JAMES J. O'HARA, Chair
Carolyn L. Connor, James J. O'Hara, William H. Race, James B. Rives, G. Kenneth Sams, Cecil W. Wooten.
Donald C. Haggis, Sharon James, Peter M. Smith, Nicola Terrenato.
Brooke Holmes, Maura Lafferty, Werner Riess, Monika Truemper.
Edwin L. Brown, George W. Houston, Henry R. Immerwahr, Gerhard Koeppel, Jerzy Linderski, Sara Mack, Kenneth J. Reckford, Philip A. Stadter, William C. West.
Classics is the study of the ancient Greek and Roman world, the Greek and Latin languages and literature, and the history, art and culture that have been fundamental in shaping modern society. A genuine understanding of the past can be gained only through a wide-ranging approach, encompassing words, thoughts, events and objects. For this reason, the field of classical studies is interdisciplinary in nature.
The degree offered is bachelor of arts in classics. Students may choose to concentrate in any one of five areas of study in the Department of Classics: classical archaeology, classical civilization, Greek, Latin, and combined Greek and Latin. Minors are offered in Greek, Latin, classical humanities, medieval studies and archaeology. Certain conditions apply to the minors in Greek and Latin. The minor in either classical language may not be used as an option for majors in classical archaeology who have chosen that language (Greek or Latin) to fulfill degree requirements (four courses beyond level 2). However, classical archaeology majors may elect a minor in the other classical language. Similarly, majors in classical civilization who are required to complete through level 4 in either Greek or Latin may elect a minor in the other classical language but not in the one used to satisfy degree requirements in the major.
Classical Archaeology
This concentration focuses on the material remains of prehistoric and classical antiquity, while also providing a background in civilization, history and at least one classical language. The program of study is designed to give students a basic knowledge of the art and architecture of the Greeks and Romans and to introduce them to the use of archaeology in the reconstruction of the past, including Egypt and the ancient Near East. Students interested in majoring in classical archaeology should consult the department as early as possible. The requirements for the major are CLAR 244 (Greek Archaeology) and CLAR 245 (Archaeology of Italy); CLAR 411 (Archaeological Field Methods) or ANTH 220 (Principles of Archaeology); four additional courses in classical archaeology, including two numbered between 400 and 699 (CLAR 120 may not be used to satisfy this requirement); GREK or LATN up to 204 or 205; HIST 225 (History of Greece) or HIST 226 (History of Rome); CLAS 391 (Junior Seminar). Classical archaeology majors may elect a minor in the classical language not chosen for the major concentration.
Classical Civilization
This major is designed to provide students with a broad, basic knowledge of the classical world and with skills in analysis, written and oral communication, and logical argument that will be applicable in any profession. The civilization program is not designed to lead to graduate work in classics, although students do sometimes go on in the field, and it is often taken as part of a double major. Students considering a major in classical civilization should consult the department as soon as possible. The requirements for the major are GREK or LATN 101-102 and 203-204 (GREK or LATN 205 may be taken in place of 204); four of the five core courses: CLAS 253 (Age of Pericles); CLAS 254 (Alexander and the Age of Hellenism) or HIST 421 (Alexander); CLAS 257 (Age of Augustus) or HIST 425 (Roman History); CLAS 258 (Age of the Early Roman Empire) or HIST 427 (Early Roman Empire); CLAS 259 (Christians and Pagans in the Age of Constantine); three additional courses chosen from Greek, Latin, ancient history, ancient philosophy, any classical archaeology or classics course(s) numbered above 259; CLAS 391 (Junior Seminar). Majors in classical civilization who are required to complete through level 204 in either Greek or Latin may elect a minor in the other classical language but not in the one used to satisfy degree requirements in the major.
Greek
The goal of the concentration in Greek is the development of a basic command of the language and a solid knowledge of the literature, history and culture of the Greeks. Students interested in an undergraduate major in Greek or in a combined major in Greek and Latin should consult the Department of Classics by the second semester of the sophomore year. Requirements for the major are GREK 101-102 and 203-204 (GREK 205 may be taken in place of 204) and five additional courses in Greek; HIST 225 (History of Greece) or a course numbered 400 or above in Greek history; CLAS 391 (Junior Seminar). For Greek as satisfying the language requirement for the B.A. degree, see the General Education section of this Bulletin.
