LARRY K. BENNINGER, Chair
John M. Bane Jr. (24) Physical Oceanography
Larry K. Benninger (17) Low-Temperature Geochemistry
Joseph G. Carter (15) Paleoecology, Invertebrate Paleontology
Paul D. Fullagar (4) Isotope Geochemistry
Allen F. Glazner (20) Igneous Petrology, Tectonics
Christopher S. Martens (7) Chemical Oceanography
Jose A. Rial (26) Geophysics, Seismology
Louis R. Bartek (36) Sedimentology, Stratigraphy, Marine Geology
Drew S. Coleman (38) Isotope Geochemistry, Geochronology
Jonathan M. Lees (37) Seismology, Geophysical Inverse Theory
Kevin G. Stewart (27) Structural Geology
Stephen R. Meyers ( ) Paleoclimate, Sedimentary Geochemistry, Stratigraphy, Geostatistics
Michael E. Oskin (40) Process Geomorphology, Neotectonics
Donna M. Surge (41) Paleoclimate, Paleoecology, Low-Temperature Geochemistry
Dennis LaPoint ( ) Economic Geology
John M. Dennison
A. Conrad Neumann
John J. W. Rogers
Joseph St. Jean Jr.
Daniel A. Textoris
The Department of Geological Sciences offers programs leading to the MS and PhD degrees in geological sciences. A broad background is offered in most major areas of geoscience, with particular emphasis on isotope geochemistry, geochronology, seismology, volcanology, igneous petrology, marine geology, low-temperature geochemistry, paleoclimatology, paleoceanography, paleontology, paleoecology, sequence stratigraphy, structural geology, and tectonics.
Students admitted to pursue a graduate degree in the Department of Geological Sciences normally are expected to have an undergraduate degree in traditional geology, geochemistry, geophysics, biology, chemistry, mathematics, physics, or other related interdisciplinary fields. All applicants must take the Graduate Record Examination (GRE). All foreign students whose native language is not English also must take the Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) examination.
Course requirements for incoming students will be determined by individual graduate committees, often in consultation with the director of graduate studies. Specific requirements are varied to meet the needs and career objectives of the individual.
Requirements for the Master of Science degree are: thirty semester hours (six of which may be credit for thesis); a written comprehensive examination taken after most of the course work has been completed; a thesis; and a final oral examination in defense of the thesis.
Normally a student must have completed a master's degree before being admitted to the doctoral program. A student may be permitted to bypass the master's degree after one year of residence upon demonstration of superior scholastic performance and research potential, recommendation of his or her graduate committee, and approval by the geological sciences faculty.
Admission to the PhD program after completing the MS degree in the Department of Geological Sciences requires faculty approval.
Requirements for the PhD degree are: a minimum of forty-five semester hours of graduate credit (which may include thirty hours from the MS degree) plus a minimum of six hours of credit for the dissertation; a written comprehensive examination and an oral comprehensive examination; a dissertation; and a final oral examination in defense of the dissertation.
The Department of Geological Sciences occupies the 50,000 square feet of floor space in Elisha Mitchell Hall, and houses a departmental library which contains more than 47,000 volumes as well as periodicals, maps, and electronic resources in the geosciences.
Research equipment and facilities include: thermal ionization mass spectrometer; two Class 100 clean labs; direct current plasma spectrometer; X-ray diffraction; flame- and graphite-furnace atomic absorption spectrometer; scanning electron microscope; counting laboratory (alpha-, beta-, and gamma-emitting radionuclides); benzene 14C laboratory; gas chromatograph- isotope ratio mass spectrometer; ICP mass spectrometer and electron microprobe (at Duke University); chirp sonar and side-scan sonar imaging systems; Landmark Graphics Geological Interpretation System; seismic reflection system; grain-size analysis equipment; core x-radiograph; microsampling system with epifluorescence capabilities. The department utilizes a variety of computing resources, including networked Windows, Macintosh, LINUX, and UNIX workstations. Campus-wide supercomputer clusters are available through the North Carolina Supercomputing Center. UNC-Chapel Hill and Duke University jointly operate the R/V Cape Hatteras, a part of the UNOLS oceanographic research fleet, which is docked at the Duke Marine Lab in Beaufort, North Carolina.
