ViragoWitch:

MERRY MEET, AND WELCOME TO WICCA 101. I'M FILLING IN FOR MORRIGAN WHILE SHE RECOVERS FROM CHILDBIRTH, SO PLEASE BEAR WITH ME, FOLKS.
TONIGHT'S CLASS IS ON AROMOTHERAPY, OFFERED BY ELENYA:. AS ALWAYS... PLEASE KEEP SIDE REMARKS, GREETINGS, ETC, IN INSTANT MESSAGE... UNTIL DISCUSSION IS CALLED FOR. AND IF EXCLUSION IS CALLED FOR, PLEASE EXCLUDE WITHOUT COMMENT.
AND NOW... I HAND THE FLOOR TO YOU, ELENYA:!

ELENYA:

Thanks, VW

Tonight's offering is the basic history and fundamentals of Aromatherapy.. There is nothing quite like the sense of smell to recall memories of people, places or times gone by. To this day, when I catch the scentof gingerbread, I can close my eyes and be back in my grandmother's kitchen learning how to bake. The smell of lavender and oranges evokes memories of my mother teaching me how to hand make sachets and pomanders. The smell of popcorn and cotton candy may take us back to a county fair, while the antiseptic smells may evoke painful memories of a visit to the doctor or dentist.

Smell is the most sensitive of our perceptions and we have both the longest and strongest recall for olfactory memories. When we first encounter an aroma, we create a memory of it which is intimately connected to other memories of whatever is occuring at the time. When that aroma is encountered again, even years later, the associated memories are re-experienced. We can be transported across miles and through time, simply by inhaling a fragrance. We may not even remember the exact situation but, because of the scent, we experience an emotional reaction. The power of aroma is very strong.

"Aromatherapy" is the branch of Herbalism which involves the use of essential oils and herbs as an aid to our physical, emotional and spiritual well-being. People have delved into exploring the effects of these wonderful essences since the beginning of time, and in recent years its popularity has grown. You may well have practiced Aromatherapy at home without even being aware of it. By applying a drop of oil to perfume your body or by rubbing some oil on a lightbulb, you are practicing a form of Aromatherapy. Burning scented candles and lighting incense are both forms of Aromatherapy, as is taking a ritual bath with scented oils.

While they are well known as the base of popular perfume scents, use of essential oils dates back thousands of years. Since the beginning of man, the use of fragrance has been practiced in one form or another. Early hunter-gatherers found that by burning certain woods and leaves, the smoke would hold predators at bay. Our ancient ancestors gathered together and burned sacred plants in ritual fires to honor the Goddesses and Gods. The smoke released during these ceremonies also heightened individuals' spiritual involvement, sometimes inducing a trance-like state. The foundation was here lain for the word perfume, derived from the Latin "per fumen", meaning "through the smoke". In the East there is a strong tradition of herbal compounding and use of aroma. In the Hindu scriptures, the Vedas, there are many references made to the use of aromatics for liturgical and therapeutic purposes. The Chinese Yellow Book of Internal Medicine, written in 2696 BC, describes aromatic herbs and their various uses. Physicians used floral waters to disinfect and purify themselves and their surroundings. Sandalwood, camphor and rosewater were used to fortify the mind and body. Many ancient cultures regarded incense as a mediator between worshipper and deity.

The earliest fragrances were in the form of ointments and incenses. As early as 2700 BC, Egyptian papyri recorded the use of herbs and oils for annointing the infirm, and in ceremonies, astrology and embalming. To this day, archaeologists still uncover tombs which contain the scents of embalment elixirs. The Greeks followed, adding cosmetic and medicinal uses for the oils and flowers. A preparation known as Theriaque, which contained myrrh, cinnamon, cassia and juniper was considered a panacea until the emergence of modern western medicine in the 19th century. Hippocrates said, "The way to good health is to have an aromatic bath and scented massage each day." The Hebrews used fragrances to consecrate their temples, altars and priests. The Romans earned quite a reputation for being great bathers; they knew the benefits of natural spa waters and aromatic massage. Susinun, a blend of white lilies, roses, saffron, and myrrh originated in Athens and enjoyed wide-spread use. Aroma was accepted to have the power of purification, and the saps of holy trees were used in ritual practices. Many resins and incenses are still widely used in churches and rituals today.