Latin
The goal of the concentration in Latin is the development of a basic command of the language and a solid knowledge of the literature, history and culture of the Romans. Students interested in an undergraduate major in Latin or a combined major in Latin and Greek should consult the department by the second semester of the sophomore year. Requirements for the major are LATN 101-102 and 203-204 (LATN 205 may be taken in place of 204) and six additional courses in Latin; HIST 226 (History of Rome) or a course numbered 400 or above in Roman history; CLAS 391 (Junior Seminar). For Latin as satisfying the language requirement for the B.A. degree, see the General Education section of this bulletin.
Combined Greek and Latin
This is not a double major, but a concentration designed to develop facility in both ancient languages and in the literatures of both Greece and Rome. This program is recommended for students who have a strong interest in continuing classical languages at the graduate level. In this major students emphasize one language yet acquire facility in the other.
Greek Emphasis: GREK 101-102 and 203-204, and five more Greek courses; LATN 101-102 and 203-204, and three further Latin courses. (Note: GREK or LATN 205 may be taken in place of 204.) CLAS 391 and HIST 225 or 226 also are required.
Latin Emphasis: LATN 101-102 and 203-204, LATN 221, and four more Latin courses; GREK 101-102 and 203-204, and three further Greek courses. (Note: GREK or LATN 205 may be taken in place of 204.) CLAS 391 and HIST 225 or 226 also are required.
The undergraduate minor in Greek consists of four courses in Greek, including GREK 204 (intermediate Greek) or GREK 205 (New Testament) and three courses numbered 206 or higher. The minor in Greek may not be used as an option for majors in classical archaeology who have chosen that language to fulfill degree requirements in that major (four courses beyond level 102).
The undergraduate minor in Latin consists of four courses in Latin, including LATN 204 and four additional courses in Latin beyond that level. The minor in Latin may not be used as an option for majors in classical archaeology who have chosen that language to fulfill degree requirements in that major (four courses beyond level 102).
The undergraduate minor in classical humanities consists of five courses: CLAS 131 (Mythology); CLAS 121 (The Greeks) or CLAS 122 (The Romans); two classics courses numbered above 132 or any course(s) in Greek or Latin language; CLAR 244 (Greek Archaeology) or CLAR 245 (Archaeology of Italy).
The department also serves as home to an interdisciplinary minor in medieval studies. This minor consists of five courses, distributed across three departments, chosen according to the needs and interests of the student in consultation with the advisor. The five courses need to include one of the following core courses: ENGL 319, HIST 107, or HIST 227. For further information and to register, please contact the advisor for the minor in medieval studies in the Department of Classics.
The minor in archaeology draws on a number of disciplines and departments - principally anthropology, classics and art - in the study of the ancient world, the reconstruction of past lifeways, and the interpretation of ancient social, political and economic systems. The minor consists of five courses: two core courses (no more than one of which can be a field school), one comparative course, one area studies course and one topical course. The courses used to satisfy these requirements must come from at least two departments. At least one of the courses used to fulfill the minor's requirements must be numbered 300 or above.
Core Courses (choose two, no more than one of which is a field school):
ANTH 220, 451, 453; CLAR 411, 650
Comparative Courses (choose one): ANTH 120, 145, 148, 412, 456, 468; CLAR 120
Area-Studies Courses (choose one): ANTH 231, 350, 359; CLAR 75 (first year students only), 243, 241, 244, 245, 262, 375, 464, 465, 475, 488, 781; RELI 110
Topical Courses (choose one): ANTH 143, 252, 411, 413, 414, 415, 416, 417, 418, 452,
455, 456, 458, 460; CLAR 75 (first year students only); RELI 512.
The minor helps prepare students for graduate study in anthropological archaeology, classical archaeology, cultural resource management and historical preservation. It also provides any student with a strong intellectual interest in archaeology with a structured introduction to this field. Students interested in the minor in archaeology may contact Donald Haggis, director of undergraduate studies, and consult the Web site: rla.unc.edu/Teaching/ArchMinor.html.
Classics majors wishing to take part in the departmental Honors Program during their senior year must have a grade point average of at least 3.2 at the beginning of their senior year and maintain an average no lower than this through their final semester in order to be eligible for honors consideration.
The program consists of two courses, CLAS 691H and CLAS 692H, taken sequentially in the fall and spring semesters. CLAS 691H involves a directed reading in Greek, Latin or archaeology in a general area of the student's interest and is conducted under the supervision of a faculty member chosen by the student to serve as the honors advisor. Requirements of the course include the preparation of a thesis prospectus with accompanying bibliography and a preliminary oral examination by the student's thesis committee. A grade for CLAS 691H is assigned on the basis of the total semester's work. CLAS 692H entails the writing of the thesis under the direction of the honors advisor and a final oral defense before the candidate's committee. This body, in turn, reports its judgment to the department. If a degree with honors is to be awarded, a recommendation for either honors or, for particular merit, highest honors is made.
