Department of Marine Sciences

www.marine.unc.edu

BRENT A. MCKEE, Chair

Carol Arnosti, Associate Chair

John M. Bane, Director of Graduate Studies

Marc J. Alperin, Director of Graduate Admissions and Undergraduate Studies

Professors

Carol Arnosti (46) Marine Organic Geochemistry

John M. Bane (27) Physical Oceanography and Meteorology, Gulf Stream and Upwelling Dynamics

Larry K. Benninger (41) Sedimentary Geochemistry

Joseph G. Carter (34) Marine Paleoecology, Molluscan Systematics

Niels Lindquist (53) Chemical Ecology, Natural Products

Richard A. Luettich (48) Coastal Water Dynamics and Quality

Christopher S. Martens (10) Marine Geochemistry

Brent A. McKee Geochemistry/Geology of River-Ocean Environments, Sedimentary Geochemisty/Radiochemistry

Hans W. Paerl (39) Microbial Ecology

Charles H. Peterson (31) Ecology, Population Interactions

Frederic K. Pfaender (13) Microbiology

Andreas Teske (09) Microbial Systematics and Evolution; Microbial Ecology; Microbiology of Hydrothermal Vents and the Marine Subsurface

Associate Professors

Marc J. Alperin (51) Chemical Oceanography, Biogeochemistry

John Bruno (03) Coastal Ecology, Population Ecology

Rachel Noble (18) Dynamics of Marine Microbial Food Webs

Anthonio Rodriguez, Sedimentology, Marine and Coastal Geology

Alberto Scotti (07) Computational and Theoretical Fluid Dynamics, Statistical Mechanics, Mathematical Physics

Harvey E. Seim (06) Observational Physical Oceanography, Coastal and Estuarine Dynamics

Assistant Professors

Mike Piehler, Coastal Ecosystems and Estuarine Ecology

Justin Ries, Carbonate Geology/Biogeochemisty, Experimental Paleobiology

Brian L. White, Fluid Dynamics of Coastal Marine Systems, Hydrodynamics of Aquatic Vegetation, Gravity Currents, Shear Flows and Internal Waves

Research Assistant Professors

Dan Albert, Carbon Cycling in Sedimentary Environments, Organic Matter Decomposition in Anaerobic Systems

Barbara MacGregor, Microbial Ecology

Joint Research Assistant Professor

Thomas J. Shay (50) Gulf Stream Dynamics, Air-Sea Interaction, Turbulence

Faculty Emeriti

A. Conrad Neumann

Jan J. Kohlmeyer

Adjunct Faculty

Frederick M. Bingham (UNC-Wilmington, Physics), Circulation and Water Mass Transportation

Mark E. Hay (Georgia Tech), Marine Ecology

William M. Kier (Biology), Functional Morphology of Invertebrates, Biomechanics

Kenneth J. Lohmann (Biology), Sea Turtle Navigation, Neuroethology of Sea Slug Orientation, Lobster Homing and Navigation

Joseph Pawlik (UNC-Wilmington, Biology), Marine Ecology

Martin H. Posey (UNC-Wilmington, Biology), Population Dynamics of Marine Organisms

Stanley Riggs (East Carolina University, Geology), Marine and Coastal Geology, Sedimentology, Stratigraphy, Economic Geology

John J. W. Rogers (Geology), Geochemistry, Crustal Evolution

Stephen A. Skrabal (UNC-Wilmington, Chemistry), Trace Metal Geochemistry in Natural Waters

Mark D. Sobsey (Environmental Sciences), Environmental Health Microbiology

Robert H. Stavn (UNC-Greensboro, Biology,) Ocean Optical Properties

Joan D. Willey (UNC-Wilmington, Chemistry), Chemical Composition of Rainwater, Silica Geochemistry

The Department of Marine Sciences provides teaching and research in estuarine, coastal and oceanographic sciences, leading to M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in marine sciences. The two elements of the program are the Department of Marine Sciences (MASC) located in Chapman Hall on the Chapel Hill campus and the Institute of Marine Sciences (IMS) located on the waterfront in Morehead City, North Carolina. The Department of Marine Sciences is the degree granting unit; all marine sciences graduate students are enrolled in the department. Most IMS faculty have joint faculty appointments in the department, and this enables their participation in graduate student academic activities. Research programs in physical oceanography, marine biology and ecology, marine geochemistry, geological oceanography and coastal meteorology are conducted in North Carolina and throughout the world by faculty from the department and the IMS.

