Moreover, it was gratifying to hear one of the Administrators call our Self Study "exquisite" and to read wonderful statements in the reviewers' report: "We were very impressed by the UNC-CH anthropology graduate students. They are intellectually engaged with exciting research problems and competitive on a national level... Similarly, undergraduate students struck us as bright, engaged and accomplishedIt is impossible to arrive at a definitive ranking, but our shared view was that the UNC-CH department would be tied for 10th place among anthropology programs in the United States,...6th among pubic institutions,...[and is] by far the smallest department in terms of numbers of faculty and graduate students within the top eleven; this is a remarkable achievement."

External Reviewers: L to R, Professors Don Brenneis (Univ. of California, Santa Cruz), John Comaroff (Univ. of Chicago), & Dick Ford (Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor).

Since our last external review in 1989, we have responded well to significant changes affecting the discipline and the University. Worldwide economic and social restructuring in tandem with the growing activism of the peoples anthropologists study calls for increased collaboration with the publics that fund us and with those that participate in the research. Responding to these changes, the Department has put energy into relevant topics such as science, technology and society, globalism and transnationalism, public anthropology, and culture and environment. Initiatives like these engage the intellectual cutting edges of the discipline. Moreover, they shape our engagement with and leadership of the growing number of interdisciplinary efforts across campus and they have proved valuable in our success with funding agencies and foundations concerned to address these problems. Our faculty have become important contributors and, in several cases, administrators of interdisciplinary centers (e.g., Jim Peacock is the Director of the University Center of International Studies) and curricula (e.g., Bruce Winterhalder is Chair of the Ecology Curriculum and Associate Director of the new Carolina Environmental Program). Further, the external review team encouraged us to publicize "the North Carolina model" for a more collaborative anthropology: "The question of sub-disciplinary integration ­ or, more frequently, disintegration ­ is perhaps the single most important institutional tension within our discipline at the present time. We think the UNC-CH department has worked out an exemplary model of how one might profitably work towards that goal."

Whether because of our constructive responses to the changes of the decade or otherwise, our success as a department is evident in the numbers. Since 1989, our majors have doubled in number to 150. Graduate applications run between double and triple what they were, we are teaching sixty percent more students in our classes, and our publication and funding rates have gone up significantly. Our faculty have held a relatively large number of elected offices in national, professional associations. James Peacock served as President of the American Anthropology Association (AAA), 1996-97. Vin Steponaitis is current President of the Society for American Archaeology, Clark Larsen is President-Elect of the American Association of Physical Anthropologists. Carole Crumley is current Secretary of the AAA and President of the Anthropology and Environment Section within it. Sue Estroff recently served as President of the Society for Medical Anthropology. UNC-CH graduate students have also captured a high number of grants in recent years. In 1998, three of the thirteen Fulbright grants awarded to UNC-CH were won by anthropology graduate students Lesley Bartlett, Stacey Langwick, and Marianne Reeves. During 1993-97, four of the seven National Science Foundation Fellowships within the Social Sciences division at UNC-CH were awarded to anthropology graduate students, "RJ" Lopez, Stacey Langwick, Chris Rodning, and Amber VanDerwarker.

And, we're still on our way up!

in this issue:

Conversations on Chinese Medicine 2

Notes from the Field: Ecuador, Madagascar... 4

News From the RLA 6

Society for Anthropology Students 9

Picture the cultural anthropologist. Perhaps we see her seated under a tree with a village elder, spending long tropical afternoons receiving instruction in religious and cosmological traditions. Or we imagine him staying up all night for a communal ritual, taking notes on songs and dances and receiving whispered explanations in the shared firelight of a forest clearing. Much of the glamour of ethnography ­ to the extent that it has any! ­ has derived from the immediacy of activities like these. My own work of the last sixteen years on traditional medicine in China has been less dependent on oral transmission and perhaps less glamorous than the classic fieldwork we like to imagine. The esoteric knowledge of Chinese medicine has been systematized and published in many textbooks and technical publications; so, though I have at times received instruction from "elders" of a sort, I have also had very rich sources of traditional knowledge in my own library of Chinese-language books in Alumni Hall. As for rituals, the most important of these for Chinese medicine take place in the clinic, and ­ blessedly for the aging ethnographer ­ clinics are usually held during regular business hours. There is even a standard form of note-taking, the case record, which combines knowledge and practice in a convenient short form, ready-made for analysis by the solitary scholar working at her desk or computer.

I could go on combing the written records of this field for the rest of my career. But like many anthropologists I have grown worried about the "traditional" status of the information I can collect by any means in the late 20th century. It is easy, and common, for experts to present their knowledge, or at least its essential core, as ageless and unchanging. Yet Chinese medicine has been caught up in a radical modernizing process for most of the

20th century, as any doctor or scholar will readily admit. Efforts to render traditional medicine more scientific and systematic have been very successful, while at the same time its aura of ancient tradition ­ especially in drug advertising ­ has grown more pronounced. Somewhere along the line, my anthropological approach shifted from a focus on comparison and difference to an interest in processes of knowledge formation. Once, I found the question "What do Chinese doctors know and do that is different from what we know and do?" most compelling; now, I think it is more important to ask how Chinese medicine gained its contemporary forms, and what kind of debates and struggles, as well as global and local forces, influenced the modern development of this ancient body of medical knowledge.

For this reason among others, I was happy when Eric Karchmer, a UNC Anthropology graduate student doing dissertation research in Beijing, told me his teachers at the Beijing University of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy were thinking of designing an anthropological research project. Drs. Yan Jianhua and Su Jing, both researchers in a department devoted to scholarship on Chinese medicine's oldest classic work The Yellow Emperor's Inner Canon, had grown impatient with the "scientizing" trends in research on traditional medicine, and wanted to undertake research which would critically evaluate expert knowledge in the field from another angle.

Graduate Student Eric Karchmer, Professor Judith Farquhar, Professor Yan Jianhua, and Professor Su Jing.

With Eric's advice, they had been reading some cultural anthropology, and saw our field as a promising one.

Eric and I met with Dr. Yan and Dr. Su in November of 1997 to discuss some possibilities. We all agreed that the field of Chinese medicine had seen some fascinating and profound debates, especially since the 1950s, and hence the relationship of modern medicine to its venerated ancient textual sources was not a simple one. We also discussed the almost insuperable difficulty of translating the knowledge reflected in 2000-year-old texts written in classical Chinese into a modern Chinese idiom and institutional context. As we talked, we focused more and more on this problem of translation, seeing it in a very broad sense as the movement and transformation of knowledge generated in one space and time into the situation of another place and moment, with all its constraints and opportunities. And we realized that, while written records could give us part of the story of translation, what goes unrecorded are the difficulties and joys of the process of translating and transforming a field.

This realization made it easy to put together a plan for joint research. In modern China there have been two periods of intense activity devoted to the literary and practical modernization of Chinese medicine: the 1950s, just after the field received official government support (and began to modernize within the frame of Marxist-Leninist thought), and the 1980s, after the end of the Cultural Revolution (when vigorous entry into a medical market was called for). Many of the scholars, doctors, and medical administrators who gathered the personnel for hospitals and clinics, amassed libraries of canonical works, designed medical school curricula, produced national textbooks, and edited authoritative editions of the ancient classics are still alive. We plan to interview them, not about their medical or administrative work now, but about their recollections of the process of making modern (that is, translating) traditional Chinese medicine. What did specialists argue about when curricula were first designed in the 1950s? How did they decide, for example, what would be considered counter-revolutionary superstition and what would be seen as the practical healing methods of the proletariat? How were the ancient medical classics, which are notoriously poetic, allusive, and esoteric, made into texts that could guide today's clinical practice? How did specialists solve the many problems presented in translating a terse classical Chinese into the verbose and syntactically restrictive conventions of modern Chinese? Our hunch is that these interviews will engage the interest of Chinese medicine's "elders" in many ways ­ they will be able to recall the passionate commitments, bitter battles, humorous exchanges, and high sense of mission that made those periods of intensive discipline-construction so absorbing. And they will help us continually revise our visions of what Chinese medicine has been, and is.