Departmental Involvement
The Department of Classics supports a number of activities, including informal reading groups, the UNC Classics Club - the principal student-run organization, and annual oral performances and competitions in recitation and translation of Greek and Latin texts.
Experiential Education
Students in the Department of Classics participate in archaeological field work as research assistants, as part of independent or directed study toward the completion of a senior honors thesis or as Fulbright scholars.
Study Abroad
Students are encouraged to apply to study in Rome at the Intercollegiate Center for Classical Studies or at the American Academy, or in Athens at the College Year in Athens or at the American School Summer Program. Certain University scholarships may be used to help fund study abroad (see also The Nims Scholarship, below).
Field Schools: The department runs two field schools, one at Azoria (Crete) and the other in the Cecina Valley (Tuscany). In addition, UNC Classics students have joined excavations - as volunteers or trench supervisors - at Aqaba on the Red Sea in Jordan, Caesarea in Israel, in the Athenian Agora or in the ancient Roman town of Pompeii.
The Intercollegiate Center for Classical Studies in Rome (www.aas.duke.edu/study_abroad/iccs/iccs.html): The department is a founding member of the ICCS and regularly sends students there for a semester. The ICCS offers a program of study in Latin, Greek, archaeology, art history, ancient history and Italian for juniors and first semester seniors. Students attend for one semester.
College Year in Athens (www.cyathens.org/cya): The department regularly sends undergraduate students to summer, semester and year-long programs at the CYA in Athens, Greece. CYA offers a variety of courses in Greek and Latin, classics, archaeology, Aegean prehistory, Greek and Mediterranean history, Greek anthropology, architecture, religion, ancient art, and modern Greek language and literature. The year and semester programs consist of numerous trips to sites around mainland Greece, Crete and the Aegean, as well as a number of regular courses actually taught on site or in Greek museums.
The American School in Athens (www.ascsa.org) offers two summer sessions that run more or less concurrently. Advanced undergraduates are eligible to apply for the school's regular, year-long program for the year following their graduation.
Other foreign study opportunities for which UNC undergraduate students are eligible include the program provided by the Vergilian Society of America.
Undergraduate Awards
Several prizes are available to undergraduate majors, including the Herington Prize (recitation of Greek and Latin poetry and prose), the Nims Scholarship (need based aid through the Student Aid Office), the Albert Suskin Prize in Latin, the Eben Alexander Prize in Greek, the Herington Scholarship, the Epps Prize in Greek Studies and the Manson A. Stewart Scholarship.
Undergraduate Research
Classics majors may choose to write an honors thesis during their senior year. The research topic is customarily selected in the spring semester of the junior year, in consultation with the student's advisor and the director of undergraduate studies. The subject is usually derived from areas explored in advanced coursework, allowing a more detailed and in-depth examination of the topic. For a list of past senior theses, see the departmental Web site (www.classics.unc.edu/ugradresearch.html).
Master of Arts in Teaching in Latin
Students who wish to be certified to teach in public high schools should major in Latin and then apply for admission to the M.A.T. program in the School of Education. They also should discuss their plans with the School of Education no later than their junior year.
The undergraduate curriculum prepares majors for specialized graduate study in classical studies: classical philology, comparative literature, archaeology (prehistoric, classical and Byzantine), medieval studies, philosophy, art history, ancient history or linguistics. While graduating students continue to pursue professional and graduate programs in the humanities and social sciences, they also utilize their skills in a diversity of professions such as field archaeology, art, conservation and cultural resource management, among others. Graduating majors (and double majors and minors) have pursued degree programs and careers in a variety of other fields such as law, medicine, physics, museology, high-school teaching, anthropology, archaeological conservation, contract archaeology, Latin American studies, Egyptology, theology and poetry.
Questions and requests regarding degree tracks and programs should be directed to Donald Haggis, Director of Undergraduate Studies, CB# 3145, 226 Murphey Hall, (919) 962-7640, dchaggis@email.unc.edu.
CLAR Classical Archaeology
050 First-Year Seminar: Art in the Ancient City (3). The course offers a comparative perspective on the archaeology of ancient Egypt and Bronze Age Greece (3000-1100 B.C.) exploring the public art produced by these two early Mediterranean societies: the Aegean Bronze Age palace centers of Crete and Mainland Greece and the territorial state of ancient Egypt.
