Public education spending as a % of GDP Italy Portugal Spain 1990 3.1 4.3 4.4 1991 3.0 5.5 4.5 1992 4.1 4.6 1993 5.1 5.4 4.7 1994 4.8 5.5 4.9 1995 4.6 5.4 4.6 1996 4.7 1997 5.8 4.7 1998 4.7 5.7 4.5 1999 4.5 5.7 4.5 2000 4.6 5.7 4.4 2001 5.0 5.9 4.4 2002 4.8 5.8 4.4 2003 4.9 5.9 4.3