Approximately seventeen graduate and teaching assistantships with stipends of $12,000-$13,500 per academic year (2005-2006 stipends) are available to graduate students. In addition, all graduate students in good standing receive a summer research fellowship ($5,000-$6,000 in 2005-2006) from a departmental endowment.
The department nominates one or two students to be considered by The Graduate School for non-service fellowships; no additional application is necessary. Faculty research grants support some research assistantships. Out-of-state students are recommended for remission of out-of-state tuition costs; all students are recommended for an in-state tuition award. Most students are eligible for both, and therefore, are responsible only for the payment of student fees.
403 [101] OCEANOGRAPHY (MASC 401) (BIOL 350) (ENVR 417) (3). Prerequisites, major in a natural science or at least two college-level courses in natural sciences. The origin of ocean basins, chemistry and dynamics of seawater, biological communities and processes, the sedimentary record, and the history of oceanography. Term paper. Intended for students with college science background; other students should see GEOL 103. Fall, spring. Staff.
410 [111] EARTH PROCESSES IN ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS (ENST 410) (MASC 410) (4). Prerequisites, MATH 231, CHEM 102, PHYS 105 or 117, GEOL 111 or 213, or permission of the instructor. Principles of geological and related earth systems sciences are applied to the analysis of environmental phenomena. The link between the lithosphere and other environmental compartments is explored through case studies of environmental issues. Three lecture hours and two lab hours a week. (On demand.) Benninger, Band.
411 [112] OCEANIC PROCESSES IN ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS (ENST 411) (MASC 411) (4). Prerequisites, MATH 231, BIOL 101, CHEM 102, PHYS 105 or 117, ENST 222, or permission of the instructor. Principles of analysis of the ocean, coastal, and estuarine environments, and the processes that control these environments, are applied to the analysis of environmental phenomena. The link between the hydrosphere and other environmental compartments is explored through case studies of environmental issues. Three lecture hours and one lab hour a week. Fall. Staff.
413 [137] FIELD PALEONTOLOGY (4). Prerequisites, GEOL 101, 159, 109 or 111 and GEOL 402 or 478, or permission of the instructor. A field-oriented course on the Triassic through recent strata of the southeastern United States, including their geological framework and their litho- and bio-stratigraphic classification. Three lecture and two laboratory hours a week. Fall or spring. (Alternate years) Carter.
415 [116] ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS MODELING (ENVR461) (ENST 415) (MASC 415) (3) Prerequisites, MATH 383, PHYS 105 or 117 (may be taken concurrently), or permission of the instructor. Methods for developing explanatory and predictive models of environmental processes are explored. Includes discussion of the relevant scientific modes of analysis, mathematical methods, computational issues, and visualization techniques. Two lecture hours and one computer lab hour a week. Spring. Rial, Werner.
417 [138] GEOMORPHOLOGY (3). Prerequisite, GEOL 101 or 111, MATH 231, or permission of the instructor. Introduction to process geomorphology with emphasis on quantitative interpretation of weathering, hillslope, fluvial, glacial, and eolian processes from topography and landscapes. The origin of landforms. Includes those formed by weathering, mass wasting, streams, dissolution of limestone, coastal processes, glaciation, and wind. Fall. (Alternate years.) Oskin.
421 [102] ARCHAEOLOGICAL GEOLOGY (ANTH 421) (3). Prerequisite, permission of the instructor. The application of geological principles and techniques to the solution of archaeological problems. Geological processes and deposits pertinent to archaeological sites, geological framework of archaeology in the southeastern United States, and techniques of archaeological geology and site analysis are studied. Field trips to three or more sites are conducted; written reports on geological aspects of the sites are required. Not open to geology graduate students for graduate credit. (On demand.) Staff.
