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<p><b>JAMES HUGH SANFORD</b> 
<P><B>Narrative CV</B>. 
<P>James  Sanford took a BA with honors in Linguistics  at  the University  of  California at Berkely in 1960 and a  Phd  in  Far Eastern  Languages  and  Cultures from Harvard in  1972.  He  has taught various aspects of East Asian Religions at the  University of  North  Carolina since 1971.  He has two  major  publications: <B>Zen-Man  Ikkyu</B>, Harvard Center for the Study of  World  Religions and  Scholars  Press, 1981, and <B>Flowing Traces: Buddhism  in  the Literary  and  Visual  Arts of Japan</B>,  co-edited  with  Masatoshi Nagatomi  and  William R. LaFleur,  Princeton  University  press, 1992.  In addition, Sanford has published articles and  chapters,  on Zen Buddhism and Japanese Esoteric Buddhism, and  translations of  Chinese Buddhist Poetry. He is currently engaged in  work  on Japanese tantrism,  texts from the Chinese Inner Alchemy (Neitan) tradition, and a book of Ch'an poems in the "harmony" genre,  co-authored with Jerome P. Seaton. He is co-founder, with Charles D. Orzech, of the Society for Tantric Studies.
<P><b>CURRICULUM VITAE</b>
<P>Department of Religious Studies
<br>University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
<br>101 Saunders Hall
<br>Chapel Hill, N.C. 27599-3225
<br>Phone: (919) 962-3932
<p>Birth Date:
<br>January 24, 1938
<p><b>Education:</b>
<p>A.B. 1960, University of California, Berkeley; Linguistics (Honors)
<br>1961, U.S. Army Language School; Mandarin Chinese
<br>1963-65, University of Washington, Seattle; Japanese Literature and
Language
<br>1965-66. Inter-University Center of Japanese Studies,Tokyo, Japan;
Japanese Language and Research
<br>Ph.D. 1972, Harvard University; Far Eastern Languages.
<p><b>Academic Employment:</b>
<p>July 1982 to present, Associate Professor, Department of Religious Studies,
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
<br>July 1993-January 1994, Acting Chair, Curriculum in Asian Studies,
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
<br>July 1988-July 1989, Acting Chair, Department of Religious Studies,
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
<br>1971-82, Assistant Professor, Department of Religious Studies, University
of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
<br>1970-71, Administrative Assistant (half-time) Center for the Study
of World Religions, Harvard University
<p><b>Teaching Activities:</b>
<p>History of Religions: History &amp; Mythology
<br>Far Eastern Buddhism
<br>Taoism
<p><b>Primary Research Interests:</b>
<p>Japanese religion, especially popular forms of Buddhism from the medieval
to late pre-modern periods. Current research in progress: The
Tachikawa-ry_ "heresy" of Shingon Buddhism.
<p><b>Honors, Awards, and Grants:</b>
<p>1960, Phi Beta Kappa, Honors A.B.
<br>1963, Japan-America Society Scholarship
<br>1964-65, 65-66. 66-67, 67-68, National Defense Language Fellowships
<br>1968-69, 69-70, Harvard Graduate Fellowships
<br>Autumn 1969, 1970-71, Harvard Teaching Fellowships
<br>Summer 1975, University of North Carolina Research Council Grant
<br>Summer 1977, OOE Grant to participate in the Charlotte Consortium SASAAAS
Faculty Development Seminar in Indian Arts and Religions in India
<br>1980-83, co-principal researcher, NEH grant, "Japanese Buddhism:
Humanistic Inquiries"
<br>Autumn 1990, Pogue Research Fellowship
<br>
<p><b>Publications:</b>
<p>"Insects," translation of a prose-poem by Hagiwara Sakutar_, Japan Quarterly,
Autumn 1969, pp. 330-331.
<p>"Japan's 'Laughing Mushrooms'," Economic Botany, Vol. 26, No. 2, 1972,
pp. 174-181.
<p>"Shakuhachi Zen: The Fukesh_/Komus_," Monumenta Nipponica,
Vol. 32, No. 4, Winter 1977, pp. 411-440.
<p>"Mandalas of the Heart: Two prose Works by Ikky_ S_jun,"
Monumenta Nipponica, Vol. 35, No. 3, Autumn 1980, pp. 273-298.
<p>With Jerome P. Seaton, "Four Poems by Shih-te," White Pine Journal 24-25,
1980, pp. 9-10.
<p>Zen-Man Ikky_. Harvard University Center for the Study of World
Religions and Scholars Press, 1981, 321 pp.
<p>With Arthur Tobias and J.P. Seaton, The View from Cold Mountain:
Poems of Han-shan and Shih-te. White Pine Press, 1981, 33 pp.
<p>"Ikky_ S_jun," Encyclopedia of Japan, 1983.
<p>"Sokushin J_butsu," Encyclopedia of Japan, 1983.
<p>"Paradigms and Poems: A Review of LaFleur's, The Karma of Words,"
a review-essay in The Eastern Buddhist, Vol. 17 (n.s.), No. 2, Autumn 1984,
pp. 124-133.