Courses and facilities at other coastal laboratories are also available to UNC-Chapel Hill marine sciences students through cooperative agreements. Courses at North Carolina State University and at Duke University may be taken for credit through an inter-institutional program. Oceanographic experience is available through the Duke/UNC Oceanographic Consortium on the 135-foot research vessel Cape Hatteras, as well as on other ships operated by other oceanographic institutions through the University National Oceanographic Laboratory System.

Each graduate student in the Department of Marine Sciences must gain a broad background in the marine sciences as well as an in-depth understanding of his or her own sub-discipline (e.g., chemical oceanography, etc.). This is accomplished by taking the four core courses, Geological Oceanography, Biological Oceanography, Chemical Oceanography and Physical Oceanography (MASC 503, 504, 505 and 506, respectively), and advanced courses determined by each student's advisory committee, as well as by participating in research that ultimately results in an M.S. thesis or a Ph.D. dissertation. By the end of the 24-month period that begins when the student first enrolls in the department, the student is expected to have completed the four core courses, How to Give a Seminar (MASC 705), Interdisciplinary Seminar (MASC 706), and to have taken a written comprehensive exam (M.S. students) in his or her subdiscipline. Further information on degree requirements may be found at www.marine.unc.edu.

Requirements for Admission

For admission to the Department of Marine Sciences, an undergraduate degree is required in a basic science such as physics, mathematics, chemistry, biology, bacteriology, botany, zoology, geology or in computer science or engineering. Students are advised to develop a broad undergraduate science major with as many as possible of the following courses: mathematics through calculus, computer science, physics, general and organic chemistry, physical chemistry, invertebrate zoology or paleontology, botany, zoology, ecology, physiology, geology and statistics.

Degree Requirements

Doctor of Philosophy. The academic program for a Ph.D. student will be supervised by a faculty advisory committee of at least five drawn from the graduate faculty. Course requirements normally include the four core courses, additional advanced courses determined by the student's advisory committee, one hour of MASC 705 How to Give a Seminar and one hour of MASC 706 Interdisciplinary Seminar. A waiver for one or more of the core courses can be arranged with approval of the student's advisory committee and the Department of Marine Sciences Performance Committee. Additional requirements include the presentation of a satisfactory research seminar, passing a comprehensive examination containing both written and oral parts, scientific research resulting in a written dissertation, which is defended by the student, a period of study or research at a marine station or participation on an oceanographic cruise and teaching experience sufficient to develop and demonstrate competence. Requirements for comprehensive examinations, admission to candidacy, residence credit, the dissertation and final oral examination are provided in the Marine Sciences Graduate Student Handbook and in the regulations found in The Graduate School Handbook (both available at marine.unc.edu).

Master of Science. The M.S. degree program is similar to the Ph.D. program except for the following: the advisory committee will be composed of three faculty members, the comprehensive examination is a written exam only and scientific research will result in a written thesis, to be defended by the student. Requirements for comprehensive examinations, admission to candidacy, residence credit, the dissertation and final oral examination are provided in the Marine Sciences Graduate Student Handbook and in the regulations found in The Graduate School Handbook (both available at marine.unc.edu).

Marine Sciences Core Courses

503 GEOLOGICAL OCEANOGRAPHY (GEOL 503) (4). Prerequisite, GEOL 101 or 111, or permission of the instructor. Ocean basin origin, continental margin development, coastal geology, carbonate platforms, and pelagic sediments are subjects covered; paleo-oceanographic reconstructions are emphasized. Three lecture and two recitation hours a week. Spring. Neumann.