Perhaps it is ironic that this new project places our small working group back under that tropical tree, back into the firelight of a ritual process, collecting oral lore from experienced seniors. Though we work in the world's most lavishly recorded and widely published non-Western medical tradition, we nevertheless find that to answer some of our most pressing questions, we need to leave the books behind and "ask the natives." Yan Jianhua and Su Jing think the senior scholars in the field are already talking about this unwritten history; so the four of us look forward to joining in the conversation.

What purpose does it serve? The Center facilitates study and understanding of the South, for the sake of scholarly understanding but also when appropriate to address issues of the region, nation, and world.

Why the South? Were the southern region of the United States a separate nation, it would be the fourth largest economy of the world; as a region, its political, economic, and cultural history and conditions make it an important case to illuminate general issues. For these reasons, the South has found an audience globally, especially in Europe and Asia.

Why UNC-CH? UNC-CH is one of the foremost universities in the region to make contributions and set aside resources (faculty, library, museum, etc.) for the study of the South.

Why a Center? The study of the South demands coordination of many disciplines and departments as well as engagement of citizens beyond academia.

How was the Center created? In spring 1990, David Moltke-Hansen, then Curator of the Southern Historical Collection, and James Peacock, Kenan Professor, Anthropology, called a meeting of faculty studying the South. This led to a working group on the study of the South followed by the planning and creation of the Center with John Reed as Chair of the Administrative Board (later succeeded by Peacock) and David Moltke-Hansen as Director (now succeeded by James Leloudis).

How is the Center organized? The Director, advised by an Administrative Board, organizes all activities. An External Board is being established as well. Friends of the Center are found from the local area to London, and a large number participate in activities.

What is the Center doing? Recent activities include large conferences drawing together leaders and citizens from throughout the South and elsewhere to address topics and issues: for example, one on tourism and another on racism (the "Unfinished Business" meetings begun in Chapel Hill in the fall of 1998 and planned at various Southern cities, from Birmingham, Alabama to Richmond, Virginia). In April 1998 the Center hosted the North Carolina Literary Festival, an event that features writers with links to North Carolina, including Nobel laureate Derek Walcott.

In addition, the Center publishes the Southern Cultures, a journal (UNC Press). It also sponsors the McColl Fellowships for graduate students, endowed chairs for faculty, and supports research projects in and on the South, such as a comparative regionalism project with Bonn, Germany.

What is the relevance for anthropology? Some of the activities, such as the Natchez conference (see V. Steponaitis, ed. "The Natchez District in the Old South" Southern Research Report #11, Winter 1998) involve anthropological work. Further, conferences and publications convey information and contacts essential for anthropologists and all others doing research in the South. A conference in April of 1998, for example, dealt with the treatment of intellectual history of the South and included comparative analyses by British historian of the South Michael O'Brien, as well as a keynote lecture by Drew Faust of Penn, and a commentary by C. Vann Woodward of Yale. Conferences and sponsorship and support in networking provide an opportunity for all participants to enter a dialogue with historians and others, some of whom utilize anthropology and have much to tell us.

As the South enters the twenty-first century, it is becoming more involved in global issues while scholars of the South are becoming increasingly open to anthropology and comparative approaches. These scholars are, as well, offering much we need to know.

Suggestion: Even though some sociocultural anthropologists do fieldwork and even dissertations situated in the South, on the whole sociocultural anthropologists have been less alert than archaeologists to scholarly information and insights concerning the South. While this may suggest a general ambivalence among some social anthropologists in focusing on area vs. global issues, it may also reflect an assumption that learning about local matters requires less scholarly commitment than does learning the history, culture, and language of a foreign place. In fact, responsible study of any place demands study of past and present scholarship concerning it. The Center can facilitate that, while offering avenues to public issues.

The conference was a product of the burgeoning growth in the last ten years of interdisciplinary programs, curricula, and events at UNC-CH. With its focus on meaning, the distinctive method of ethnography, and its comparative focus across time and space, anthropology is a "universal donor" to most of these programs.

A few corrections have come to our attention from the last AnArchaey Notes publication:

Alan Benjamin's dissertation title should have read Ethnic Identities and Classifying Practices Among Jews of Curacao.

Chris Rodning pointed out that credit for the cover photo in our last issue should have gone to Charley Seagle and not to himself.

Shane Greene is incorrectly identified in the first photograph of the RLA summer dig article by the alias Shane Petersen. We don't know who this Petersen is, but the real Shane Greene knew the difference!

 

The incessant rain pattered though the canopy trees whose specially-evolved leaves come to a point known as a "drip tip" and effectively dripped water onto my wide-brimmed "Gilliganesque" hat. The hat provided some assistance in shielding my glasses and improving visibility, but whenever we stopped to rest, my glasses would steam up, impair my sight once we started walking again, and cause me to stumble on yet another tree root. I was in the Ecuadorian Amazon, on a three day trek with seven Huaorani Indians to one of the nearest markets, a place on the Napo River called Humayacu. For them, the trek should have taken half the time at usual "Huaorani pace," but I had pleaded with them to take me along so I could do some participant observation and buy some desperately needed toilet paper. They eventually agreed, but I was sure they regretted taking me along. At every ravine, I shuddered at the task of crossing a log bridge only six inches across, although the seven-year-old Huaorani girl accompanying us almost gleefully scampered across it. I knew my rubber boots would slip, sending me crashing down ten feet into a river. So my Huaorani companions widened every bridge by felling another tree, creating a handrail, and holding my hand as I baby-stepped across. It was embarrassing, as I was taller than the men and equally heavy, but an inept, cardiovascularly unfit creature.

Two young men carried the reason for our trip: cargoes of smoked carne de mono y de sahinomonkey and peccary meatwrapped in white plastic bags and fastened with vines into a crude backpack. Monkey arms and legs had punctured the bag and were visibly protruding. As we walked into Quichua territorya more populous and politically active group whose land is depleted of gamelocals approached us with enthusiastic requests to buy the meat. Cigarettes and cheap, noxious liquor were offered as enticements. With the money made (about $1.00 per pound), my Huaorani friends bought clothes, candy, rice, noodles, oil, lard, and canned tuna at the Humayacu market. It had taken us 72 hours and two nights sleeping on forest floor with biting ants to complete a shopping excursion taking at most an hour back at the Wal-Mart in North Carolina.

This trip happened in fall 1996, during my dissertation fieldwork among the 25 households of Quehueiri-ono, a Huaorani village meaning "river of the cannibals" due to its location near the Shiripuno River, and the previous non-Huaorani inhabitants (who were considered not quite human by the Huaorani). The Huaorani are a group of about 1300 hunter-gatherer-horticulturalists living in the Napo and Pastaza Provinces of the Ecuadorian Amazon.

By the time 1997 came around, the Huaorani men in Quehueiri-ono were gone. They had left to work for the oil companies as macheteros, manual laborers who cut seismic lines with machetes. Wage labor with petroleum companies represents the largest source of income for the Huaorani, who are currently relatively isolated from markets and roads and other income sources. I stayed in the village with women and children and watched as one oil company, Texas-based Oryx, dropped rice, sugar, canned tuna, and salt from helicopters as part of its "community development" plan. Without their main hunter and protein provider, these families relied on the company to provide food, and when that stopped, they would go back to subsistence on boiled manioc and plantain drinks and garden produce. My research seeks to answer how forces like oil development affect Huaorani subsistence and resource-use practices.