The spread of Islam also brought expanded knowledge and appreciation of fragrance. Prayer beads were made from resin and rose petals, whose potent scent was released when held in one's hand. Arab alchemists worked extensively with essential oils and published many books on aromatic lore, baths, powders and salves. As Trade routes were established, herbs and spices became commodity items. As these routes expanded, supplies of each continent's fragrance goods became more popular and more in demand. The upper classes used fragrances lavishly and their value soared.

Marco Polo, in his journeys to China, traded directly with the Chinese and avoided the Moslem middlemen, thus lowering prices for Europeans. The Portuguese, by establishing a sea route around Africa, made India's abundant fragrances more accessible - both geographically and financially. The fragrant perfumes of Arabia were carried back to Europe during the Crusades by the knights. People would carry about bags of aromatics to cover their body odors, and carried bouquets of herbs to fight off illness and the odors of the streets. It was customary to throw lavender, thyme and chamomile flowers on the floor, as they gave off a wonderful aroma when walked upon. Although unknown to them, these herbs have antibacterial properties which aid in preventing the spread of infection. Throughout the years, fires of aromatic woods were lit to deter the spread of infectious diseases, such as the plague. Sweet incenses and perfumes were added to the blazes, as their pungent aromas covered the stench of rotting bodies. Bathing came to be felt a dangerous source of infection and many public baths were closed for this reason. Aromatic lotions and vinegars were used to clean the body and to fight disease.

Columbus helped Spain's role in the spice trade by supplying previously unknown fragrances and spices from the New World. The America's were fertile with fragrant treasures, as well as the herbal knowledge of the Native Americans, whose history of burning incense and using scented ointments in their daily lives and rituals went back hundreds of generations. France, Italy and England became dominant as the western world's makers and suppliers of perfume. Fragrant waters and powders were used on the hair, skin and clothing. Dried herbs and perfumes were kept in elaborate bottles and porcelain containers. The 16th century brought forth many books on alchemy and the art of perfume making. Napoleon was well known for his love of scent, sometimes going through several bottles of perfume a day.

In the 17th century, Herbalism was becoming increasingly suspect because of its association with Witchcraft and Magic. Even long respected village healers were feared because they had "powers" that most people simply did not understand. The church believed that this power was being stolen from its priests. The church used the issue of power to create fear and this fear culminated in the Witch burnings. As herbal knowledge was suppressed and forgotten, the medical establishment began replacing natural forms of medication with poor synthetic and chemical substitutes. France became the leader in re-establishing the therapeutic use of fragrance. The term "Aromatherapy" was first used in 1928 by Rene-Maurice Gattefosse, a French chemist who wrote "Antiseptiques Essentials", the first book of modern times upon this subject. He became interested in the therapeutic aspects of healing plants when he badly burned his hand and put it in the nearest container of cold liquid, which happened to be lavender oil. Amazed at how quickly the pain subsided and the skin healed after this "treatment", he yearned to learn more. His research led him to discover that essential oils applied to the skin are absorbed and interact with body's internal chemistry. His work and writings were instrumental in the resurgence of herbal medicine in the western world.

Others were inspired by Gottefosse's work and brought Aromatherapy into modern times. During World War II, the French surgeon Jean Valnet worked with essential oils in the treatment of wounds, but also found success in treating mental disorders. His treatments focused upon aromatic baths and both the external and internal application of oils. Combined with a strict dietary regiman, both physical and mental symptoms were relieved, usually within a matter of days. His book, "The Practice of Aromatherapy" was instrumental in gaining acceptance for the medicinal uses of essential oils. In the 1950's, an Austrian biochemist/cosmetologist began experiments combining essential oils with massage. Marguerite Maury diluted essential oils in vegetable oils and massaged them into the skin. She developed techniques for massaging these oils near nerve centers and used varying oils depending upon the emotional and physical needs of the recipients. She openned an Aromatherapy clinic in London during the 1960's and wrote the book, "The Secret of Youth and Life". Inspired by these pioneers was British Aromatherapist Robert Tisserand, whose popular book "The Art of Aromatherapy" was published in 1977 and was particularly successful in fostering American interest in the therapeutic properties of essential oils. Today there are numerous books and courses available on the subject. Western science is beginning to accept the benefits of essential oils. Aromatherapy is becoming an accepted alternative form of healing.