<p>"The Nine Faces of Death: 'Su Tung-po's' Kuz_-shi,"
The Eastern Buddhist, vol. 21 (n.s.), No. 2, Autumn 1988, pp. 54-77.
<p>Translations of two poems by Wang Chi (6th Cent. BCE) and three poems
by Ikky_ (1394-1481) in The Literary Review, vol. 32, no. 3, Spring 1989,
pp. 357-358.
<p>"The Abominable Tachikawa Skull Ritual," Monumenta Nipponica, Vol. 46,
No. 4, Spring 1991, pp. 1-20.
<p>"Literary Aspects of Japan's Dual Ga_e_a Cult" in Robert L. Brown, ed.,
Ganesh: Studies of an Asian God,State University of New York Series in
Tantric Studies,1991, pp. 287-335.
<p>Co-edited with William R. LaFleur and Masatoshi Nagatomi, Flowing Traces:
Buddhism in the Literary and Visual Arts of Japan, Princeton University
Press, 1992, 275 pp.
<p>"Breath of Life: The Esoteric Nenbutsu," in Ian Astley-Kristensen, ed.,
Esoteric Buddhism in Japan (Society for Buddhist Studies Monograph Number
1), Copenhagen, and Aarhus, 1994, pp. 65-98.
<p>Translations (10 with J.P. Seaton) of 36 Chinese Ch'an poems in J.P.
Seaton and Dennis Moloney, eds., A Drifting Boat: Chinese Zen Poetry,
White Pine Press, Fredonia, N.Y., 1994.
<p>Translations (with J.P. Seaton) of two poems by Shih-te and three sets
of Shih-te harmony poems, The Literary Review. Vol. 38, No. 3 (1995),
pp. 376; 335-337.
<p>"Wind, Waters, Stupas, Mandalas: Fetal Buddhahood in Shingon,"
Japanese Journal of Religious Studies, Vol. 24, Nos. 1-2, Spring 1997,
pp. 1-38.
<p>Translations of three poems of Shih Shu in The Literary Review, Vol.
41, No. 3 (1998).
<p>Translations of two poems of Shih Shu in Norton’s World Poetry:
An Anthology of Verse from Antiquity to Our Time, 1998, p.
849.
<br>
<p>&nbsp;
<p><b>Papers and Presentations:</b> 
<p>October 1969, "Teaching About Japanese Religion(s)" at the Fifteenth
Yale Conference on the Teaching of Social Studies Program, "Teaching about
Asia at the Secondary Level".
<p>July 1974, Consultant for the Tenth Grade Asian Studies Curriculum Development
Project. Held at North Carolina State University. Directed
by Dr. Burton Beers, N. C.State University Department of History.
Funded by the National Endowment for the Humanities.
<p>March 1976, "The Japanese Komus_/Fuke-sh_" at the Washington D.C. and
Southeastern Regional Seminar on Japan. University of Maryland.
<p>July 1976, "Modernization and Twentieth Century Japanese Fiction" for
the U.S.-Japan Conference on Cultural Interchange (CULCON). Held
at Duke University. Sponsored by the Japan Foundation. Overall theme:
Problems of Modern Japan.
<p>July 1976, Briefing session on "Japanese Religions" for the Projects
Abroad: Japan program. Directed by University of North Carolina
at Greensboro. Held at Duke University. Sponsored by the U.S.
Office of Education. (Nov. 1976) Debriefing session for same project.
<p>October 1976, "Practical Immanentalism and Ikky_ Zenji" as part of a
panel on "The Esoteric (mikky_) Tradition of Japanese Buddhism" presented
at the Washington and Southeastern States Regional Seminar on Japan. University
of Maryland.
<p>October 1976, "Zen and the Art of the Flute: the Fuke sect of
Japan" at the Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Religion, St. Louis.
<p>February 1977, "The Flute-Playing Zen Monks of Japan" for the Princeton
University Program in Asian Studies.
<p>March 1977, "Anti-structure and Ikky_ Zenji" at the Southeast Regional
meeting of the American Academy of Religion, Atlanta.
<br>
<p>December 1977, "Ri and Ji (Principle and Phenomena) in Japanese
Buddhism," as part of a "Workshop on Japanese Buddhist Responses to Buddhist
Symbols" held at the Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Religion,
San Francisco.
<p>January 1978, Chaired "Praxis in South Asian Religions" panel at the
Southeast Regional meeting of the Association of Asian Studies, Winston-Salem,
N.C.
<p>November 1978, "Fuke-sh_ as a Little Tradition Transformation" at the
American Academy of Religion Annual Meeting, New Orleans.
<p>November 1978, Respondent in panel on "Patterns of Japanese Response
to Buddhist Symbols" at American Academy of Religion Annual Meeting,
New Orleans.
<p>November 1979, "The Tachikawa Skull Ritual," American Academy of Religion
Annual Meeting, New York.
<p>July 1980, "Ga_e_a in Japan," at the second "Japanese Buddhism:
Humanistic Inquiries" Conference at the University of Chicago Center for
the Advanced Study of Religions.