As seen by these examples, the Huaorani are now integrally tied into the market economy, as they eagerly trade forest resources for purchased goods once seen as luxuries but quickly becoming necessities. They are linked to the global economy as well. The Ecuadorian Amazon, a "hot spot" for biodiversity, is now a hot spot as well for extraction of crude reserves beneath the forest floor. This extraction pays to service Ecuador's large foreign debt (owed mostly to U.S. banks), and most of the oil produced there by companies like Texaco, Arco, Oryx, and Amoco (who lease concessions from the Ecuadorian government) goes to fueling the Ford for our trip to Wal-Mart.

The following is reprinted from an e-mail that graduate student Bram Tucker sent to friends in the department after his first week of fieldwork in the Mikea Forest of Madagascar.

Hello All! I find myself unexpectedly in Toliara and I found my American friends here, so I thought I'd send an email. I'm supposed to be in Vorehe right now, the agricultural village on the edge of the Mikea Forest, awaiting the return of my field assistant (Tsiazonera) for part two of our research plan.

So here I am for just two days and tomorrow we go back to Vorehe, and the day after tomorrow we'll be in the small Mikea camp of Belo, to build a house and prepare for time allocation data collection. I also needed a few days of rest here, because last week was a very busy one.

Our objective was to install all six of the self-logging pluviometers (rain gauges) in distant corners of the region before the beginning of November, which, with other time constraints, left us with just eight days. We walked more than 120 km in just six of these days. It was pretty amazing and successful.

I am impressed with the great variety of environments ­ from chewed up former forest that has been burned for corn fields to dense forest with old trees choked with vines, then to the first real desert I've ever visited, tall dunes of blindingly white sand and forests of didereceae, known locally as soño, the plant found only in Madagascar that looks like a cross between a tree and a cactus but is, in fact, neither.

We had a fun tractor ride from one end of the forest to the other, from Vorehe to the coast at Ankindranoke, which turned suddenly very bad when it started to rain, something that it is not supposed to do during this season. The tractor driver had installed the tires of the tractor backwards so that the tread was working against us and we soon lost traction in the wet sand and eventually were forced to walk. I was really soaked and shivering with cold, which is fun at home when you know there is a warm shower, dry clothes, and hot chocolate waiting, but it is tough when you know you're not going to do better than a reed hut with a leaky roof and maybe no food. But it turned out swell.

First, I found the wool jacket that Bruce Winterhalder gave me from Ecuador in my pack and being wool it was still dry and this made me feel better immediately. Second, Ankindranoke has a nice solid school/Catholic church with a concrete floor and plaster walls and a corrugated metal roof, so we had somewhere dry to sleep. Third, we had friends there who gave us food, including rice, fried fish, and fried balls of wheat flour dough (yes, doughnuts).

Two days after the tractor incident we attempted to travel all night from the village of Ankililaly to Vorehe, a distance of 30 to 40 km. But everything went much slower than we thought and the trip ended up taking 18 hours. We had no sleep and no food (because we had counted on the trip being shorter). Luckily we had lots of water which was good because when day arrived it must have been more than 100 degrees. We ate a babo (water engorged tuber) and some tamarind fruit that we found along the way and that was it. That was a tough day, but also, in a strange way, fun.

We succeeded in our mission. There is now a pluviometric/thermometric station in the scenic villages of Vorehe, Antanimieva, Ankoreo, Ankindranoke, Ankilimiavotse (Namonty) and Belo.

It feels great to be here and it felt great to be in the forest again, and although the days were tough, I really never felt tired until the last day because I was so excited. No health problems as of yet. Well, that's all from me. I hope you are all doing swell.
--Bram Tucker, Fall 1997

The project is supported by the Carolina Environmental Program, the Center for European Studies, and the Burch Field Research Seminars. It is open by competition to all undergraduate students who have an interest in interdisciplinary environmental studies. Please contact Professor Carole Crumley for further information: (919) 962-527 or Crumley@unc.edu

Digging in Cyberspace: RLA's First Electronic Publication Released

Last fall, the Research Laboratories of Archaeology broke new ground in the field of archaeological publishing with the University of North Carolina Press's release of a CD-ROM entitled Excavating Occaneechi Town: Archaeology of an Eighteenth-Century Indian Village in North Carolina, edited by R. P. Stephen Davis, Jr., Patrick C. Livingood, H. Trawick Ward, and Vincas P. Steponaitis. This publication describes and interprets the buried remains of Occaneechi Town, a small but important village of the Occaneechi tribe that stood on the banks of the Eno River in North Carolina at the beginning of the eighteenth century. Also known as the Fredricks site, this village was excavated by archaeologists and students from the RLA between 1983 and 1986 in order to study how European colonization of North America affected Native Americans in Piedmont North Carolina.

Excavating Occaneechi Town is unique, not just because it is an electronic publication but because it contains a wealth of visual and descriptive information not usually available in an archaeological site report. In fact, it is a complete, fully searchable record of all the excavated contexts and recovered artifacts from Occaneechi Town. In addition to describing the archaeology of the site and interpreting what was found, the report contains over 1,000 full-color photographs and maps, and detailed information for over 100,000 artifacts. It has an easy-to-use browser, sophisticated tools for navigating and searching text, hyperlinks to bibliographic references and illustrations, extensive cross-referencing and machine-readable databases for statistical analysis.

Former students who contributed articles to the CD-ROM include: Linda Carnes-McNaughton, I. Randolph Daniel, Jr., Kristen Gremillion, Julia E. Hammett, Mary Ann Holm, Gary Petherick, and V. Ann Tippitt. Other articles were authored by: the late Roy Dickens, Jr., former RLA director; Lawrence A. Dunmore III, tribal chairperson of the Occaneechi Band of the Saponi Nation; Forest Hazel, tribal historian for the Occaneechi Band; and historian James Merrell.

Excavating Occaneechi Town also contains an archaeological teaching tool, called the Electronic Dig, which allows students to design their own research strategies and re-excavate Occaneechi Town, using the computer. The students start with a blank grid that covers the entire site. They then can select units to excavate. When the students give the command to excavate, the software uncovers the units and provides students with photographs, descriptions, and lists of artifacts that were actually found when that unit was first excavated. Once an excavation unit, or square, has been revealed on the computer screen, the student can then excavate any archaeological feature located within it by simply clicking on it with the mouse. Students can print a map of their excavation and they can save in a file to inventory of all artifacts found during their electronic excavation. A tutorial accompanying the Electronic Digcalled the Archaeology Primerallows students to become acquainted with basic archaeological field methods and the kinds of archaeological remains found at Native Americans village sites in Piedmont North Carolina. It contains text written for students with a middle school level of comprehension, photographs of archaeologists working at Occaneechi Town and other North Carolina archaeological sites, and video clips of basic field methods employed by archaeologists.

According to Occaneechi Tribal Chairperson Lawrence Dunmore, "Excavating Occaneechi Town will allow you, the public, to learn about the Occaneechi people's history and culture from a unique perspective. You will be able to interact with your computer terminal as if you were actually a member of the excavation team. Examples will be shown of skilled Occaneechi craftwork that has been uncovered as well as numerous indigenous and European artifacts from the site. In addition, students and professionals alike will see and learn the archaeological skills and techniques painstakingly used to obtain information about our ancestors."

Excavating Occaneechi Town requires an IBM-compatible computer with a double-speed CD-ROM drive, a 486/66 or faster processor, at least 8 MB of RAM (16 MB RAM for Windows 95), a VGA color monitor (640 by 480 pixels, 256 colors), a sound card, and 30 MB of available hard disk space. It runs equally well under Windows 3.x or Windows 95. A setup utility, tutorials, and extensive on-line help are provided on the disk. You can order Excavating Occaneechi Town by calling UNC Press's toll-free number (1-800-848-6224). You also can visit UNC Press (http://sunsite.unc.edu/uncpress/) on the World Wide Web to obtain additional information about this CD-ROM.