504 BIOLOGICAL OCEANOGRAPHY (BIOL 657, ENVR 520) (4). Prerequisite, BIOL 201 or 475, or permission of the instructor. Physical, chemical and biological factors characterizing estuarine and marine environments. Emphasizes factors controlling animal and plant populations. Includes experimental approaches and methods of analysis, sampling and identification. Three lecture and two recitation hours a week. Spring. Staff.

505 CHEMICAL OCEANOGRAPHY (ENVR 505, GEOL 505) (4). Prerequisite, one semester of physical chemistry or CHEM 480, or permission of the instructor. Overview of chemical processes in the ocean. Topics include physical chemistry of seawater, major element cycles, hydrothermal vents, geochemical tracers, air-sea gas exchange, particle transport, sedimentary processes and marine organic geochemistry. Three lecture and two recitation hours a week. Fall. Alperin, Arnosti, Martens.

506 PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY (GEOL 506) (4). Prerequisites, MATH 231, 232; PHYS 104, 105; or permission of the instructor. Descriptive regional oceanography, equations of motion, the Ekman layer, wind-driven currents, thermohaline circulation, modern observations, waves, tides. Three lecture and two recitation hours a week. Fall. Bane, Seim.

Other Marine Sciences Courses

101 [12] THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT (GEOL 103) (3). Introduction to natural science emphasizing physical, chemical, biological and geological phenomena in oceanic and coastal environments. Human use of, and impact on, marine resources. (Science majors see MASC 401.) Fall and spring. Staff.

223 [123] (3). GEOLOGY OF BEACHES AND COASTS (GEOL 223) (3). Introduction to coastal processes, including waves, tidal currents, tectonics, climate and human activity, and their influence on barrier islands, beaches, dunes, marshes and estuaries. Involves a field trip to the Outer Banks of North Carolina.

401 [101] OCEANOGRAPHY (BIOL 350, ENVR 417, GEOL 403) (3). Prerequisites, major in a natural science or at least two college-level courses in natural sciences. The origin of ocean basins, chemistry and dynamics of seawater, biological communities and processes, the sedimentary record and the history of oceanography. Term paper. Intended for students with college science background; other students should see MASC 101. Three lecture hours a week. Fall and spring. Staff.

410 [111] EARTH PROCESSES IN ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS (ENST 410, GEOL 410) (4). Prerequisites, CHEM 102, GEOL 111 or 213, MATH 231, PHYS 105 or 117, or permission of the instructor. Principles of geological and related Earth systems sciences are applied to the analysis of environmental phenomena. The link between the lithosphere and other environmental compartments is explored through case studies of environmental issues. Three lecture hours and one laboratory hour a week.

411 [112] OCEANIC PROCESSES IN ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS (ENST 411, GEOL 411) (4). Prerequisites, BIOL 101, CHEM 102, ENST 222, MATH 231, PHYS 105 or 117, or permission of the instructor. Principles of analysis of the ocean, coast and estuarine environments and the processes that control these environments are applied to the analysis of environmental phenomena. The link between the hydrosphere and other environmental compartments is explored through case studies of environmental issues. Three lecture hours and one laboratory hour a week.

415 [116] ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS MODELING (ENST 415, ENVR 461, GEOL 415) (3). Prerequisites, MATH 383, PHYS 105 or 117 (may be taken concurrently), or permission of the instructor. Methods for developing explanatory and predictive models of environmental processes are explored. Includes discussion of the relevant scientific modes of analysis, mathematical methods, computational issues and visualization techniques. Two lecture hours and one computer laboratory hour a week.

430 [125] COASTAL SEDIMENTARY ENVIRONMENTS (GEOL 430) (3). Prerequisite, GEOL 402. Introduction to modern shallow-water clastic environments and their sediments, emphasizing barrier islands, deltas, estuaries, wetlands and tidal flats. Includes local field trips and discussion/application of data-collecting techniques. Fall. Staff.

431 [133] MICROPALEONTOLOGY (GEOL 431) (4). Prerequisite, GEOL 478, MASC 440, or permission of the instructor. An in-depth study of the biostratigraphy, paleoecology, and taxonomy of various microfossil groups (i.e., foraminifera, ostracodes, conodonts, coccoliths, radiolaria, diatoms, acritarchs, dinoflagellates, etc.) dependent upon individual student objectives. Three lecture and three laboratory hours a week.