422 [122] PHYSICS OF THE EARTH'S INTERIOR (PHYS 422) (3). Prerequisites, MATH 383, PHYS 201 or 301, and PHYS 311. Origin of the solar system: the nebular hypothesis. Evolution of the Earth and its acretionary history. Earthquakes, plate tectonics, and the interior of the Earth. The Earth's magnetic field. Mantle convection.
430 [125] COASTAL SEDIMENTARY ENVIRONMENTS (MASC 430) (3). Prerequisite, GEOL 402. An introduction to modern shallow-water clastic environments and their sediments, emphasizing barrier islands, deltas, estuaries, wetlands, and tidal flats. Includes local field trips and discussion/application of data-collecting techniques. (On demand.) Fall. Staff.
431 [133] MICROPALEONTOLOGY (MASC 431) (4). Prerequisite, GEOL 478, MASC 440, or permission of instructor. An in-depth study of the biostratigraphy, paleoecology, and taxonomy of various microfossil groups (i.e., Foraminifera, ostracodes, conodonts, coccoliths, Radiolaria, diatoms, acritarchs, dinoflagellates, etc.) dependent upon individual student objectives. Three lecture and three laboratory hours a week.
432 [134] PALEOCLIMATOLOGY (3). Prerequisite, GEOL 402 or permission of the instructor. Introduction to mechanisms that drive climate. Examination of past climate reconstructions using ecological and geochemical proxies. Utility of computer models to reconstruct past climates and predict future climate change. Emphasis placed on the late Quaternary. Fall. (Alternate years). Surge, Meyers.
433 [117] PALEOCEANOGRAPHY (3). Prerequisite, GEOL 402 or 503, or permission of the instructor. Origin and distribution of pelagic sediments. Review of the major Mesozoic and Cenozoic events in the world's oceans. Glacial/interglacial changes in the ocean/atmosphere system. Spring (alternate years), fall. Meyers, Surge.
434 [123] MARINE CARBONATE ENVIRONMENTS (MASC 123) (4). Prerequisite, permission of the instructor. Chemical and biological origins of calcium carbonate, skeletal structure, and chemo-mineralogy, preservation, sedimentation, and early diagenesis are studied in a variety of deep and shallow environmental settings, in order to understand skeletal genesis, limestone origin, and carbonate facies variability. Field trip to Florida, the Bahamas, or Bermuda. Lab exercises; research report. Spring. (Alternate years.) Staff.
436 [130] TOPICS IN EARTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES (3). Key topics and resources for high school teachers preparing to teach Earth and Environmental Sciences. Includes lithosphere, tectonic processes, hydrosphere, atmosphere, origin of solar system and life, and environmental stewardship. Spring, summer. Staff.
440 [113] PRINCIPLES OF SEISMOLOGY (3). Prerequisites, GEOL 101, 213, 401; MATH 231; or permission of instructor. Descriptive account of global seismology, earthquake distribution, and focal mechanics. Principles of geometrical optics and applications to imaging the Earth's interior. Principles of seismic prospecting of hydrocarbon and geothermal reservoirs.
450 [115] BIOGEOCHEMICAL PROCESSES (ENST 450) (4). Prerequisites, MATH 231, BIOL 101, CHEM 251 or 261, PHYS 105 or 117, GEOL 111 or 213, or permission of the instructor. Principles of chemistry, biology, and geology are applied to analysis of the fate and transport of materials in environmental systems, with an emphasis on those materials that form the most significant cycles. The course examines these processes in systems that contain the hydrosphere, lithosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere. Three lecture hours and one lab hour a week. Fall. Staff.
456 [157] PROBLEMS IN VERTEBRATE EVOLUTION (BIOL 456) (3). Prerequisite, BIOL 276 or permission of instructor. A study of the major transitions in vertebrate evolution and associated problems in evolutionary biology, structural change, paleoecology, biogeography and earth history, physiology and behavior.