Everyone with me so far? Any questions?

ViragoWitch:

So far, yes.

Nestor:

excellent ELENYA

Nestor:

meli...wake up {g}

melilot:

{-----------behaving

ELENYA:

OK...enough history, now some science Essential oils are the fragrant essences extracted from the cells of herbs, plants and trees. These oils are 75 - 100 times more concentrated than dry herbs or flowers. These oils act as plants' immune systems and are the vital forces plants use to heal themselves. There are many methods of extraction but it is usually accomplished by steam distillation. Pure essential oils are expensive, as some require over 100 pounds of a particular plant material to produce a pound of plant essence. While they may be costly, a small amount goes a long way and will keep for many months if stored properly, thus making them much more cost effective. Essential oils emit bioelectrical frequencies which are several times greater than those found in herbs or food. Measured in Hertz (Hz) or cycles per second the frequencies of essential oils range from a low of 52 Hz to a maximum of 320 Hz. The healthy human body vibrates within a frequency range of 62 to 78 Hz. Disease is associated with the body's frequencies falling below 58 Hz; thus, by using oils to increase the body's frequency, one can create an environment in which bacteria and viruses can not survive.

There are three grades of essential oils sold: A, B and C. Approximately 90% of the oils sold in the US are grade C. Only grade A oils vibrate in the maximum frequency range and have the full health benefits attributed to a given essential oil. It is of utmost importance to know the quality of oils that you purchase.

The scents of essential oils are conveyed through the nasal passage to the olfactory nerve areas of the limbic system in the brain. Limbic reaction to scent can influence emotional and hormonal responses, as well as heart rate, body temperature and immune response. The limbic area also affects hunger, sexuality, intuition and memory. Essential oils may be applied directly to the skin through massage oils and baths. When used in this manner, the oils' first effect is upon the sense of smell. They are then absorbed into the body and have a direct healing influence upon the nervous and musculoskeletal systems and upon the skin and internal organs.

Because particular oils have specific properties, they may be used to address physical, emotional and spiritual needs at once. The holistic effects of essential oils make them desirable in the practice of magic. Oils enhance brain wave functions, improving psychic and spiritual awareness, and working directly with the sensory-motor system, thus bringing balance to the body. Specific chemical components of various oils have antibacterial, antiviral antifungal, and antiparasitic qualities. Oils have been proven to support the immune system in acting as an antiseptic and healing agent. Pagans and Witches have always revered the virtues of fragrances. We realize that they are a form of communication directly affecting the subconscious functions of the brain. In this manner, scents evoke primal emotions and foster awareness. Essential oils may be used to manifest energy to attract or repel certain influences. By annointing our bodies, ritual tools and our circles, we can help to induce visions, call up energies and bring magical changes to our lives. By learning the meanings and effects of fragrances, we can enhance and enrich our ritual work as well as our everyday lives.

Before beginning any work with essential oils, I will caution you regarding their use. Essential oils are highly concentrated and should only be used with extreme care. Before using any of these oils as a perfume base or in a massage oil, I suggest that you test yourself to be certain that you are not sensitive to it. Even though you may have shown no previous reaction to certain herbs or flowers, you may to their oils as they have different properties. You may react differently to them. A good way to tell whether you are allergic to a particular oil is by doing a "patch test". Dissolve a drop of essential oil in 1/4 teaspoon of carrier oil (such as almond or olive). Apply a bit on the skin at the inside of your elbow or on your neck behind your earlobe If you have had no reaction after 12 hours, you can assume that you may safely use this oil - just remember that all essential oils are highly concentrated and should always be used with caution. Any questions so far?

melilot:

essential oils...