075 [006J] First-Year Seminar: The Archaeology of Death in the Ancient Mediterranean (3). This course explores the archaeology of ancient Mesopotamia, Egypt and Greece by focusing on cemeteries - methods of burial, the treatment of the dead, burial rituals, post-burial cults, curses and curse tablets, and human sacrifice.
076 [006J] First-Year Seminar: Art in the Ancient City (3). This course offers a comparative perspective on the archaeology of ancient Egypt and Bronze Age Greece (3000-1100 B.C.) exploring the public art produced by these two early Mediterranean societies: the Aegean Bronze Age palace centers of Crete and Mainland Greece and the territorial state of ancient Egypt.
110 [028] First-Year Seminar: The Archaeology of Palestine in the New Testament Period (JWST 110, RELI 110) (3). This course surveys the archaeology of Palestine (Modern Israel and Jordan) from the Persian Period (ca. 586 B.C.) to the Muslim Conquest (640 A.D.).
120 [020] Ancient Cities (3). An introduction to Near Eastern and classical archaeology through study of representative cities from Neolithic times to the period of the Roman Empire. May not be used to help satisfy the degree requirements for the major in classical archaeology.
241 [047] Archaeology of Ancient Near East (3). A survey of the cultures of the ancient Near East, Mesopotamia, Anatolia (modern Turkey) and the Levant, from the first settled villages of the ninth millennium to the Persian conquest of Babylon in 539 B.C.
242 [048] Archaeology of Egypt (3). A survey of the archaeological remains of ancient Egypt, from the earliest settlements of the neolithic period until the second century B.C.
243 [041] Minoans and Mycenaeans: The Archaeology of Bronze Age Greece (3). The course is a survey of the material culture of Greece, the Cyclades and the eastern Mediterranean from the paleolithic period (ca. 50,000 years ago) until the end of the Bronze Age (ca. 1,200 B.C.). The primary focus will be the urbanized palatial centers that emerged in mainland Greece (Mycenaean) and the island of Crete (Minoan) in the second millennium B.C.
244 [049] Greek Archaeology (3). The historical development of the art and architecture of Greece from the Bronze Age through the Hellenistic period.
245 [050] Archaeology of Italy (3). The historical development of the Italian peninsula as seen in its physical remains, with emphasis upon Etruscan and Roman sites.
246 [051] History of Early Christian and Byzantine Art (3). An introduction to the history of Christian art in Italy and the eastern Mediterranean from the time of Constantine (c. 300) to the end of the Byzantine Empire (fall of Constantinople in 1453). Major monuments and art forms will be studied with an emphasis on their historical and cultural context.
262 [077] Art of Classical Greece (ART 262) (3). See ART for description.
263 [078] Roman Art (ART 263) (3). The arts of Rome, particularly architecture, sculpture and painting, proceeded by a survey of Etruscan and Hellenic art and their influence on Rome.
375 [075] The Archaeology of Cult: The Material Culture of Greek Religion (RELI 317) (3). This course examines the archaeological context of Greek religion, cults and associated rituals from the Bronze Age until the Hellenistic period with emphasis on urban, rural and panhellenic sanctuaries, and methods of approaching ancient religion and analyzing cult practices.
411 [111] Archaeological Field Methods (3). Systematic introduction to archaeological field methods, especially survey and excavation techniques.
440 [140] Problems in the History of Classical Ideas (3 each). Prerequisite, permission of the department.
445 [148] Art in the Age of Justinian and Theodora (3). Prerequisite, any course in history, art history, classics, or permission of instructor. Interdisciplinary course is based on monuments, history and contemporary writings of the Byzantine empire during the rule of Justinian I (527 - 565) and the empress Theodora (527 - 548). Approach will be comparative, analytical and contextual, and will include a feminist.
448 [149A] Constantinople: The City and Its Art (3). Prerequisite, any course in history, art history, classics, or permission of instructor. Interdisciplinary study of the city of Constantinople, capital of the Byzantine empire from 325 to 1453, with emphasis on the artistic, social and cultural context. Includes study of monuments and their decoration, objects, contemporary documents and sources, all within a chronological, historical framework.
449 [149B] In Constantinople (3). Prerequisite, CLAR 448 or permission of instructor. This course, taught primarily in Istanbul, once Constantinople, capital of the Byzantine empire 325 - 1453, provides first-hand experience with monuments and an overview of the history, topography and culture of this great city.
460 [193] Greek Painting (ART 460) (3). See ART for description.
461 [194] Archaic Greek Sculpture (ART 461) (3). See ART for description.
462 [195] Classical Greek Sculpture (ART 462) (3). See ART for description.