478 [132] INVERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY (BIOL 478) (4-5). Prerequisite, GEOL 159 or BIOL 101, or permission of the instructor. Study of major invertebrate phyla in the geologic record. Introduction to principles, methods of analysis, and major controversies within paleontology. Examination of the fossil record and its application to problems in evolutionary biology, paleoecology, paleoclimatology, and general Earth history. Five credit hour class includes an internship (once a week) at the North Carolina Museum of Natural History as part of the APPLES service learning program in addition to the laboratory taught on campus. Spring (alternate years), fall. Carter, Surge.
480 [141] MODELING OF MARINE AND EARTH SYSTEMS (ENVR 480) (MASC 480) (1-3). Prerequisites, MATH 232 or permission of the instructor. Mathematical modeling of the dynamic systems, linear and nonlinear. The fundamental budget equation. Case studies in modeling convective transport, biogeochemical processes, population dynamics. Analytical and numerical techniques, chaos theory, fractal geometry. Three lecture hours per week. Spring. Werner, Rial.
483 [119] GEOLOGICAL AND OCEANOGRAPHIC APPLICATIONS OF GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS (MASC 483) (4). Prerequisites, four natural science courses or permission of the instructor. Focus is on applying GIS concepts and techniques to mining and petroleum geology, resource assessment, hydrogeology, coastal and marine geology, physical oceanography, engineering geology, and a geological perspective on land use. Spring. Staff.
501 [118] GEOLOGICAL RESEARCH TECHNIQUES (2). Prerequisite, permission of the instructor. An introduction to methods of obtaining, analyzing, and presenting geological, geochemical, geophysical, and/or paleontological data. Fall or spring. Staff.
502 [147] EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES (GEOG 440) (3). Prerequisite, GEOG 110 or GEOL 101. Focuses on the processes of soil formation, erosion, and landform evolution, with an emphasis on the interaction of geomorphic processes with surface hydrology and ecosystems. Band.
503 [188] GEOLOGICAL OCEANOGRAPHY (MASC 503) (4). Prerequisites, GEOL 101 or 111, or permission of the instructor. Ocean basin origin, continental margin development, coastal geology, carbonate platforms, and pelagic sediments are subjects covered; paleoceanographic reconstructions are emphasized. Three lecture and two laboratory hours a week. Spring. Staff.
504 [173] TOPICS IN PETROLOGY (4). Prerequisite, GEOL 404. Origin of magmas and evolution of igneous and metamorphic rocks, combined with petrographic study of selected sites and individual examples. Two lecture and six laboratory hours a week. Spring. Glazner.
505 [105] CHEMICAL OCEANOGRAPHY (ENVR 505) (MASC 505) (4). Prerequisites, one semester of physical chemistry or ENVR 419 or CHEM 480, or permission of the instructor. Variation and abundance of sea constituents and the chemical, physical, and biological processes contributing to their distribution, as well as problems of dispersion of conservative and nonconservative substances. Three lecture and two recitation hours a week. Spring. Martens, Arnosti, Alperin.
506 [106] PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY (MASC 506) (4). Prerequisites, MATH 231, 232, PHYS 104, 105, or permission of the instructor. Descriptive regional oceanography, equations of motion, the Ekman layer, wind-driven currents, thermohaline circulation, modern observations, waves, tides. Four lecture hours a week. Fall. Bane.
508 [163] APPLIED HYDROLOGY (3). Prerequisites, GEOL 101 or 111, MATH 231, PHYS 105, or permission of the instructor. An introduction to methodologies and instrumentation for quantifying the movement of water in the earth system, focusing on components of the hydrologic cycle. Emphasis is divided between analytical aspects and field procedures. (On demand.) Staff.
509 [165] GROUNDWATER (3). Prerequisites, GEOL 101, 105, 15, 109, or 111, CHEM 102, MATH 231, PHYS 104, 116, or permission of the instructor. Introduction to physics, chemistry, and geology of groundwater. Fall. (Alternate years.) Benninger.
