
2/27 14 Gunpowder Revolution? Europe
• Morillo ch. 16:1-19; ch. 17:1-12
3/1 15 Impacts: Europe in the New World and Africa
• Morillo 18:1-19
• Marks 67-94
3/1-2 rec #8 War with Native Americans
• Jerez in Chaliand 531-34
• • John F. Guilmartin, Jr., "The Cutting Edge: An Analysis of the Spanish Invasion and Overthrow of the Inca Empire, 1532-1539," in Transatlantic Encounters: Europeans and Andeans in the Sixteenth Century, eds., Kenneth J. Andrien and Relena Adorno (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1991), 40-69.
• Wayne E. Lee, "Fortify, Fight, or Flee: Tuscarora and Cherokee Defensive Warfare and Military Culture Adaptation," Journal of Military History 68 (2004): 713-770.
• OPTIONAL Hassig in Raaflaub, 361-88.
3/6 16 Gunpowder in South Asia
• Morillo ch. 15; ch. 17:12-16
• Babur in Chaliand 491-98
3/8 17 Gunpowder in China and Japan
• Morillo ch. 18:20-24; ch. 19
3/8-9 rec #9 Alcazarquivir and European power? (QUIZ)
• read Marks 1-19
• David Trim, "Early-Modern Colonial Warfare and the Campaign of Alcazarquivir, 1578," Small Wars and Insurgencies 8.1 (1997): 1-34.
SPRING BREAK
3/20 18 Professional European Armies and Navies
• Morillo ch. 16:20-26; ch. 20
3/22 19 The French Revolution
• Guibert, Carnot in Chaliand 623-26, 637-40
3/22-23 rec #10 Plassey; Seven Years War, Austerlitz
• Frederick, Napoleon in Chaliand, 596-608, 646-51
• Archer Jones, Art of War in the Western World (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1987), 274-82, 342-47.
3/27 20 The Industrial Revolution
• Marks 95-121
• Daniel R. Headrick, "The Tools of Imperialism: Technology and the Expansion of European Colonial Empires in the Nineteenth Century," Journal of Modern History 51 (1979): 231-63
3/29 21 The Age of Steam at Sea
• Morillo ch. 25
• Mahan in Chaliand 787-807
3/29-30 rec #11 Dahomey and the Opium Wars
• Morillo Ch. 24:8-11;
• David Ross, "Dahomey," in West African Resistance: The Military Response to Colonial Occupation, ed., Michael Crowder (New York: Africana Publishing Corp, 1971), 144-69.
• Opium War reading TBD
4/3 22 Managerial Revolution
• Morillo ch. 23; ch 24: 6-8, 11-17
4/5 23 Impact: WWI and reaction
• Morillo ch. 26
• Schlieffen, Bernhardi in Chaliand, 816-18, 843-64
4/5-6 rec #12 Clausewitz
• Clausewitz in Chaliand 671-723
4/10 24 WWII
• Morillo Ch. 28
• Fuller, De Gaulle, Guderian in Chaliand 921-31, 937-40, 949-56
4/12 25 The Atomic innovation
• Brodie, Wohlstetter in Chaliand 991-1012
4/12-13 rec #13 Operational Art vs. the Nuclear standoff?
• Beaufre, Kissinger in Chaliand 1023-55
4/17 26 Guerrilla War and Wars of National Liberation
• Corvey, Gandhi, Mao in Chaliand 974-988, 662-670
• Vo Nguyen Giap, The Military Art of People's War, ed. Russell Stetler (New York: Monthly Review Press, 1970), 101-16 .
4/19 no class
4/19-20 rec #14 Quiz
• CATCH UP IN YOUR READINGS!!!!
4/24 28 Airpower & Smart Weapons
• Douhet, Trenchard in Chaliand 891-96, 905-910
• Jeremy Black, Introduction to Global Military History: 1750 to the Present Day (New York: Routledge, 2005) 235-49
• others tbd
4/26 29 Terrorism vs. the RMA vs. Mass media
• Stephen Biddle, "Afghanistan and the Future of Warfare," Foreign Affairs 82.2 (2003)
• Jeremy Black, Introduction to Global Military History: 1750 to the Present Day (New York: Routledge, 2005), 250-69.
• Christopher Gelpi, Peter D. Feaver, and Jason Reifler, "Success Matters: Casualty Sensitivity and the War in Iraq," International Security 30.3 (2005): 7-46.
• others TBD
4/26-7 rec #15 exam prep.
Final Exam: May 3, 4pm
4. RESEARCH PAPERS: Two Research papers are required. Both papers should be 5-7 typed pages (1250-1800 words). For each paper you must compare two “innovations” in military experience and practice (techniques, weapons, organizations, etc.) and explore how each evolved from its originating society, its military success, and what factors promoted and/or limited its success. Do this for both innovations, looking for differences in the process. Remember the course themes: Precedent, Connections, Legacy. The first paper must deal with innovations prior to 1700. The second paper with innovations from the period after 1700. We will discuss the methods you should use for writing these papers as the class progresses, and I will pass out a list of sample “innovations” in class.
5. EXAMS: There will be four quizzes and a final exam. Each quiz will be primarily factual, designed to test your comprension of the reading and the lectures, and covering only material discussed since the previous quiz. The final will be mostly essay questions designed to cover the whole course. It will be on May 3, 4pm.
6. GRADING: The final grade for the course will be determined from the following course work:
1st research paper 25% 2nd research paper 25%
Each quiz 5%=20% final 20%
attendance and participation at recitation 10%
7. POLICIES:
The Honor Code of the university is in effect at all times, and the submission of work signifies understanding and acceptance of those requirements. If there is ever any question about the application of the Honor Code in any specific instance, please do not hesitate to direct your concern to the course director, instructor or teaching assistant. Never submit work unless you are fully satisfied that you have complied with the requirements of the Honor Code.
The grading scale is the one approved by the faculty of the College of Arts and Sciences for undergraduate courses. A complete version is available on the course website. It is important that you be familiar with those policies before submitting graded work. Papers turned in after the beginning of class on the same day will be assessed a penalty of one-third of a letter grade. After that, late papers will be assessed a penalty of one full letter grade per day for every day it is late, unless there is a documented excuse acceptable to the instructor. All assigned work must be completed in order to receive credit for the course. A grade of Incomplete will not be assigned unless the instructor has been consulted and has agreed in advance.
Finding me: I will be in my office on a regular basis from 1:00 to 2:00 on Tues. and Thurs. If my office hours conflict with your class schedule, please let me know and we can make an alternate appointment.