463 [196] Hellenistic Greek Sculpture (ART 463) (3). See ART for description.
464 [190] Greek Architecture (ART 464) (3). Prerequisite, CLAR 244 or permission.
465 [191] Architecture of Etruria and Rome (ART 465) (3). Prerequisite, CLAR 245 or permission.
475 [192] Rome and the Western Provinces (3). Survey of the material remains of the Western provinces of the Roman Empire, with attention to their historical context and significance.
488 [188] The Archaeology of the Near East in the Iron Age (3). Prerequisite, CLAR 241 or permission. A survey of the principal sites, monuments and art of the Iron Age Near East, ca. 1200 to 500 B.C.
489 [189] The Archaeology of Anatolia in the Bronze and Iron Ages (3). Prerequisite, CLAR 241 or permission. A survey of Anatolian archaeology from the third millennium through the sixth century B.C.
512 [110] Ancient Synagogues (JWST 512, RELI 512) (3). Prerequisite, RELI 110 or consent. This is a course on ancient synagogues in Palestine and the Diaspora from the Second Temple period to the seventh century A.D.
561 [182] Mosaics: The Art of Mosaic in Greece, Rome and Byzantium (3). Prerequisite, any course in classics, art history or religious studies. Traces the development of mosaic technique from Greek antiquity through the Byzantine Middle Ages as revealed by archaeological investigations and closely analyzes how this dynamic medium conveyed meaning.
650 [153] Field School in Classical Archaeology (6). This course is an introduction to archaeological field methods and excavation techniques. For a period of five and one-half weeks, the student will participate in all aspects of archaeological fieldwork. The purpose is to allow the student to work directly with field archaeologists and specialists in the field and to do the actual digging and data processing, while reflecting on the broader aims of archaeological research.
CLAS Classics in English/Classical Civilization
053 [006M] First-Year Seminar: Famous Courtroom Trials of Antiquity (3). This first-year seminar will look at speeches delivered in some of the most famous trials of antiquity. Students will examine the facts of the case, the laws relevant to it, legal procedure used in the ancient world, and, most importantly, how the speaker presents his case, including types of argument, structure of speeches and stylistic considerations.
054 [006M] First-Year Seminar: Crime and Violence in the Ancient World (3). Crime and violence are all too familiar aspects of modern Western societies. Movies like "Gladiator" or "The Passion of the Christ" suggest that Greek and Roman civilization were nothing but gory. This first-year seminar will challenge this view and approach this topic from various perspectives. By reading sources in translation students will investigate what forms of violence were common.
055 [006M] First-Year Seminar: Three Greek and Roman Epics (3). This first-year seminar will involve a close reading of Homer's Iliad and Odyssey and Vergil's Aeneid, and as a transition from Homer to Vergil, students will also read the tragedies of Sophocles from fifth-century Athens.
056 [006M] First-Year Seminar: Women and Men in Euripides (3). What can be learned from Greek tragedy about human nature? This first-year seminar will serve, first of all, as an introduction to Euripidean drama in its cultural and historical setting in fifth-century Athens.
058 [006M] First-Year Seminar: What's So Funny? Women and Comedy from Athens to Hollywood (3). This first-year seminar will consider what Greeks and Romans found funny, as well as how that humor translated (or not) into modern America. Students will write and present publicly a short comic play that represents the themes they identify and study in this seminar.
059 [006M] First-Year Seminar: Plutarch and the Roots of Modern Biography (3). This first-year seminar is an investigation into the telling of lives: the methods, purposes and characteristics of biographies both ancient and modern.
060 [006M] First-Year Seminar: Love, War, Death and Family Life in Classical Myth (3). This first-year seminar studies parent-child relations, gender dynamics and conflict in mythic families. Students will study these mythic families, looking especially at parent-child relations, gender dynamics and conflict; the seminar will ask what aspects of ancient culture are revealed by these legends and stories.
062 Barbarians in Greek and Roman Culture (3). A study of Greek and Roman depictions of non-Greeks and non-Romans in both literary and visual sources, with consideration of their origin, development and social roles.
064 [006K] First-Year Seminar: Cinema and the Ancient World (3). In this first-year seminar, students will investigate what films set in classical Roman antiquity say about contemporary culture, and will also attempt to understand their impact on the shaping of our sense of history.
065 [006K] First-Year Seminar: The City of Rome (3). This first-year seminar is an introduction to the history and art of the city of Rome from antiquity through the present. Students will survey the entire period, but will look in particular at four specific periods in the city's life: the early second century AD (the height of the Roman Empire); the early ninth century AD (the Middle Ages; Charlemagne); the early 15th century (the Renaissance; Raphael, Michelangelo and the new St. Peter's); and the last 15 years, from about 1990 to the present.