510 [164] GEOCHEMISTRY OF NATURAL WATERS (3). Prerequisites, GEOL 101, 105, 15, 109, or 111, CHEM 102, MATH 231, or permission of the instructor. Survey of processes affecting the compositions of streams, lakes, the ocean, and shallow groundwaters. Spring. (Alternate years.) Benninger.
511 [166] STABLE ISOTOPES IN THE ENVIRONMENT (ENST 511) (3). Prerequisite, CHEM 102. Introduction to the theory, methods, and applications of stable isotopes to environmental problems. Primary focus will be on the origin, natural abundance, and fractionation of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen isotopes. Fall. (Alternate years.) Surge.
512 [145] GEOCHEMISTRY (MASC 553) (3). Prerequisites, GEOL 101 or 111, CHEM 102, or permission of the instructor. Introduction to the application of chemical principles to geological problems, with emphasis on isotopic methods. Spring. (Alternate years.) Benninger.
514 [139] RIVER SYSTEMS OF EAST COAST NORTH AMERICA (3). Prerequisites, GEOL 101 or 111; GEOL 211 or 417; at least junior status. Analysis of twenty-three rivers from St. Lawrence to the Everglades, from headwaters to oceanic terminus of turbidite fan. Focus on stream processes, geologic development, hydrology, utilization history, ecology, and planning.
515 [142] INTRODUCTION TO GEOPHYSICS (3). Introduction to the fundamentals of global geophysics: gravity, seismology, magnetism, heat and plate tectonics. Both shallow and deep processes are considered. Emphasis is aimed at problem solving by applying concepts. Fall. (Alternate years.) Lees, Rial.
516 [120] ENVIRONMENTAL FIELD MAPPING AND INFORMATION SYSTEMS. Field and laboratory methods for collection, assimilation, and manipulation of map-based earth science data within a geospatial relational database. Introduction to applications of remote sensing and analysis of digital topography. Spring. Oskin.
517 [136] SEQUENCE AND SEISMIC STRATIGRAPHY (3). Prerequisite, GEOL 402. Examination of lithostratigraphic principles and the sequence stratigraphic paradigm. Students study use of variation of well log signature reflection attributes and reflection termination patterns to identify and correlate sequences and systems and interpret the lithology and depositional history of subsurface stratigraphic units. Fall. Bartek.
518 [151] GEODYNAMICS (3). Prerequisites, GEOL 101 or 111, MATH 232, PHYS 104, 105, CHEM 102. Interior of the earth deduced from seismology, gravity, heat flow, magnetism; geophysics of continents and ocean basins; age of earth. Spring. (Alternate years.) Staff.
519 [150] HISTORY OF THE EARTH (3). Prerequisites, GEOL 101, 105, 109, or 111 and 301, 404, 402, and 401, or permission of the instructor. History of the earth's surficial and internal systems including biologic evolution; development of oceans, atmosphere, and climate; plate tectonic processes; evolution of crust and mantle. Fall. (Alternate years.) Staff.
520 [152] DATA ANALYSIS IN THE EARTH SCIENCES (3). Prerequisites, an introductory geological science course, Calculus I and II, or permission of the instructor. Introduction to quantitative analysis in earth sciences: solid earth, atmospheres, oceans, geochemistry, and paleontology. Topics covered: univariate and multivariate statistics, testing, non-parametric methods, time series, spatial and cluster analysis, shapes. Spring. Lees.
522 [154] PHYSICAL VOLCANOLOGY (3). Prerequisites, introductory courses in geology and physics. Course is aimed at understanding the physical properties and processes controlling volcanism and magma transport. Topics covered include volcanic processes from the formation of magma in the upper mantle to violent eruption at the surface. Emphasis is placed on dynamic processes and underlying mechanisms.
550 [140] BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLING (MASC 550) (3). Prerequisites, GEOL 512, 655, or 510, or ENVR 421 or MASC 505 or permission of the instructor. Biogeochemical cycling explores interfaces between marine, aquatic, atmospheric, and geological sciences, emphasizing processes controlling chemical distributions in sediments, fresh and salt water, the atmosphere, and fluxes between these reservoirs. Spring. Martens, Alperin, Arnosti.