ELENYA:

Yes, Meli?

melilot:

i use lavender to remove risdue from the patch should i not do this since it is an essential oil should i dilute it? To some people it would be too strong for their skin... I don't have problems using it straight...

ELENYA:

doesn't bother me so i guess i'm safe too {g}. But then, we're pretty thick-skinned {g}

melilot:

LOL

ViragoWitch:

So most essential oils are highly concentrated?

ELENYA:

Everybody's reactions are different... there's no set rule here
Aye, VW... the essence of a plant concentrated about a hundred times

ViragoWitch:

wow... that explains why they're so expensive, then.

melilot:

and why they work so well vw {g}

ELENYA:

Yes... a little goes a long way {g} OK... ack to the oils themselves. Know the properties of the oils you intend to use before using them. People with certain health problems, such as asthma, high blood pressure and heart disease should exercise caution when using certain oils so as not to aggravate these conditions. Other oils may cause skin sensitivity when exposed to sunlight. Children and pregnant women should also use oils with extreme caution. Some oils are toxic when used incorrectly. Overexposure to essential oils, either through the skin, nose or when taken internally, can cause nausea and headaches. Oils should also be kept from contact with sensitive areas such as the eyes. Get a good book on Aromatherapy that goes into detail and read up on the oils you intend to use before beginning! Though natural, oils aren't without side effects.

ViragoWitch:

Question: Should you get an allergic reaction from an oil, how should it be treated? IE, is it safe to treat it yourself, or should you call/visit your doctor?

LionVoice:

I really, really hope there are some benefits to the aroma of tobacco and Scotch -g-

ELENYA:

If it's respiratory reaction, a walk in the fresh air will help the symptoms subside. If it's skin reaction...wash area with water and apply hydrocortisone. But of course, Lion... to each their own {g} I will also state for the record that, while oils and plant extracts have been used for centuries for their therapeutic properties, they should NOT be tried as a substitute for medical care of severe or lingering illness. Used properly, essential oils have many and varied benefits. Depending upon the oils

melilot:

could you recommend a good starter book?

ELENYA:

you select, they can relieve stress and enhance relaxation, relieve pain, soften and beautify your skin, bolster immune response, fight infection directly and even inhibit the symptoms of PMS. Aromatherapy is a way of keeping the balance between body, mind and spirit.
Will be giving a list in a minute, Meli
Odor classification is the first major consideration in developing your knowledge of essential oils. In "The Art of Perfumery", Charles Piesse compares scents with sounds. Different scents, or notes, affect individuals in different degrees. He compares the octaves of odors to those of music, and notes that by blending odors which "harmonize" one may create "sounds" of scent. Fragrances have a scale of top, middle and base notes. So long as you blend oils of a

LionVoice:

Seriously, Elenya, I find I really enjoy the aroma of natural vanilla. Know anything about it's effects?

ELENYA:

particular chord together, you will have a harmonious outcome to your fragrance. Top notes evaporate quickly and reach the nose immediately. Middle notes create the "body" of the fragrance and base notes linger longer and "ground" the blend. Fragrances may also be divided according to the following classification system:
Flowery: such as geranium, jasmine, lavender and ylang ylang;
Earthy: such as carrot seed, patchouli and vetiver;
Herbal: such as juniper, rosemary and sage;
Sweet: such as basil, lavender, orange and ylang- ylang;
Woodsy: such as cedarwood, patchouli and vetiver;
Relaxing: such as basil, geranium, lavender and orange;
Stimulating: such as clary sage, eucalyptus, peppermint and rosemary; and
Aphrodisiac: such as amber, carrot seed, cypress, and patchouli.