<p>November 1980, "The Kangi-ten Cult at Ikoma," at the American Academy
of Religion Annual Meeting, Dallas.
<p>December 1981, Chaired "Ethics in Japanese Religions" panel at American
Academy of Religion Annual Meeting, San Francisco.
<p>April 1982, "Syncretism and Marginality in Japanese Religion," at the
Association of Asian Studies Annual Meeting, Chicago.
<p>April 1982, "Some Concretizations of the Sokushin J_butsu ('Bodily Buddhahood')
Doctrine After K_kai," at the Association of Asian Studies Annual Meeting,
Chicago.
<p>June 1982, "Sokushin J_butsu (Bodily Buddhahood): A Critical Motif
in Japanese Buddhist History," at the sixth "Japanese Buddhism: Humanistic
Inquiries" Conference, Harvard University.
<p>December 1982, "Episodic and Exemplary: The Shape of Japanese
Buddhist Biography" at the Annual meeting of American Academy of Religion,
New York.
<p>March 1983, "The Matrix of All Buddhas: Buddhas of the Womb,"
for a colloquium of the Department of Asian Studies, University of California,
Los Angeles.
<p>March 1984, "Japan's Dual Ganesha," at the Association of Asian Studies
Annual meeting, Washington, D.C.
<br>April 1987, "A Field Guide to Shingon Buddhism," at the 1987
Society for Tantric Studies, Quail Roost Conference Center, Rougemont,
N.C.
<p>March 1988, "Immanental Nembutsu: From Kakuban to the Gonaish_,"
at the Association of Asian Studies Annual Meeting, San Francisco.
<p>October 1988, "D_kin_ Skulls, Horse Penises, and Human Vajras: Aspects
of Tachikawa-ry_ Ritual," Annual Meeting of the Society for Tantric Studies,
Syracuse, N.Y.
<p>March 1989, "Salvational Embryology in Shingon Buddhism," Annual
Meeting of the Association of Asia Studies, Washington, D.C.
<p>May 1989, "Bodily Buddhahood in Shingon Buddhism," as the Hamilton Fund
Distinguished Scholar Lecture at Amherst College, Amherst, Massachusetts.
<p>August 1989, "The Pure Land Visions of Kakuban and D_han," at the University
of Copenhagen and University of Aarhus "Conference on the Esoteric Buddhist
Tradition," Samso Island, Denmark.
<p>March 1990, "Between Death and Life, Beyond Life and Death: Spiritual
Embryology in Japanese Buddhism," S.E. Regional Meeting of the American
Academy of Religion, Charlotte, N.C.
<p>April 1990, "Warped Woof: Does Zen Have Tantra-Nature?", Annual Meeting
of the Association of Asian Studies, Chicago.
<p>March 1992, "Spiritual Embryology in Japanese Buddhism," Inaugural E.
Dale Saunders Lecture on Japanese Buddhism, University of Pennsylvania,
Philadelphia.
<p>May 1992, "Jewels in the Lotus: Spiritual Gestation in Japanese Buddhism,"
for "Tantra Occluded," the 1992 Conference of the Society for Tantric Studies,
Menlo Park, CA.
<p>March 1993, "Tangled Mandala: Matarajin and the Genshi Kimy_dan
Ritual," Stanford University.
<p>April 1993, "Spiritual Embryology Beyond the Pale of Shingon," for Women
and Japanese Buddhism Symposium, Institute of Buddhist Studies, Berkeley,
California.
<p>November 1993, "Matara's Dance: Syncretic Esotericism in Japan,"
Society for Tantric Studies and 22nd Annual Conference on South Asia, University
of Wisconsin at Madison.
<p>March 1996, "The Many Faces of Matara," for the Object as
Insight Symposium on Buddhist Art and Ritual, co-sponsored by Amherst College
and the Katonah Museum of Art.
<p>April 1995, "Buddhism in a Chinese Setting," for University of North
Carolina Humanities Program Seminar, Seminar on Buddhism.
<p>October 1997, "Shinran's Secret Transmission to Nyoshin: Esoteric
Buddhism in a Pure Land Context," Society of Tantric Studies Meeting,
University of Northern Arizona, Flagstaff, AZ.
<p><b>Professional Memberships:</b>
<p>American Academy of Religion
<br>Association of Asian Studies
<br>Japanese Religions Group
<br>Society for Tantric Studies (founding member, Steering
<br>Committee 1985-present)
<p><b>Experience Abroad:</b>
<p>India (summer 1977) for seminar in Indian arts and religions
<br>Japan (1965-66) for Japanese language study
<br>Taiwan (1960-61), Military
<p><b>Professional References:</b>
<p>Professor Masatoshi Nagatomi, Department of East Asian Languages and
Cultures, Harvard University
<br>Professor Martin Collcutt, Department of East Asian Studies,Princeton
University
<br>Professor James Foard, Department of Religious Studies,Arizona State
University
<br>Professor William R. LaFleur, Department of Oriental Studies,University
of Pennsylvania
<p>Revised April, 1998
<p><br></p>
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