552 [144] ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY (MASC 552) (ENVR 552) (3). Prerequisites, MASC 505 or CHEM 261 or permission of the instructor. Sources, transformations, and fate of natural organic matter in marine environments. Emphasis on interplay of chemical, biological, and physical processes affecting organic matter composition, distribution, and turnover. Fall. (Alternate years). Arnosti.
555 [197] PALEOBOTANY (BIOL 555) (5). Prerequisites, BIOL 101-101L and permission of the instructor. An introduction to the morphology, stratigraphic occurrence, and evolutionary relationships of fossil plants. Both macrofossils and microfossils are considered. Three lecture and three laboratory hours a week. Spring (Alternate years). Gensel.
560 [181] FLUID DYNAMICS (ENVR 452) (MASC 560) (PHYS 660) (3). Prerequisite, PHYS 301 or permission of the instructor. The physical properties of fluids, kinematics, governing equations, viscous incompressible flow, vorticity dynamics, boundary layers, irrotational incompressible flow. Fall. Shay.
563 [143] DESCRIPTIVE PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY (MASC 563) (3). Prerequisites, MASC 506 or permission of the instructor. Observed structure of the large-scale and mesoscale ocean circulation and its variability, based on modern observations. In situ and remote sensing techniques, hydrographic structure, circulation patterns, ocean-atmosphere interactions. Spring. (Alternate years.) Bane.
601 [128], 602 [129] SUMMER FIELD COURSES IN GEOLOGY (6). Prerequisites, GEOL 301, 404, 402, 401. Six-week field camp conducted in New Mexico, Arizona, and Colorado. Field interpretation of rocks and their deformation; construction of geological maps; introduction to hydrology. Includes field trips to classic localities such as the Grand Canyon. First summer session only. Staff.
608 [182] ADVANCED STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY (ENST 608) (3). Prerequisites, GEOL 401, PHYS 104 or 116. Theoretical and experimental methods in structural geology; strain analysis; mechanical behavior of rocks. Spring. (Alternate years.) Stewart.
609 [184] ADVANCED FIELD SEMINAR IN GEOLOGY (1-4). Prerequisites, GEOL 601 and 602 or equivalent. A field course that emphasizes advanced field methods. Emphasis is placed on large-scale, detailed field work in complex structural terrains and on independent mapping that will lead to thesis/dissertation and/or publication. (On demand.) Glazner, Coleman, Stewart, Oskin.
655 [146] PHYSICAL GEOCHEMISTRY (4). Prerequisites, CHEM 102, MATH 232, or permission of the instructor. An introduction to physical geochemistry and chemical thermodynamics with special emphasis on geological applications. Three lecture and three laboratory hours a week. (On demand.) Fall. (Alternate years.) Benninger.
700 [300] RESEARCH SEMINAR (1). Required of all entering graduate students or permission of the chair. A topical seminar in current research topics in the earth sciences. Presentations by selected faculty with an emphasis on in-depth, critical analysis of current research literature. Two hours a week. Fall. Staff.
701 [301] SEMINAR (1 or more). (Offered as needed.) Staff.
703 [202] SEDIMENTARY GEOLOGY I (3). Prerequisites, GEOL 402 or equivalent, or permission of the instructor. Stratigraphic, sedimentologic, geochemical, petrologic, and paleontologic principles will be summarized. Emphasis is placed on both the techniques used in sedimentary geology and on the characteristics and processes that distinguish sedimentary environments. (On demand.) Fall. Staff.
704 [203] SEDIMENTARY GEOLOGY II (3). Prerequisite, GEOL 703. Continuation of GEOL 703. Spring. Staff.