Tragically, graduate student Tim Mooney was killed in an auto accident in 1995. The UNC community as a whole lost a kind and intelligent member, and undergraduates at UNC, such as myself, lost a capable and caring mentor. I am happy to report that the archaeological research started by Tim is being continued.

During the summers of 1993 and 1994, UNC Archaeological Field School students excavated three mound sites near Monticello, Mississippi along the Pearl River. Under the guidance of Vin Steponaitis and Tim, twenty undergraduates were able to learn about archaeology and the joys of working in the summer heat of Mississippi. The data that were recovered from that work were to be used by Tim in his dissertation to research the origins of the historically known Choctaw.

It was with equal parts trepidation and excitement that I returned to Chapel Hill for a few weeks in the summer (1998) to continue the analysis that Tim was unable to complete. Since my graduation from UNC in 1996, I have been attending graduate school at the University of Michigan. Thanks in large part to the encouragement and assistance of Vin Steponaitis and the rest of the staff of the RLA, the research is going very well and it will eventually be incorporated into my dissertation. It is my hope that this new research will reflect even just a fraction of the dedication, hard work, and scholarship that I learned from Tim and others during my years at UNC.

Each summer, UNC's Research Laboratories of Archaeology (RLA) offers an archaeological field school. Students learn basic field methods and the lifeways of the Native Americans who lived in the area. In recent years the field school has worked a series of archaeological sites along a bend in the Eno River near Hillsborough, North Carolina. The 1997 field school excavated portions of the seventeenth-century Jenrette site and the fifteenth-century Wall site.

Students and instructors from the 1997 field school work together to shovel and sift soil at the Jenrette site.

First identified by UNC archaeologists in 1938, the Wall site was believed to be the "Occaneechi Town" visited by John Lawson in 1701. In 1983, archaeologists discovered that the site was actually much older. In 1997, students excavated three 10' x 10' squares at Wall, uncovering portions of two palisade walls and a layer of dark midden. The midden, trash left by the people who once lived at Wall, was extraordinarily richstudents recovered artifacts ranging from large pottery shards and animal bones to very small shell beads.

The students in the archaeological field school worked under the supervision of Melissa Salvanish and Bryan Shanks, graduates of the 1996 field school. The students were enthusiastic and hard working, and to our delight, many of them continued to be active in the RLA during the following academic year. Some worked in the labs to clean and analyze artifacts from the field school and other UNC excavations. Two other recent field school graduates, Katherine McGhee-Snow and Meg Greene, spent the school year in the labs working on honor's theses.

Archaeologists studying the Cherokee have drawn insights from the journals of explorers and traders who visited southern Appalachia during the eighteenth century. They have studied maps of the Cherokee countryside drawn by colonial cartographers. Though useful, these sources introduce certain interpretive problems. Journals written by colonial traders and travelers passing through Cherokee country often reveal as much about the cultural biases of their authors as they do about native lifeways. Maps of native settlements in southern Appalachia are not always easy to interpret because many native people frequently moved from village to village or farmstead to farmstead during the eighteenth century. Despite these problems, both ethnohistoric and cartographic evidence are valuable sources for developing models and hypotheses about Cherokee communities that can be tested with archaeological evidence.

Continuing studies in Cherokee archaeology can make valuable contributions to knowledge about cultural continuity and change during their encounters with non-native colonists and other native groups during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. During the deerskin trade of the eighteenth century, Cherokee communities interacted extensively with traders and settlers along the European-American colonial frontier. Intercultural wars during the eighteenth century, and the negotiations that always surrounded them, speak volumes about the ways that Cherokee and European-American people related to each other. Thus the history of the Cherokee and other native peoples of southern Appalachia represents a major dimension of the development of the American South as a cultural province in the present.

Chris Rodning is a graduate student in Archaeology.

A new building will soon house the University's Institute for the Arts and Humanities. In anticipation of this construction, the Research Laboratories of Archaeology undertook archaeological testing and excavation on the proposed site near the Battle-Vance-Pettigrew complex this last summer. It was supervised by Thomas Maher, UNC Ph.D., under the overall direction of Dr. Stephen Davis, Jr. of the Research Laboratories of Archaeology, with graduate student Patricia Samford doing the historical background research.

The site had been the "backyard" of the Roberson/Central Hotel on Franklin Street built soon after 1882 and the coming of the railroad to Chapel Hill. The hotel back lot was sold by the Roberson family in 1908 to Fred J. Coxe who may have been acting for the Phi Delta Theta fraternity, and it is likely that the fraternity house was built soon after. The University purchased the hotel property in 1911 in order to construct Battle, Vance and Pettigrew halls as student dormitories. A postcard from Chapel Hill shows a view of the fraternity house standing sometime before the construction of the Battle-Vance-Pettigrew buildings in 1912.

During the excavations, the fraternity house foundations were uncovered as expected, and artifacts probably relating to the hotel were also found, such as dishes, horseshoes, and tobacco pipes. (In the nineteenth century, smoking was often prohibited in hotels and boarding houses, so gentlemen carried their pipes outside. The backyard of the hotel seems to have been a popular smoking spot.)

The surprise discovery of the excavation was the uncovering of the foundations of an unknown long brick building (120' x 18') consisting of eight rooms in a row on the ground floor (with four interior chimneys). Kemp P. Battle, in his History of the University of North Carolina (The Reprint Company Publishers, 1974), relates how the shortage of student housing through the 1850s prompted the people of Chapel Hill to take boarders into their homes or to build free-standing dwellings on their property for rent. He lists among this latter type of accommodation, the "Poor House" along with several others. While the existence of these structures was known, their exact location was not. Patricia Samford was able to identify this heretofore-unknown building from a description dating to 1883 in the county Deed Book. It appears that the Poor House served as supplemental student housing from c. 1830 until the period following the Civil War, when the University was shut down entirely from 1871 until 1875. The closure of the University resulted in a general abandonment of the town of Chapel Hill by its citizens whose livelihoods were largely dependent on catering to the University and its students. Chapel Hill took on the name of the "Deserted Village." Battle tells how many homes were left vacant, and the student "cottages" fell into ruin, were torn down, or were sold and moved to neighboring farms. He lists the Poor House as suffering this fate.

The excavation, although limited, produced over 26,000 artifacts ranging from a few prehistoric stone artifacts to 78" phonograph records from the fraternity house era. The fieldwork and on-going artifact analysis have involved many undergraduate and graduate anthropology students. R. P. Stephen Davis, Jr. and graduate student Elizabeth Jones have completed the site report, which helps to flesh out the history of the University and the town of Chapel Hill.

For more information on the Poor House or other RLA activities, check out RLA's web site.

Brenda Moore also deserves our recognition and appreciation for being with the department since 1989. On Estella Stansbury's retirement in May 1996, Brenda left the Anthropology Department office to join Research Laboratories of Archaeology. Brenda says she really enjoys her work and the different activities in the department. Brenda continues to be important to us all. Thank you Ms. Moore!

New faces in the Anthropology office include our new Department Administrative Manager Dorcas Austin. A big thank you and welcome!

Our thanks also to former Administrative Managers Lisa Perry and Kay Hill and former office assistants Julie Flowerday, Karen Dunn, and Tracey Colacicco (now a graduate student in anthropology at the University of South Florida). We wish them the best!

1997-1998 SAS Co-President Tiffiny Tung and Professor Marisol de la Cadena

The Society for Anthropology Students (SAS) and the Department of Anthropology are initiating a mentoring program between anthropology graduate students and anthropology undergraduate majors/minors. This program is being developed in response to undergraduate student interest in building stronger ties between them and other members of the department.