436 [136] COASTAL PROCESSES (4). An interdisciplinary description and analysis of environmental processes that form and maintain coastal habitats. Coastal aspects of geology, fluid dynamics, chemistry and biology are considered. Two lectures per week and two coastal field trips.

440 MARINE ECOLOGY (BIOL 462) (3). Prerequisite, BIOL 201 or 475. Survey of the ecological processes that structure marine communities in a range of coastal habitats. Course emphasizes experimental approaches to addressing basic and applied problems in marine systems. Fall. Bruno.

442 [148] MARINE BIOLOGY (BIOL 457) (3). Prerequisite, BIOL 201 or 475; MASC 101; or permission of the instructor. A survey of plants and animals that live in the sea: characteristics of marine habitats, organisms and the ecosystems will be emphasized. Marine environment, the organisms involved and the ecological systems that sustain them. Fall. Staff.

445 [150] MARINE INVERTEBRATE BIOLOGY (BIOL 475) (4). Prerequisites, BIOL 101 and 101L and one additional course in biology. An introduction to the major animal phyla emphasizing form, function, behavior, ecology, evolution and classification of marine invertebrates. Three lecture and three laboratory hours per week. Spring. Lohmann, Podolsky.

448 [135] COASTAL AND ESTUARINE ECOLOGY (ENST 472) (4). Prerequisites, CHEM 102 and MATH 231. A field intensive study of the ecology of marine organisms and their interactions with their environment, including commercially important organisms. Laboratory/recitation/field work is included and contributes two credit hours to the course.

449 [137] ECOLOGY OF WETLANDS (ENVR 449) (4). Prerequisites, one year of biology, one year of chemistry, one semester of ecology and permission of the instructor. An introduction to the functioning of freshwater and estuarine marsh and swamp ecosystems, with emphasis on systems of the southeastern U.S. Fall. Staff.

450 [119] INTRODUCTION TO BIOGEOCHEMICAL PROCESSES (ENST 450, ENVR 415, GEOL 450) (4). Prerequisites CHEM 251 or 261, MATH 231, PHYS 105 or 117, or permission of the instructor. Principles of chemistry, biology and geology are applied to analysis of the fate and transport of materials in environmental systems, with an emphasis on those materials that form the most significant cycles. The course examines these processes in systems that contain the hydrosphere, lithosphere, atmosphere and biosphere. Three lecture hours and one lab hour a week. Fall. (Alternate years.) Arnosti, Martens.

470 [154] ESTUARINE AND COASTAL MARINE SCIENCE (4). Prerequisites, MATH 231 and either CHEM 101 or PHYS 104. Introduction to the estuarine and coastal environment: geomorphology, physical circulation, nutrient loading, primary and secondary production, carbon and nitrogen cycling, benthic processes and sedimentation. Consideration given to human impact on coastal systems with emphasis on North Carolina estuaries and sounds. Includes a mandatory weekend field trip. Three lecture and two recitation hours a week. Fall. Alperin.

471 [134] HUMAN IMPACTS ON ESTUARINE ECOSYSTEMS (ENST 471) (4). Prerequisites, CHEM 102 and MATH 231. A cohesive examination of the human impacts on biological processes in estuarine ecosystems. Laboratory/recitation/field work is included and contributes two credit hours to the course.

472 BARRIER ISLAND ECOLOGY AND GEOLOGY (6). Prerequisites, courses in general ecology or geology, or permission of the instructor. An integration of barrier island plant and animal ecology within the context of physical processes and geomorphological change. Emphasis on management and impact of human interference with natural processes. Summer. Peterson and Rodriguez.

480 [152] MODELING OF MARINE AND EARTH SYSTEMS (ENVR 480, GEOL 480) (1–3). Prerequisite, MATH 232 or permission of the instructor. Mathematical modeling of dynamic systems, linear and nonlinear. The fundamental budget equation. Case studies in modeling transport, biogeochemical processes, population dynamics. Analytical and numerical techniques; chaos theory; fractal geometry. Spring. Rial, Scotti, Werner.