065 First-Year Seminar: Plutarch and Modern Biography (3). This course is an investigation into the telling of lives: the methods, purposes and characteristics of biographies both ancient and modern.
066 [006K] First-Year Seminar: Sailing to Byzantium (3). This first-year seminar will explore selected aspects of Byzantium as hinted at in W.B. Yeats' famous poem, "Sailing to Byzantium" (1927) such as: icons, goldsmithing, monasticism, poetry, mosaics and people of the imperial court.
071 [006G] First-Year Seminar: The Architecture of Empire (3). The goal of the first-year seminar will be to examine the architecture of ancient empires, beginning with that of Egypt and ending with the Roman Empire. Analysis will be particularly concerned with the use of architecture as an instrument of empire.
072 [006G] First-Year Seminar: Greek and Roman Education (3). This first-year seminar introduces students to forms of education in Greek and Roman antiquity, including education practices from early childhood to higher education.
073 [006G] First-Year Seminar: Life in Ancient Pompeii (3). A study of this well-preserved ancient site provides an understanding of life in an Italian town during the early Roman empire. Students will study town planning, architecture, the arts, social organization, politics, entertainment, artisanry, commerce and family life in this first-year seminar.
111 [011] Grammar (1). This course provides a systematic review of English grammar and style for students of Latin and Greek.
121 [020] The Greeks (3 each). Introduction to the history, literature, religion, philosophy, science, art and architecture of Greece from Homer to Alexander the Great. Emphasis on primary sources.
122 [021] The Romans (3 each). A survey of Roman civilization from the beginning to the late empire, dealing with history, literature, archaeology, philosophy and religion, technology, the economy, and social and political institutions.
125 [026] Word Formation and Etymology (3). Systematic study of the formation of words from Greek or Latin to build vocabulary and recognition. For medical terminology see CLAS 126.
126 [025] Medical Word Formation and Etymology (3). Systematic study of the formation of medical terms from Greek and Latin roots, to build vocabulary and recognition. For general etymology see CLAS 125.
131 [077] Myth, Story and Belief in Greek Literature (3 each). An introduction to myth, heroic lore and religion through the study of major works of Greek literature. Core readings: Homer, Hesiod and selections from tragic drama.
231 [031] The Theater in the Greek and Roman World (3). The physical setting and techniques of classical theater: tragedy, comedy and other public spectacles in Greece and Rome.
240 [051] Women in Greek Art and Literature (WMST 240/WMST 240H) (3 each). Course examines law, religion, medicine, social practices and ideologies in the lives of women in ancient Greece, from Homer to Hellenistic Egypt, using literature, art and epigraphy.
241 [053] Women in Ancient Rome (WMST 241/WMST 241H) (3 each). Course examines the life of women in ancient Rome, from the first beginnings of the organized community in Rome through the early Empire, a period of about 900 years. Also explores aspects of the lives of women in provinces governed by Rome.
242 [042] Sex and Gender in Antiquity (WMST 242) (3). Exploration of gender constructs, what it meant to be a woman or a man, in antiquity, as revealed in literary, historical and archaeological sources. Readings from Homer, Euripides, Plato, Ovid, Virgil, Juvenal, Petronius and other ancient authors.
245 [045] Women of Byzantium (WMST 245) (3). A study of women's roles and influence in the Late Antique and Byzantine world, through analysis of contemporary Byzantine texts by and about women, historical testimonies and works of art.
253 [033] The Age of Pericles (3 each). An introduction to classical civilization through study of its most important period in Greece. Attention to history, philosophy and art. Lecture and discussion.
254 [034] Alexander and the Age of Hellenism (3). An introduction to classical civilization through study of the period in which it spreads beyond mainland Greece to influence and partially merge with the cultures of the Near East, Egypt and Rome. Attention to history, literature, philosophy and art. Lectures and discussion.
257 [035] The Age of Augustus (3 each). An introduction to classical civilization through study of the literature, history and art of one of the most crucial periods in Roman history. Lectures and discussion.
258 [036] The Age of the Early Roman Empire (3). An introduction to the civilization of the Roman Empire through study of the literature, history and archaeology of its most colorful period.
259 [037] Pagans and Christians in the Age of Constantine (3). Introduction to the literature and culture of the time of the Roman Emperor Constantine. Special attention to the fundamental cultural and social changes resulting from the Christianization of the Empire.