Undergraduates have expressed interest in meeting with graduate students to discuss senior papers, course work, research ideas, summer projects, and graduate school applications. The SAS and the Department of Anthropology are "formalizing" this process whereby undergraduates have a clear and simple way of contacting graduate students who have similar anthropological interests.

Everybody can benefit from this program, including students and the department as a whole. Strengthening relationships with undergraduate students will contribute to the development of our skills as mentors and teachers and will provide the student participants with new opportunities to engage in discussions, papers, and research projects otherwise unavailable to them. Graduate students might also find new collaborative partners to enhance their work.

The mentoring program will be flexible. Based on the Graduate Student Profile and referrals from others, undergraduates will contact graduate students who share their common interests and will learn how to better develop their own pursuits in anthropology. We look forward to a successful project that will reflect the interests and dedication of all our students!

It has been a productive year in the undergraduate anthropology arena! Several anthropology graduate and undergraduate students came together in the fall of 1997 in the hopes of establishing a greater undergraduate presence in the Society for Anthropology Students (SAS), as well as in the anthropology department in general. In order to do this we had to consider what topics undergraduates were interested in and how the students could be reached.

At one of the first meetings, undergraduates were offered the lowdown on professors and spring semester courses, and at the next meeting over 30 students filled the 3rd floor lounge to hear about field school, internship opportunities, and graduate research. Other gatherings have included the Anthropology Spring Picnic, and field trips to the Duke University Primate Center and the Occaneechi archaeological site in Hillsborough. In addition, a Graduate Mentoring Program was developed which provides a one-on-one link between similar-minded graduates and undergraduates.

In retrospect, the year has been successful in increasing intra-departmental undergraduate participation, as well as developing relations between graduates, undergraduates, and faculty. With enough interest on the part of undergraduate students, an official, university-recognized Undergraduate Anthropology Group could become a reality.

On your next surfing expedition, catch the wave on the Anthro Department's web page. You will find information on our programs, faculty, graduate students, and research projects. Our new majors program is described as well.

Recent initiates from our department included the following majors: Jennifer Grossman, Christina Kay Inness, and Katherine Jean Shinners. Congratulations!

The UNC Anthropology Brownbag Series is an open forum for students to meet and present their work to one another in a friendly, lunchtime atmosphere. Paul Dionne kicked off the series with his ethnographic video, Terminator 24, a humorous and thought-provoking presentation of a "typically untypical day" at Speakers' Corner in Hyde Park, London. Chris Rodning and Mintcy Maxham also presented an update on the field school's 1997 summer season.

Greg Wilson, Mintcy Maxham, Chris Rodning, and Amber VanDerwarker each presented papers that were later given at the Southeastern Archaeological Conference. Greg's paper explored the archaeology of rural resistance to a rising political order in 11th century southwestern Illinois. Mintcy focused on the social lives of Moundville's rural non-elite and considered the implications that her approach might have for Moundville's current political-economic models. Chris's paper traced William Bartram's travels through Cherokee country in an effort to reconstruct changing Cherokee settlement patterns in the Appalachian Summit region. Amber considered the archaeological correlates of elite-sponsored feasts with reference to the archaeological record of the Toqua site, a Late Mississippian mound center in Tennessee.

Eric Poncelet presented an examination of the discourses and meanings underlying non-confrontation in environmental partnerships in the European Union. Julie Flowerday and Amber VanDerwarker addressed issues for Teaching Assistants, Research Assistants, and Graduate Teaching Faculty. The open forum drew a large audience and resulted in a document that identifies graduate student needs and suggested strategies for meeting them.

Greg Wilson and Amber VanDerwarker hosted a brownbag presentation on Mississippi politics and new ceramic and faunal data from southwestern Illinois. Our final contributor was Chris Rodning, who discussed ethnicity and its archaeological detection among the Cherokee of the Appalachian Summit region.

The 1997-98 UNC Anthropology Brownbag Series was an overwhelming success, with high student attendance and participation.

Catherine Lutz (Anthropology, UNC-CH) War's Wages: A Military City and the American 20th Century

Vincas Steponaitis and Steven Davis (Anthropology and the Research Laboratories of Archaeology, UNC-CH) Excavating Occaneechi Town: The Prospects and Problems of Archaeological Publishing on CD-ROM

Helen Hills (Art History, UNC-CH) Constructing Devotion: Female Monastic Orders in 17th Century Naples

Peter Hervik (Institute of Anthropology, University of Copenhagen) Post-Democratic Disorder: Public Tolerance and Private Discrimination in Danish Responses to Emerging Multiculturalism

Mary Helms (Anthropology, UNC-Greensboro) The Caiman Ate the Curassow: Tezcatlipoca in Panamanian Guise

Mary Steedly (Anthropology, Harvard University) Imagining Independence: East Sumatra, 1945-47

France Winddance Twine (Sociology, UC Santa Barbara) White Transracial Mothers and the Production of Black British Subjectivities: A Feminist Analysis

Karen Tranberg Hansen (Anthropology, Northwestern University) Youth, Bodies and Clothing in Zambia

Jennifer Cole (Anthropology, Harvard University) The Necessity of Forgetting: Ancestral and Colonial Memories in East Madagascar

The colloquia were (as always) made possible with a little help from our friends. We had the opportunity to welcome Mary Steedly, a graduate of UNC's Curriculum in Folklore for the first time in twenty years because of the support of the University Center of International Studies and the Ford Foundation's Democratization Seminar, and the co-sponsorship of the Curriculum in Folklore. Professor Peter Hervik's presentation was part of an on-going exchange between the "Bosnian Project" on Danish multiculturalism (funded by the government of Denmark), which he leads, and faculty in this department. We also benefited from the Department of Economics' invitation to Professor Twine.

The Anthropology Department also helped sponsor presentations in other departments including a talk by noted folklorist Alan Dundes. Dorothy Holland was a principal organizer of the conference, "Environmentalism and Social Justice in North Carolina," which brought together academics, activists and public figures to consider the political and cultural interplay of two of our most prominent contemporary social movements.

It was, in sum, a year of varied and spirited interchange! --Bill Lachicote

Recently anthropology has turned to accounts of persons-in-history/history-in-persons, focusing on how individuals and groups as agents both fashion and are fashioned by social, political, and cultural discourses and practices. In this approach, power, agency, and history are made explicit as individuals and groups work to constitute themselves in relation to others within and against sociopolitical and historical contexts. Contributors to this volume extend this emphasis, drawing upon their ethnographic research in Nepal to examine closely how selves, identities, and experience are produced in dialogical relationships through time in a multi-ethnic nation-state and within a discourse of nationalism.

The diversity of recent political transformations and nation-building efforts make Nepal an especially rich locale to examine people's struggles to define and position themselves. But the authors move beyond geographical boundaries to a more theoretical terrain to make problematic the ways in which people recreate or contest certain identities and positions. In the different chapters, the authors explore how people ­ positioned by gender, ethnicity, and locale ­ use cultural genres to produce aspects of identities and experiences. They examine how subjectivity, agencies and cultural worlds co-develop and are shaped through engagement with cultural forms; and they portray the appropriation of multiple voices for self and group formation. As such, this collection offers a richly textured and complex account of the mutual constitution of selves and society.

Contributors: Mary Des Chene, Elizabeth Enslin, Premalata Ghimire, Dorothy Holland, Robert Levy, Todd Lewis, Mark Liechty, Kathryn March, Ernestine McHugh, Stan Mumford, Alfred Pach III, Steven Parish, Sherry Ortner, Debra Skinner.

This book is an ethnographic study of a community of Mongolian herders undergoing dramatic environmental and social transformations since 1980. It provides a rare window into a fascinating region of modern China and documents some of the more serious unintended consequences of economic development. Initially, the book presents a case study of desertification and shows how competing social and cultural forces at the international, national, and local level actively shape the process. More broadly, the book focuses on local experiences of modernization and the way marginalized people creatively appropriate alien technologies and subvert colonial scientific practices to service their own ethnic identity and cultural renewal. Twelve months of intimate fieldwork provide a rich supply of humorous and poignant anecdotes, biographical sketches, and documentary photographs.