483 [129] GEOLOGIC AND OCEANOGRAPHIC APPLICATIONS OF GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS (GEOL 483) (4). Prerequisites, four GEOL courses or permission of the instructor. Focus is on applying GIS concepts and techniques to mining and petroleum geology, resource assessment, hydrogeology, coastal and marine geology, physical oceanography, engineering geology and a geologic perspective on land use. Three lecture and two laboratory hours a week. Spring. Staff.

490 SPECIAL TOPICS IN MARINE SCIENCES FOR UNDERGRADUATES AND GRADUATES (2–4). Prerequisites, science background and permission of the instructor. Directed readings, laboratory, and/or field study of marine science topics not covered in scheduled courses.

499 EXPERIMENTAL COURSE FOR GRADUATES (2–4).

503 [103] GEOLOGICAL OCEANOGRAPHY (GEOL 503) (4). Prerequisite, GEOL 101 or 111, or permission of the instructor. Ocean basin origin, continental margin development, coastal geology, carbonate platforms and pelagic sediments are subjects covered; paleo-oceanographic reconstructions are emphasized. Three lecture and two recitation hours a week.

504 [104] BIOLOGICAL OCEANOGRAPHY (BIOL 657, ENVR 520) (4). Prerequisite, BIOL 201 or 475, or permission of the instructor. Physical, chemical and biological factors characterizing estuarine and marine environments. Emphasizes factors controlling animal and plant populations. Includes experimental approaches and methods of analysis, sampling and identification. Three lecture and two recitation hours a week.

505 [105] CHEMICAL OCEANOGRAPHY (ENVR 505, GEOL 505) (4). Prerequisite, one semester of physical chemistry or CHEM 480, or permission of the instructor. Overview of chemical processes in the ocean. Topics include physical chemistry of seawater, major element cycles, hydrothermal vents, geochemical tracers, air-sea gas exchange, particle transport, sedimentary processes, and marine organic geochemistry. Three lecture and two recitation hours a week.

506 [106] PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY (GEOL 506) (4). Prerequisites, MATH 231, 232; PHYS 104, 105; or permission of the instructor. Descriptive regional oceanography, equations of motion, the Ekman layer, wind-driven currents, thermohaline circulation, modern observations, waves, tides. Three lecture and two recitation hours a week.

550 [140] BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLING (GEOL 550) (3). Prerequisites, ENVR 421; GEOL 510, 512, 655; MASC 440, 505; or permission of the instructor. Biogeochemical cycling explores interfaces of marine, aquatic, atmospheric and geological sciences emphasizing processes controlling chemical distributions in sediments, fresh and salt water, the atmosphere and fluxes among these reservoirs. Fall and spring. Martens, Arnosti, Teske.

551 [143] BIOGEOCHEMICAL TECHNIQUES (2). Pre- or corequisite, MASC 505. Introduction to fundamental techniques used in biogeochemical research including sampling, instrumental and wet chemical analytical measurements, use of stable isotopes and rate measurements using radioactive tracers. Spring. Albert.

552 [144] ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY (ENVR 552, GEOL 552) (3). Prerequisite, CHEM 261 or MASC 505, or permission of the instructor. Sources, transformations and fate of natural organic matter in marine environments. Emphasis on interplay of chemical, biological and physical processes that affect organic matter composition, distribution and turnover. Fall. (Alternate years.) Arnosti.

553 [145] GEOCHEMISTRY (GEOL 512) (3). Prerequisites, CHEM 102, GEOL 101 or 111, or permission of the instructor. Introduction to the application of chemical principles to geological problems, with emphasis on isotope methods. Spring. (Alternate years.) Benninger.

560 [151] FLUID DYNAMICS (ENVR 452, GEOL 560, PHYS 660) (3). Prerequisite, PHYS 301 or permission of the instructor. The physical properties of fluids, kinematics, governing equations, viscous incompressible flow, vorticity dynamics, boundary layers, irrotational incompressible flow. Three lecture hours a week. Fall. Scotti.