263 [043] Athletics in the Greek and Roman World (3). Study of athletics as a unifying force in ancient society, emphasizing the Olympic games and other religious festivals. Consideration of athletic professionalism, propaganda and social trends using literary and archaeological sources.
265 [044] Technology and Culture in the Roman Empire (3). A survey of the state of technology in Rome during the first three centuries A.D. Consideration of the interrelationships of technology and government, art, economics and the quality of life.
269 [069] Representations of Cleopatra (CMPL 269, WMST 269) (3). Study of the life of Cleopatra and how her story has been reinvented in postclassical societies, often as a mirror image of their own preoccupations, in literature, art, movies and opera.
361 [061] Homer and the Heroic Age of Greece (3). The Iliad, the Odyssey. Hesiod, heroic and oral poetry. The archaeology of Homeric Greece, the study and influence of the Homeric poems in modern times.
362 [062] The Tragic Dimension in Classical Literature (3). The nature of the tragic and the function of tragic drama. The development and sources of Greek tragedy. Aristotle's Poetics.
363 [063] Latin and Greek Lyric Poetry in Translation (3). Introduction to the lyric and elegiac poetry of antiquity in English translation, including Hesiod, Sappho, Catullus, Ovid and Horace.
364 [064] The Classical Background of English Poetry (CMPL 364) (3). Study of classical writers' influence on selected genres of English poetry.
390 [091] Topics in Classical Studies (3). Students may suggest to the chair of the department topics for individual or group study. Advance arrangements required.
391 [090] Junior Seminar (3). Prerequisite, junior standing. All departmental majors will jointly explore the history, archaeology, art and literature of one or more geographical regions of the Mediterranean. Several oral and written reports; seminar format.
409 [109] Historical Literature Greek and Roman (3). The study in English translation of selections from Herodotus, Thucydides, Livy, Tacitus and others, with consideration of their literary qualities and their readability as historians.
415 [115] Roman Law (3). Introduction to Roman Law, public and private. On the basis of Roman texts in translation (or the original if desired), consideration of (a) the principles of Roman constitutional law and (b) the legal logic and social importance of Roman Civil Law.
418 [118] Byzantine Civilization (3). Introduction to Intellectual and social history of the Byzantine Empire from Justinian to 1453, noting the interaction of classical and Christian culture and Byzantium's influence on neighboring peoples and on the Renaissance.
540 [140] Problems in the History of Classical Ideas (3 each). Prerequisite, permission of the department.
547 [147] Approaches to Women in Antiquity (3). Prerequisite, instructor approval. Graduate students and senior classics majors. Intensive interdisciplinary introduction to women in antiquity, using literary, historical and visual materials.
691H [097] Honors Course (3 each). Honors course for departmental majors in classical archaeology, classical civilization, Greek and Latin.
GREK Greek
101 [001]/102 [002] Elementary Classical Greek (4 each). Comprehensive coverage of basic grammar and syntax in two semesters, preparing students for reading Plato or Xenophon in GREK 203 (and with instructor's permission New Testament Greek in GREK 205).
121 Elementary Modern Greek (4). The course introduces the essential elements of structure, vocabulary of the modern Greek language and aspects of Greek culture. Aural comprehension, speaking, reading and writing are stressed in that order. It continues with the proficiency-based instruction, with emphasis on further development and refinement of speaking, listening, reading and writing skills including a review and continuation of grammar.
122 Elementary Modern Greek (4). Continuation of GREK 121.
203 [003]/ 204 [004] Intermediate Greek (3 each). Prerequisite, GREK 101-102 or equivalent. Review of fundamentals; reading in selected classical texts, such as Xenophon, Plato, Euripides or others.
205 [005] Greek New Testament (3). Prerequisite, GREK 203 or equivalent.
221 [021] Advanced Greek I (3). Substantial readings from Homer's Iliad or Odyssey, the remainder of the selected poems to be read in translation.
222 [022] Advanced Greek II (3). Readings from one or more Greek Tragedies.
351 [051] Classical Greek Prose (3). Prerequisite, GREK 221. Readings in Herodotus, Thucydides, Plato or other authors. With permission of the department, this course may be repeated for credit.
352 [052] Greek Poetry (3). Prerequisite, GREK 222. Readings in Sappho, Aeschylus and other authors. With permission of the department, this course may be repeated for credit.
396 [091] Special Readings in Greek Literature (3). Prerequisite, GREK 222.
409 [458] Greek New Testament (3). Prerequisite, GREK 221 or equivalent. On application by five or more students.