At its core, the research documents the rapid changes that have resulted from the imposition of an unfamiliar spatial order. Ever since central government officials authorized the privatization and parcelization of national rangelands, the deceptively simple medium of barbed-wire fencing has launched nothing short of a "topomorphic revolution," redefining access to community resources. Private household enclosures exacerbate local problems of desert expansion and ecosystem decline, and have broadened disparities of economic wealth, leading to new problems of labor commodification, health decline, and community fragmentation.

Settled, but not yet sedentarized, the herding residents experience the enclosure movement in the context of a deepening crisis of identity: "who are we and to what environment do we belong?" Community responses to these questions do not accord so well with the intentions or rhetoric of post-reform rangeland policies. By reworking the tools and values imposed on them as agents of sedentarization and "cultural advancement," Mongol residents manage to endow unfamiliar landscape features with indigenous meaning, and thereby reconstitute their individual and collective identities. Mainstream development discourses (including the language of "sustainability") require extensive reevaluation in the light of these realities.

Dee Mack Williams earned a Ph.D. in anthropology from Columbia University in 1996. He is currently a visiting lecturer and faculty associate at UNC.

Faculty & Student Selected Publications 

Bon, Sara E.

1997 "Documenting the Monu-ment: Digital Imaging and Building Analysis at Pompeii." Actes du Colloque: Innovation et Technologie au Service du Patrimoine de l'Humanité. Paris: Admitech/UNESCO.

1997 "Research in Insula VI,1 by the Anglo-American Project, 1994-6." Rivista di Studi Pompeian Vol. VII (1995-96). Rome: L'Erma di Bretschneider.

Crumley, Carole

1997 "A Dialectical Approach to Landscape." Carolina's Historic Landscapes: Archaeological Perspectives, L. Stine and C. Judge, eds. Knoxville: Univ. of Tennessee Press.

de la Cadena, Marisol

1997 "Matrimonio y etnicidad en comunidades campesinas." Más allá del silencio: las fronteras del género en los Andes. Denise Arnold, ed. La Paz: CIASE/ILCA.

1997 "Mario Vargas Llosa y el 'Mundo Andino.'" Ideele. Revista del Instituto de Defensa Legal. Lima: Instituto de Defensa Legal.

1997 "La decencia y el respeto: raza y etnicidad entre los intelectuales y las mestizas cuzqueñas." Lima: Instituto de Estudios Peruanos, Documentos de Trabajo.

Dionne, Paul

1998 "Autoeroticism." Video. 25 Mins. (with D. Napier)

Duffy, Dan

1999 "Not a War: Notes from a College Course on Fiction and Poetry from Viet Nam and Vietnamese

Americans." Education about Asia, Association for Asian Studies Vol. 2, No. 2. Fall.

Estroff, Sue

1997 "A Cultural Perspective of Experiences of Illness, Disability, and Chronic Illness." The Social Medicine Reader. G. Henderson, N.M.P. King, R. Strauss, S. Estroff, and L. Churchill, eds. Durham: Duke Univ. Press.

1997 "Pathways to Disability Income among Persons with Severe, Persistent Psychiatric Disorders." (with D. L. Patrick, C. Zimmer, and W. Lachicotte) Milbank Quarterly 75(4): 495-532.

1997 "Violence and Severe Mental Disorder in Clinical and Community Populations: The Effects of Psychotic Symptoms, Co-morbidity, and Disaffiliation from Treatment" (with J. Swanson, M. Swartz, R. Borum, W. Lachicotte, C. Zimmer, and R. Wagner). Psychiatry 60(1): 1-22.

Finkler, Kaja
1998 "Gender, Domestic Violence and Sickness in Mexico." Social Science and Medicine 45: 1147-1160.

1998 "Why Are Women Sicker Than Men? A Theoretical Contribution to a Mystery." Journal of Interdisciplinary Gender Studies 2: 43-50.

Hinson, Glenn

2000 "Institute for American Indian Arts Museum Assessment. External Review Report & Planning

Document" (co-authored with Rick Hill, Nancy Mithlo, and Sally Peterson). Santa Fe, N.M.: IAIA. Summer/Fall.

Holland, Dorothy

1997 "Selves as Cultured: As Told by an Anthropologist who Lacks a Soul." Self and Identity: Fundamental Issues. R. Ashmore and L. Jussim, eds. Oxford Univ. Press.

Lachicotte, William

1997 "Pathways to Disability Income among Persons with Severe, Persistent Psychiatric Disorders" (with S. Estroff, D. Patrick, C. Zimmer). Milbank Quarterly 75(4): 1-38.
 

Larsen, Clark

1998 Bioarchaeology: Interpreting Behavior from the Human Skeleton. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press.

1998 "Stressed to the Max?: Physiological Perturbation in the Krapina Neandertals" (with D. L. Hutchinson and I. Choi). Current Anthropology 38: 904-914.
 

1999 "Annual Meeting Issue: Program of the Sixty-seventh Annual Meeting of the American Association of Physical Anthropologists." American Journal of Physical Anthropologists, Supplement 26.

Leslie, Paul

1998 "Decrease of Infant Mortality after Iodination of Irrigation Water in Severely Iodine-Deficient Area in Hotien, Xinjiang, China" (with G.R. DeLong, S. Wang, X. Jiang, M. Zhang, T. Ma, and X Cao). Lancet 13.

1998 "Multidisciplinary Research of Human Biology and Behavior." (with M. A. Little and P. T. Baker) History of Physical Anthropology: An Encyclopedia . F. Spencer, ed. NY: Garland Publishing.

Mooney, Timothy

1998 Many Choctaw Standing: An Archaeological Study of Culture Change in the Early Historic Period. Mississippi Department of Archives and History.

Nonini, Donald M.

1998 "Chinese Society, Coffee Shop Talk, Possessing Gods: The Politics of Public Space among Diasporic Chinese in Malaysia." Positions: East Asia Cultures Critique 5(3).

1999 "The Dialectics of 'Disputatiousness' and 'Rice-eating' Money, Class Confrontation and Gendered Imaginaries among Chinese Men in Peninsular Malaysia." American Ethnologist 26(1) (forthcoming).
 

1999 "Race, Land, Identity: A Tribute to Raymond Williams." Cultural Critique (forthcoming).

Parson, Maya

1999 American Families: A Multicultural Reader. (Edited with Stephanie Coontz and Gabrielle Raley) New York: Routledge Press.

Peacock, James

1998 "Anthropological Perspectives on Social Issues: Community and Diversity." Social Value and the Scholarly Community: Conversations with History and Anthropology. Association of American Geographer's Special Publication.

1998 "Anthropology and Issues of the Day." Anthro-Notes (Smithsonian Institution)1(20)Spring.

1998 "The Future of Anthropology." American Anthropologist 99(1): 9-29.

Rodning, Christopher

1997 Review of William Bartram on the Southeastern Indians, ed. G. Waselkov and K. Holland Braund, North Carolina Archaeology 46:121-125.

1998 Review of The Dividing Paths: Cherokee and South Carolinans Through the Revolutionary Era, by T. Matley, North Carolina Archaeology 47: 112-119.

Samford, Patricia

1997 "Response to a Market: Establishing a Dating Chronology for Printed English Earthenwares." Historical Archaeology Volume 31(2): 1-30.

Scarry, C. Margaret

1998 "Domestic Life on the Northwest Riverbank at Moundville." Archaeology of the Moundville Chiefdom. (Edited by V. Knight and V. Steponaitis) Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institute Press.