561 [153] TIME SERIES AND SPATIAL DATA ANALYSIS (3). Prerequisites, differential and integral calculus. Three components: statistics and probability, time series analysis and spatial data analysis. Harmonic analysis, nonparametric spectral estimation, filtering, objective analysis, empirical orthogonal functions. Spring. (Alternate years.) Seim.

562 TURBULENT BOUNDARY LAYERS (3). Prerequisite, MASC 506 or 560 or permission of the instructor. Turbulence and transport in near-bottom boundary regions. Turbulence and mixing theory in boundary layers. Field deployment and recovery of turbulence measuring instruments. Data analysis from turbulence measurements. (Alternate summers.) Scotti.

563 DESCRIPTIVE PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY (GEOL 563) (3). Prerequisite, MASC 506 or permission of the instructor. Observed structure of the large-scale and mesoscale ocean circulation and its variability, based on modern observations. In-situ and remote sensing techniques, hydrographic structure, circulation patterns, ocean-atmosphere interactions. Spring. (Alternate years.) Bane, Seim.

705 HOW TO GIVE A SEMINAR (1).

706 [206] SEMINAR IN OCEANOGRAPHY (1). Discussion of theories and contemporary research in ocean systems. Topics stress interactions between physical, chemical, geological and biological processes in the sea. For graduate students in marine sciences. Students who enroll must present an interdisciplinary seminar. Fall and spring. Staff.

741 [248] SEMINAR IN MARINE BIOLOGY (2). Discussion of selected literature in the field of marine biology, ecology and evolution. Fall, spring or summer. Bruno.

742 [147] MOLECULAR POPULATION BIOLOGY (BIOL 758) (4). Prerequisites, BIOL 471 and permission of the instructor. Hands-on training, experience and discussion of the application of molecular genetic tools to questions of ecology, evolution, systematics and conservation.

750 [250] MODELING DIAGENETIC PROCESSES (3). Prerequisite, MASC 480 or permission of the instructor. An introduction to the theory and application of modeling biogeochemical processes in sediments. Diagenetic theory, numerical techniques and examples of recently developed sediment models. Three lecture hours a week. Spring. (Alternate years.) Alperin.

761 [251] GEOPHYSICAL FLUID DYNAMICS (3). Prerequisite, MASC 560, MATH 528 or permission of the instructor. Momentum equations in a rotating reference frame, vorticity, potential vorticity, circulation, the shallow water model, Rossby and Kelvin waves, the Ekman layer. Three lecture hours a week. Spring. (Alternate years.) Bane, Seim, Scotti.

762 [252] OCEAN CIRCULATION THEORY (3). Prerequisite, MASC 506, MASC 560, MATH 529, or permission of the instructor. Theories, models of large-scale dynamics of ocean circulation. Potential vorticity, quasi-geostrophy, instabilities. Fall. (Alternate years.) Bane, Seim, Scotti, Werner.

763 [253] COASTAL CIRCULATION (3). Prerequisite, MASC 506, MASC 560, MATH 529, or permission of the instructor. Dynamics of the coastal ocean. Shallow water equations, boundary layer and long wave theory, wind driven circulation, fronts, estuaries. Fall. (Alternate years.) Werner, Luettich, Seim.

764 [254] OCEAN CIRCULATION MODELING (3). Prerequisite, MASC 506, MATH 529, or permission of the instructor. Computational methods used in modeling oceanic circulation. Numerical solution of equations governing mass, momentum and energy equations. Spring. (Alternate years.) Werner.

765 [255] SMALL-SCALE PHYSICS OF THE OCEAN (3). Prerequisites, MASC 506, MASC 560. Physics of sub-mesoscale processes in the ocean. Nonequilibrium thermodynamics. Air-sea interaction. Mixing in the ocean boundary layer, convection, double diffusion. Near-inertial and high frequency internal waves. Three lecture hours a week. Spring. (Alternate years.) Seim, Shay.

781 [221] NUMERICAL ODE/PDE I (MATH 761, ENVR 761) (3). Single, multistep methods for ODEs: stability regions, the root condition; stiff systems, backward difference formulas; two-point BVPs; stability theory; finite difference methods for linear advection diffusion equations. Fall. Staff.