506 [726] Greek Dialects (3). Prerequisite, permission of the instructor. Survey of the major dialects of Classical Greek and study of their derivation from Common Greek. Texts include both literary and epigraphical sources from the eighth century BCE to the Hellenistic Period.
507 [107] Greek Composition (3). Prerequisite, GREK 221.
508 [108] Readings in Early Greek Poetry (3). Prerequisite, GREK 221 or GREK 222.
509 [109] Readings in Greek Literature of the Fifth Century (3). Prerequisite, GREK 221 or GREK 222.
510 [110] Readings in Greek Literature of the Fourth Century (3). Prerequisite, GREK 221 or GREK 222.
540 [140]/ 541 [141] Problems in the History of Classical Ideas (3 each). Prerequisite, permission of the department.
LATN Latin
101 [001]/ 102 [002] Elementary Latin (4 each). The basic elements of Latin grammar, practice in reading and writing Latin, introduction to Roman civilization through a study of the language of the Romans.
111 [013] Accelerated Beginning Latin (4). Prerequisites, permission of the instructor and the director of the elementary Latin program. Taught in conjunction with 601 in the fall and independently in the spring. Undergraduates accelerate through Latin grammar, acquiring in a single semester the material covered in LATN 101 and LATN 102 - that is, introductory grammar as presented in Wheelock's Latin. Students meet for a fourth session, which is dedicated to Latin prose composition. Students who successfully complete the course may enter either LATN 203 or LATN 212. Course can be counted toward the fulfillment of the language requirement.
203 [003]/ 204 [004] Intermediate Latin (3 each). Review of fundamentals. Reading in selected texts such as Catullus, Ovid, Cicero or others.
205 [005] Medieval Latin (3). Prerequisite, LATN 203 or equivalent.
212 [014] Accelerated Intermediate Latin (4). Prerequisites, LATN 102 or LATN 111 and permission of the director of the intermediate Latin program. Taught in conjunction with 602 in the spring. Undergraduates reinforce their understanding of Latin grammar, increase their vocabulary and improve their skills in reading and translation. Students meet for a fourth session, which is devoted to grammar, style and poetics.
221 [021] Vergil (3). Prerequisite, LATN 204 or placement. Systematic review of Latin grammar. Reading in Virgil's Aeneid, normally two books in Latin, and the remainder in translation. First-year and sophomore elective.
222 [022] Cicero: The Man and His Times (3). Prerequisite, LATN 204 or placement. Careful reading of selected works of Cicero, exercises in Latin composition.
331 [031] Roman Historians (3). Prerequisite, LATN 221. Readings in Caesar, Sallust and/or Livy.
332 [032] Roman Comedy (3). Prerequisite, LATN 221. Readings in Plautus and Terence, or both.
333 [033] Lyric Poetry (3). Prerequisite, LATN 221. Reading in Catullus and Horace.
334 [034] Augustan Poetry (3). Prerequisite, LATN 221. Reading in Ovid, Tibullus, Propertius or other poets.
335 [035] Roman Elegy (3). Prerequisite, LATN 221 or permission of instructor. This course studies Ovid, Propertius and Tibullus, focusing on themes such as love, male-female relations, politics, war, Roman culture and poetry itself.
351 [051] Lucretius (3). Prerequisite, LATN 221. Reading in Lucretius and related works.
352 [052] Petronius and the Age of Nero (3). Prerequisite, LATN 221.
353 [053] Satire (Horace and Juvenal) (3). Prerequisite, LATN 221.
354 [054] Tacitus and Pliny's Letters (3). Prerequisite, LATN 221.
396 [091] Special Readings in Latin Literature (3). Prerequisite, LATN 221 or permission of instructor.
510 [110] Introductory Latin Composition (3). Prerequisite, LATN 222 or the equivalent. Review of Latin grammar and idiom, exercises in composition, introduction to stylistics.
511 [111] Readings in Latin Literature of the Republic (3). Prerequisite, LATN 221 or LATN 222.
512 [112] Readings in Latin Literature of the Augustan Age (3). Prerequisite, LATN 221 or LATN 222.
513 [113] Readings in Latin Literature of the Empire (3). Prerequisite, LATN 221 or LATN 222.
514 [114] Readings in Latin Literature of Later Antiquity (3). Prerequisite, LATN 221 or LATN 222 or the equivalent.
530 [130] An Introduction to Medieval Latin (3). Prerequisite, LATN 221 or LATN 222, or equivalent. Survey of Medieval Latin literature from its beginnings through the high Middle Ages.
540 [140]/ 541 [141] Problems in the History of Classical Ideas (3 each). Prerequisite, permission of the department.