Skinner, Debra

1997 "Playmate Preferences and Perceptions of Individual Differences Among Typically Developing Preschoolers" (with V. Buysse, L. Nabors, and L. Keyes). Early Child Development and Care 131: 1-18.

1999 "Creating Risk and Promise: Children's and Teachers' Co-Constructions in the Cultural World of Kindergarten" (with D. Bryant, J. Coffman, and F. Campbell). The Elementary School Journal 98(4): 297-310.

Smith, Jennifer

1997 "NGOs, Development and Democratization in Haiti since the Return of Aristide. Gouverner Haiti: La consolidation de l'Etat et le Developpement Democratique." Ottawa, Ontario: Canadian Foundation for the Americas (FOCAL).

Smith-Nonini, Sandy

1997 "Primary Health Care and Its Unfulfilled Promise of Community Participation: Lessons from a Salvadoran War Zone." Human Organization 56(3): 364-74.

1997 "Popular Health and the State: Dialectics of the Peace Process in El Salvador." Social Science and Medicine 44(5): 635-45.

Steponaitis, Vincas P.

1997 "Between Farmstead and Center: The Natural and Social Landscape of Moundville" (with C. M. Scarry). People, Plants, and Landscapes: Studies in Paleoethnobotany. K. Gremillion, ed. Tusculoosa: Univ. of Alabama Press.

1998 Archaeology of the Moundville Chiefdom. (Edited with V. Knight) Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institute Press.

Winterhalder, Bruce

1997 "Gifts Given, Gifts Taken: The Behavioral Ecology of Non-Market, Intra-Group Exchange." Journal of Archaeological Research 5: 121-168.

1997 "A Forager-Resource Population Ecology Model and Implications for Indigenous Conservation" (with Flora Lu). Conservation Biology 11: 1-12.

de la Cadena, Marisol Wenner Gren Foundation, Richard Hunt Writing Award for "Race, Ethnicity, and the Struggle for Representation: De-Indianization in Cuzco, Peru"; National Endowment for the Humanities research grant; Wenner Gren Foundation, Post-Doctoral Write-up Grant.

Holland, Dorothy National Science Foundation grant for "Identity and Environmental Action: The U.S. Environmental Movement as a Context of Behavioral Change"; National Science Foundation grant for "Estrangement from the Public Sphere: Economic Change, Democracy and Social Division in North Carolina" (with D. Nonini and C. Lutz).

Hinson, Glenn D. Tanner Award for Excellence in Undergraduate Teaching; UNC Learning Disabilities Services, Access Teaching Award.
 

Johnson, Norris B. Northeast Asia Council, Association of Asian Studies for "Ethnographic Research on Tenryu Temple and Garden, Kyoto, Japan"; Japan Center, North Carolina State, Raleigh for "Ethnographic Research on Tenryu Temple and Garden, Kyoto, Japan."

Larsen, Clark Spencer Vice President and Scientific Program Chair, American Association of Physical Anthropologists (1998 President-Elect); Florida Department of State, Bureau of Archaeological Research for "Bioarchaeological Analysis of Human Remains from Mission San Luis de Talimali, Florida; Environmental Compliance Consultants, Inc. for "Analysis of Human Remains from Olcott Mounds, Sangamon County, Illinois"; Environmental Compliance Consultants, Inc. for "Human Remains from the Spanish Village Site (23SL69), Bridgeton, Missouri."

Leslie, Paul Andrew W. Mellon Foundation for "Population and Changing Land Use in Northern Tanzania"; Andrew W. Mellon Foundation for "Trends in Health and Reproduction in a Semi-Nomadic Population."

Lutz, Catherine National Science Foundation grant for "Estrangement from the Public Sphere: Economic Change, Democracy and Social Division in North Carolina" (with D. Nonini and D. Holland).

Nonini, Donald M. Henry Luce Foundation Travel Grant for travel to Association for Asian Studies meeting; National Science Foundation grant for "Estrangement from the Public Sphere: Economic Change, Democracy and Social Division in North Carolina" (with D. Holland and C. Lutz).

Peacock, James L. Alumni Association Faculty Award; Smith-Reynolds Foundation grant to initiate Program in Politics, Media, and Public Life.

Scarry, C. Margaret University of Kentucky Program for Cultural Resource Assessment for "Analysis of Archaeobotanical Remains from the Croley-Evans Site"; North Carolina Department of Archives and History for "Prehistoric Subsistence Practices in North Carolina: A Compilation of Data and Summary of Chronological and Geographic Patterns" (with J. Scarry).

Scarry, John F. North Carolina Department of Archives and History for "Prehistoric Subsistence Practices in North Carolina: A Compilation of Data and Summary of Chronological and Geographic Patterns" (with M. Scarry).

Steponaitis, Laurie Cameron National Science Foundation for "Seasonality Determinations from Archaeological Oyster Shells: An Experimental Evaluation of Incremental Shell Growth" (with G.A. Waselkov, E. Mueller, and G. Abbe).

Wiener, Margaret NEH Summer Stipend for "Discourse about Magic in the Dutch East Indies."

Bon, Sara 1998 On-Campus Dissertation Fellowship; 1998 Mooney Fellowship; 1997 Visiting Research Fellow, Dept. of Arch. Sciences, Univ. of Bradford, UK; Co-Director, Anglo-American Project at Pompeii.

Braitberg, Victor 1998 University Center for International Studies travel grant to France.

Burnet, Jennie 1998 Foreign Language and Area Studies grant for intensive study of Swahili. 1998 NSF Democratization Traineeship; 1998 Pre-dissertation Travel Grant, University Center for International Studies.

Dionne, Paul course development funds with Professor Holland for "Socio-cultural Contexts of Environmental Action."

Duffy, Dan 1998 Foreign Language Area Study grant; 1998 NSF Democratization Traineeship; 1998 Longfellow Institute of Harvard University travel grant.

Langwick, Stacey 1998-99 Fulbright; 1998 UNC Off-Campus Dissertation Award for study in South Tanzania. 1998 NSF Graduate Fellowship; 1998 Foreign Language and Area Studies grant for intensive study of Swahili.

Lopez, Rafael 1998 NSF Pre-dissertation Fellowship.

Mortensen, Amy 1998 NSF Democratization Traineeship; UNC Graduate School Merit Assistantship.

Poncelet, Eric UNC Graduate School Transportation Grant Award; On-Campus Dissertation Fellowship for research on environmental cooperation in Belgium.

Reeves, Marianne E. 1998-99 Fulbright; American-Scandinavian Foundation Fellowship for dissertation research in Denmark.

Sanford, Patricia Mooney Fellowship; 1999 Travel Grant to Capetown, South Africa to present a paper in Getty Institute symposium at the World Archaeological Congress.

Seagle, Charley UNC Institute for Latin American Studies1998 Foreign Languages and Area Studies Fellowship for dissertation research on Nicaraguan sister cities.

Smith, Jennifer 1998 Carolina Society of Fellows Dissertation Writing Fellowship; 1998 Honigman Award.

Smith-Nonini, Sandy Society for Applied Anthropology 1998 Peter K. New Prize; Steven Polgar Award for Outstanding Work in Applied Anthropology.

Tucker, Bram 1998-99 NSF Supplementary Award to continue research on foraging societies in Madagascar.

Tung, Tiffany Institute for Latin American Studies 1998 Travel Grant for pre-

dissertation work in Arequipa, Peru.

Tung, Tiffiny & Rachel Watkins Graduate Professional Student Grant on behalf of the department to fund the Society for Anthropology Students Mentoring Program.

VanDerwarker, Amber 1997 Southeastern Archaeological Conference student paper competition for paper on feasting and food use at the Toqua site.

Watkins, Rachel Vice President of Internal Affairs of the Graduate and Professional Student Federation.

Williamson, Kenneth 1998-99 Foreign Language Area Studies Fellowship; Duke-UNC Institute of Latin American Studies Grant for dissertation work in Salvador, Brazil.

Jennie Burnet: The Search for a Middle Ground in a Country Divided: Identity and Violence in the Rwandan Genocide.

Jun Wang: Life History, History, and Chinese Medicine

Julie M. Flowerday: A Construction of Cultural History from Visual

Records for the Burusho of Hunza, Pakistan.

Mtobeli P. Guma: The Politics of Umooya: Variation in the Interpretation and Management of Diarrhea Illness among Mothers, Professional Nurses, and Indigenous Health Practitioners in Khayelisha, South Africa.

M. Jean Harris: Hair Journey: An Exploration of Self-Construction Through African American Women's Hairstyle Practices.

Huanguang Jia: Chinese Medicine in Post-Mao China: Standardization and the Context of Modern Science.

David G. Moore: Late Prehistoric and Early Historic Period Aboriginal Settlement in the Catawaba Valley, North Carolina.

Jennifer Smith: Grassroots Organizations and Critical Discursive Traditions in the Countryside.

Sandra C. Smith-Nonini: Insurgent Health, Low-Intensity Medicine: Containing the Threat of Grassroots Development in El Salvador.

ALAN BENJAMIN (Ph.D. 1997) presented "Birthday Gifts & Social Boundaries: Exchange among Sephardi Jews in Curacao" at the American Anthropological Association meetings in 1997 and "Curatorship among Jews of Curacao" at the Caribbean Studies Association meetings in 1998.

DONALD L. BROCKINGTON (Emeritus) returned to Bolivia with his wife Lolita to continue excavations at Cochabamka in the Andean Mountains.

JULIA CRANE (Emerita) received a grant from the Organization for Cultural Cooperation of the Netherlands Antilles to support publication of her latest volume in Caribbean life histories, Statia Silhouettes, (Vantage Press, 1998).

MARY EUBANK (Ph.D. 1977) is conducting evolutionary studies on corn & related grasses under a Mellon Fellowship in plant systemics at Duke.

BEN FITZHUGH (BA 1989) completed his doctoral dissertation, The Evolution of Complex Hunter-Gatherers in the North Pacific, at the University of Michigan in 1996. With his wife & daughter, Fitzhugh moved to Seattle last autumn to begin a tenure-track position at the Univ. of Washington.

JULIE FLOWERDAY (Ph.D. 1998) received an American Institute of Pakistan Studies post-doctoral fellowship to return to Pakistan.

BARBARA GORTYCH received a Ph.D. in Counseling Psychology in 1983 & presently works in private practice and as Training Director of an APA-approved Psychology Internship program at Boston Regional Medical Center.

HUANGUANG JIA (Ph.D. 1997) is an analyst in a gastrointestinal clinical trial project at the School of Medicine, UNC. He lives in Chapel Hill with his wife & son.

STEVEN KANE (MA 1973; PhD Princeton 1979) teaches anthropology and practices psychotherapy. He is Director of Clinical Education at Interfaith Counseling Center in Providence, RI, & a member of the faculty at RI School of Design & the Univ. of RI/Providence Center where he received the Outstanding Faculty Award for 1997.

DIANE LEVY (MA 1995; MA in Planning 1997) is a Research Associate II at the Metropolitan Housing & Community Research Center of the Urban Institute in WA., D.C. conducting policy research on housing and community issues.

THOMAS MAHER (Ph.D. 1996) is Alabama State Archaeologist & is affiliated with the Alabama Historic Commission. Tom reviews archaeological consulting projects, serves as a liaison between archaeological consultants and state government, promotes archaeological projects by university researchers, & assists projects for greater public awareness of archaeology.

SANDRA MORGEN (Ph.D. 1982) serve as director of the Center for the Study of Women in Society at the Univ. of Oregon. She is President-Elect of the Association for Feminist Anthropology & is initiating an interdisciplinary collaborative study of welfare reform in Oregon.

EGUCHI NOBUKIYO (Ph.D. 1984) has published over fifty articles, thirteen books, & several translations. A professor at Ritsumeikan University, Japan, he is currently a visiting professor at UC Santa Barbara. Next year he will be an exchange professor at the Univ. of British Columbia, Vancouver.

SHARLOTTE NEELY (Ph.D. 1976), Professor of Anthropology at Northern Kentucky University, received the 1998 Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Service Award. The annual award goes to an employee who makes a significant contribution toward furthering the goals of Dr. King.

BEVERLY SIZEMORE (Ph.D. 1992) was appointed Clinical Assistant Professor at the School of Education at UNC-Chapel Hill.

JENNIE SMITH (Ph.D. 1998) received an appointment of Assistant Professor of Anthropology at Berry College, a liberal arts college in Rome, Georgia.

SANDY SMITH-NONINI (Ph.D. 1998) received a Mellon-Sawyer post-doctoral fellowship at Emory University's Center for the Study of Health, Culture & Society for research on the cultural politics of institutional responses to resurgent tuberculosis epidemics.

Words from the Editor 

Catherine Lutz

I would like to welcome back regular readers of AnArchaey Notes and welcome new ones to our pages. This issue describes the many exciting accomplishments of the Department of Anthropology at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill since our last issue in the fall of 1997. It is not an overstatement to say that the department has had one of the most successful years in its 33-year history as a distinct academic unit. This issue describes just some of the highlights, which include:

• institution of our completely reworked and more student-friendly undergraduate program, centered around more individualized student advising, a majors handbook in both hardcopy and Internet version, and new emphasis on internships and seminars for majors;
• the success of our graduate students in pursuing many exciting research projects around the world and at home, often with the help of research funds awarded in national competitions;
• the visit of an external review team of anthropologists who were mightily impressed with our program, rating us 10th in the country and on our way up on the basis of our teaching, research, and service accomplishments;
• publication by several of our faculty of major works of research, including the ground-breaking interactive archaeological dig on CD-ROM produced by Professor Vincas Steponaitis and his colleagues at the Research Laboratories of Archaeology;
• receipt of numerous awards and grants by our faculty and students, the most recent being a substantial Rockefeller Foundation grant to James Peacock and Donald Nonini, along with a colleague in History, to fund a four-year program of visiting postdoctoral fellows and conferences on "The Transnational South";
• election of several faculty to national office in anthropological service organizations;
• major moves towards innovative, cooperative team research projects bringing together faculty, graduate students, and overseas colleagues in China (see article pg. 2), faculty and undergraduates in France (see article pg. 5), multiple faculty and graduate students from UNC, Duke, and Johns Hopkins in North Carolina, and faculty, graduate, and undergraduate students from UNC, often in cooperation with local Native American communities in the South, via the RLA;
• and the installation of an elevator in Alumni Hall to allow disability access to our offices and classrooms.

other sources, we have put together a departmental fund whose principal is now $28,000. Our goal is to reach $33,000 or more in the next year and to use the interest to fund student research costs that are currently not funded or only partially funded by the university. These include providing some funding for student travel to research sites and conferences, funds to upgrade student computers and provide other equipment they need, and help in other areas that will improve the intellectual experience of our students. Travel money for preliminary investigation of a fieldwork site is an especially valuable contribution. This is seed money that can often flower in the improvement of proposals students later write to federal agencies and private foundations for funding their actual and more extensive dissertation research. This support rebounds to the benefit of the undergraduate program as well through the mentoring program and classroom exposure graduate students have with undergraduates. Students have already benefited in substantial ways from previous donations, including William Pollitzer's generous gift that sent three students to the Physical Anthropology meetings in Utah this year, and the Tim Mooney Fund which has supported Jason Bassett's archaeological work.

All contributions are deeply appreciated and will be used to honor your continuing commitment to supporting our vibrant educational program.