782 [222] NUMERICAL ODE/PDE II (MATH 762, ENVR 762) (3). Elliptic equation methods (finite differences, elements, integral equations); hyperbolic conservation law methods (Lax-Friedrich, characteristics, entropy condition, shock tracking/capturing); spectral, pseudo-spectral methods; particle methods, fast summation, fast multipole/vortex methods. Spring. Staff.

783 [228] MATHEMATICAL MODELING I (MATH 768, ENVR 763) (3). Nondimensionalization and identification of leading order physical effects with respect to relevant scales and phenomena; deviation of classical models of fluid mechanics (lubrication, slender filament, thin filing, Stokes flow); deviation of weakly nonlinear envelope equations. Fall. Staff.

784 [229] MATHEMATICAL MODELING II (MATH 769, ENVR 764) (3). Current models in science and technology: topics ranging from material science applications (e.g., flow of polymers and LCPs); geophysical applications (e.g., ocean circulation, quasi-geostrophic models, atmospheric vortices). Spring. Staff.

940 [300] RESEARCH IN MARINE SCIENCES (2 or more).

992 [393] MASTER'S THESIS (3 or more).

994 [394] DOCTORAL DISSERTATION (3 or more).

Courses in other departments that are considered appropriate for a graduate major in marine sciences:

BIOL 201 ECOLOGY AND POPULATION BIOLOGY. Staff.

BIOL 475 INVERTEBRATE ZOOLOGY. Lohman.

BIOL 451 COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY. Kier.

BIOL 451L COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY LABORATORY. Kier.

BIOL 453 ANIMAL SOCIETIES AND COMMUNICATION. Wiley.

BIOL 455 NEUROETHOLOGY. Lohmann.

BIOL 478 INVERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY. Carter.

BIOL 551 COMPARATIVE BIOMECHANICS. Kier.

BIOL 565 CONSERVATION BIOLOGY. White.

BIOL 663 POPULATION ECOLOGY. Stiven.

BIOL 663L LABORATORY IN POPULATION ECOLOGY. Stiven.

BIOL 666 COMMUNITY AND SYSTEMS ECOLOGY. Riece.

BIOL 666L COMMUNITY AND SYSTEMS ECOLOGY LABORATORY. Riece.

ENVR 421 SOURCES, TRANSPORT AND FATE OF ENVIRONMENTALLY IMPORTANT MATERIALS. Staff.

ENVR 422 ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY. Pfaender.

ENVR 442 LIMNOLOGY AND WATER POLLUTION. Staff.

ENVR 522 CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM IN NATURAL WATERS. Johnson, Singer.

ENVR 523 ORGANIC MATERIALS IN NATURAL WATERS. Christman.

ENVR 524 ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY. Charles.

ENVR 770 BIOLOGY MONITORING. Pfaender.

GEOL 509 GROUNDWATER. Benninger.

GEOL 510 GEOCHEMISTRY OF NATURAL WATERS. Benninger.

GEOL 518 GEODYNAMICS. Rogers.

GEOL 519 HISTORY OF THE EARTH. Rogers.

GEOL 655 PHYSICAL GEOCHEMISTRY. Benninger.

GEOL 707 STRATIGRAPHIC PALEONTOLOGY: MESOZOIC CALCAREOUS NANNOFOSSILS.

GEOL 708 STRATIGRAPHIC PALEONTOLOGY: CENOZOIC CALCAREOUS NANNOFOSSILS.

MATH 523 FUNCTIONS OF A COMPLEX VARIABLE WITH APPLICATIONS. Cima.

MATH 524 ELEMENTARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS. Hawkins, Petersen, Murphy.

MATH 528 MATHEMATICAL MODELS FOR THE PHYSICAL SCIENCES I.

MATH 529 MATHEMATICAL MODELS FOR THE PHYSICAL SCIENCES II. Kerzman.

PHYS 301 MECHANICS I. Hernandez.

PHYS 341 HEAT AND THERMODYNAMICS. Wu.