705 [204] ADVANCED PETROLOGY I (3). Prerequisites, CHEM 102, MATH 233, PHYS 105, GEOL 404. Application of thermodynamics, phase equilibria, thermobarometry, radiogenic and stable isotope geology, and geochemical modeling to the study of igneous and metamorphic rocks and crustal evolution. Fall. Glazner, Coleman.
706 [205] ADVANCED PETROLOGY II (3). Prerequisite, GEOL 705. Continuation of GEOL 705. Spring. Glazner, Coleman.
707 [214] STRATIGRAPHIC MICROPALEONOTOLOGY: MESOZOIC CALCAREOUS NANNOFOSSILS (4).
709 [225] CLASTIC DEPOSITIONAL SYSTEMS: PROCESSES AND PRODUCTS (3). Prerequisite, GEOL 402. Examination of the use of lateral and vertical changes in sedimentary facies to identify depositional processes and environments of deposition within the terrestrial, marginal marine, shelf, and deep sea clastic depositional systems. These systems will be examined in a sequence stratigraphic framework. Spring. Bartek.
711 [246] ADVANCED MINERALOGY (3).
712 [257] ISOTOPE GEOCHEMISTRY (3). Prerequisites, GEOL 301, 404, 402, and CHEM 102. Survey of isotopic studies in geology; geochronology, crustal evolution, heat flow, paleotemperatures, origin of ore deposits. Spring (Alternate years). Coleman.
804 [264] ADVANCED IGNEOUS PETROLOGY (4).
805 [266] IGNEOUS GEOCHEMISTRY (4).
806 [265] METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY (4).
807 [279] PHYSICS OF EARTHQUAKES (3). Prerequisites, MATH 524, PHYS 211 or permission of the instructor. The earthquake source. Description. Moment tensor. Developments in the mathematical theory of seismic sources. Radiation patterns. Earthquake mechanisms and plate tectonics. Synthetic seismograms. Seismicity and self-organized criticality. (On demand.) Rial.
809 [280] TECTONOPHYSICS (3). Prerequisites, MATH 83, PHYS 201, 211, or permission of the instructor. Fundamental physical processes necessary for an understanding of plate tectonics; stress and strain in solids; elasticity and flexure; heat transfer; gravity; mantle rheology and convection. Fall. (Alternate years.) Lees, Rial.
851 [302] SEMINAR IN STRATIGRAPHY (1 or more). Offered as needed. Staff.
852 [306] SEMINAR IN PALEOECOLOGY (1 or more). Offered as needed. Staff.
853 [310] SEMINAR IN PALEONTOLOGY (1 or more). Offered as needed. Staff.
854 [318] SEMINAR IN CONTINENTAL MARGINS (1 or more). Offered as needed. Staff.
855 [320] SEMINAR IN SEDIMENTOLOGY (1 or more). Offered as needed. Staff.
856 [357] SEMINAR IN ISOTOPE GEOLOGY (1 or more). Offered as needed. Staff.
857 [345] SEMINAR IN GEOCHEMISTRY (1 or more). Offered as needed. Staff.
858 [360] SEMINAR IN PETROLOGY (1 or more). Offered as needed. Staff.
859 [372] SEMINAR IN ECONOMIC GEOLOGY (1 or more). Offered as needed. Staff.
860 [376] SEMINAR IN VOLCANOLOGY (3). All aspects of volcanism will be covered including seismology, geochemistry, deep structure, volcanic products and hazards. Readings of original papers will be stressed. Spring. Lees.
861 [380] SEMINAR IN GEOPHYSICS (1 or more). Offered as needed. Rial.
862 [381] SEMINAR IN SEISMOLOGY (1 or more). Offered as needed. Rial.
863 [382] SEMINAR IN STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY (1 or more). Offered as needed. Stewart.
864 [383] SEMINAR IN TECTONICS (1 or more). Offered as needed. Staff.
900 [392] RESEARCH IN GEOLOGY (3 or more).
992 [393] MASTER'S THESIS (Var.; minimum 3).
994 [394] DOCTORAL DISSERTATION (Var.; minimum 3).