The fragrances of essential oils have connections with the days of the week, the four seasons, lunar cycles, and the elements. Essential oils have affinities with crystals and stones, as well as each of the planets and signs of the Zodiac. Because authorities differ as to which oils best represent the magical energies of these attributions, it is best to try out different combinations of oils to find those which work best for your meditations and spellwork. There are many methods of using essential oils to enhance and enrich your life. These include massage, aromatic baths, vaporization/diffusion, and direct inhalation. You can make your own annointing and massage oils, bath salts, incenses, scented candles, potpourris, sachets, cosmetics and herbal remedies. You will find that in addition to being able to blend the exact scents you want to use for a specific purpose, you will save a significant amount of money by making these products for your own use.

When working with essential oils, as with any herbal substance, be sure to use CLEAN glass, ceramic or stainless steel containers while blending. Never use aluminum, as it will degrade the therapeutic effects of the essences. Always thoroughly clean your bowls, measuring cups, spoons and any other equipment before each use and between use with each separate oil. You do not want the fragrances and properties from separate oils and blends to mingle. You also do not want to use these same items for food preparation. There is a wonderful web site that contains a great primer on Aromatherapy, including a directory of essential oils, their uses, recipes, etc. You will find Frontier Herbs at "http://www.frontierherb.com".

Well, those are the basics {g}. I'll be doing a follow-up class to go into the properties of specific oils and to give recipes for some massage oils, bath salts, incense, household scents and other Aromatherapy items sometime during January or February.

Nestor:

well thanks Elenya -- that was just great and I will be looking forward to those classes too

ViragoWitch:

Thanks, Elenya, for a fabulous class!

ELENYA:

Thanks, Nestor
Thank YOU VW

breezerider:

Very good class!

ELENYA:

Lion, you had a question about vanilla earlier?

melilot:

wonderful class el don't want to wait til jan or feb want rest NOW look into that further

ViragoWitch:

I remember reading that that vanilla is supposed to be an appetite suppressent, as well.

LionVoice:

Yeah, ELENYA:. I really enjoy the aroma of vanilla. Know anything about it's properties.

ELENYA:

Magical influences of vanilla oil are sex, love, physical and magical energy

melilot:

i also find it very helpful to control temper ELENYA:

LionVoice:

One member said that it sooths the Celtic temper

Stoormii:

it also has calming properties as well

melilot:

maybe that's because it makes him horney instead i never thought of that

ViragoWitch:

LOL, Meli.

ELENYA:

Aye, meli

melilot:

anything that makes a celt horney calms it's temper lion {G}

ELENYA:

Goddess of the vanilla plant was worshipped in Mexico, used the oil to attract men

ViragoWitch:

Hmmmmmmm {g}

ELENYA:

And RD says that Granny told Ellie Mae to wear it behind her ears {g}

melilot:

the ole way to a man's heart is threw his stomach ploy make him think of cakes and cookies when he sees you {G}

ELENYA:

Let me post a quick reading list...then I'm done

ViragoWitch:

Great - thanks!

ELENYA:

Cunningham Encyclopedia of Magical Herbs 1994;

Cunningham Magical Aromatherapy 1994;

Stoormii:

good book, both of them

ELENYA:

Miller The Magical and Ritual Uses of Perumes 1990;

Morwyn Witch's Brew: Secrets of Scents 1995;

Wildwood The Encyclopedia of Aromatherapy 1996

And...

Wormwood The Complete Book Of Aromatherapy 1991

Nestor:

meli that is a primal nevrous system responds you ladies are playing with --no fair! (but I love it!!!)

ELENYA:

But it's natural, Nestor{g}

Stoormii:

the magic of incense oil and brews also Elenya?

melilot:

all's fair Nestor... remember meli rule #1 women rule

ViragoWitch:

Any more questions for Elenya?

ELENYA:

? Stoormii...not sure what you mean

melilot:

it's another cunningham book ELENYA:

Stoormii:

it's by scott cunningham The Magic of Incense, Oils, and Brews Circa 1985

ELENYA:

Thanks....haven't seen it but is must be good... it's always out of stock

Stoormii:

it is Elenya I'll keep looking. i have one of the first printings Elenya Thanks again VW...

Trollfrog:

class over?

ELENYA:

Yeppers, Froggie

ViragoWitch: