Curriculum in Peace, War, and Defense
JOSEPH T. GLATTHAAR (History), Chair
Advisory Committee
Navin Bapat (Political Science), Bernard R. Boxill (Philosophy), E. Willis Brooks (History), Peter Coclanis (History), Mark Crescenzi (Political Science), Cori Dauber (Communication Studies), Don Higginbotham (History), Mark Hubbard (Aerospace Studies), Richard Kohn (History), Charles Kurzman (Sociology), Wayne Lee (History), Douglas MacLean (Philosophy), Stephen Matts (Naval Science), Eric Mlyn (Director of DukeEngage, Duke University), Russel Van Wyk (Continuing Education), Jonathan Weiler (International Studies), Monte Yoder (Military Science).
Adjunct Professors
Christopher Armitage (English), Joseph Glatthaar (History), Richard Kohn (History).
Adjunct Associate Professors
Cori Dauber (Communications Studies), Wayne Lee (History), Jim McCoy (History).
Adjunct Assistant Professor
Navin Bapat.
Adjunct Lecturer
Joseph Caddell (History).
Introduction
Peace and war are among the oldest dreams and most difficult challenges of human experience. The curriculum brings together faculty and courses from many disciplines to provide undergraduates with a wide range of approaches to the fundamental issues of human conflict and national and global security and defense. The curriculum prepares majors for graduate work in several of the humanities and social sciences, for a variety of professional schools, and for a wide range of employment. Graduates have found employment with federal agencies, state and local governments, banks and other businesses. Others have attended graduate and professional schools in government, history, international relations, and law. The strength of the curriculum is its broad interdisciplinary perspective combined with its depth of focus on topics that span the range of human experience across time and national boundaries, from science and technology to ethics and public policy.
The curriculum introduces majors to interdisciplinary perspectives with a core of three courses: HIST/PWAD 351 Global History of Warfare; PHIL/PWAD 272 The Ethics of Peace, War, and Defense; and PWAD 350 National and International Security.
A flexible program of electives permits majors to concentrate in one of three topical areas: the culture of peace and war; national and international defense and security; and the evolution of warfare. In addition to course work, the curriculum sponsors guest speakers and field trips, and provides majors with help and advice on internships and career planning.
Program of Study
The degree offered is bachelor of arts in peace, war, and defense.
Majoring in Peace, War, and Defense: Bachelor of Arts
All General Education requirements must be met. Majors should consider, in fulfilling General Education requirements, the following courses as helpful preparation for the curriculum: ANTH 101; ECON 101; HIST 127, 128, 140, 158, 159; MATH 152; PHIL 160, 170; POLI 100, 150, 239; PSYC 101; SOCI 101; and STOR 151.
A minimum of nine courses (27 hours) from the curriculum’s offerings as follows.
Core Requirement: three courses
• HIST/PWAD 351 Global History of Warfare
• PHIL/PWAD 272 The Ethics of Peace, War, and Defense
• PWAD 350 National and International Security
Concentration Requirement: four courses (no more than three from any one discipline) from one of the following areas:
The Culture of Peace and War
• AFRI 520 Contemporary Southern Africa
• ANTH 280 Anthropology of War and Peace
• ARAB 452 Imagining Palestine
• COMM 376 The Rhetoric of War and Peace
• COMM 390 Selected Topics (with approval, based on topic)
• COMM 574 War and Culture
• ENGL 659 War in 20th-Century Literature
• ENGL 660 War in Shakespeare’s Plays
• HIST 132 Southeast Asia since Early 19th Century
• HIST 134 Modern East Asia
• HIST 254 War and Society in Early Modern Europe
• HIST 262 History of the Holocaust: The Destruction of the European Jews
• HIST 263 Military, War, and Gender in Movies
• HIST 268 War, Revolution, and Culture: Trans-Atlantic Perspectives, 1750–1850
• HIST 275 History of Iraq
• HIST 276 The Modern Middle East -
• HIST 277 The Conflict over Israel/Palestine
• HIST 281 The Pacific War, 1937-1945: Its Causes and Legacy
• HIST 373 The United States in World War II
• HIST 421 Alexander
• HIST 422 Ancient Greek Warfare
• HIST 565 Civil War and Reconstruction, 1848-1900
• HIST 570 The Vietnam War
• LAW 890 International Law (permission of the instructor required)
• PLCY 455 9/11 and Its Aftermath
• POLI 250 Asia and World Affairs
• POLI 416 Constitutional Policies and the Judicial Process
• POLI 423 Peace Settlements in Ethnically Divided Societies
• POLI 444 Terrorism (approval pending)
• POLI 450 Contemporary Inter-American Relations
• POLI 457 International Conflict Processes
• PSYC 499 Current Topics in Psychology (with approval, based on topic)
• RELI 481 Religion, Fundamentalism, and Nationalism
• ROML 604 Violence and Religion in Literature from Epic to Novel
• RUES 260 Crisis and Change in Russia and Eastern Europe
• RUES 469 Conflict and Intervention in the Former Yugoslavia
• RUSS 475 Literature of Russian Terrorism: Arson, Bombs, Mayhem
• SLAV 084 First-Year Seminar: Terror for the People: Terrorism in Russian Literature and History
• SLAV 085 First-Year Seminar: Children and War
• SLAV 465 Literature of Atrocity: The Gulag and the Holocaust in Russia and Eastern Europe
• SLAV 467 Language and Political Identity
• SOCI 442 Conflict and Bargaining
National and International Defense and Security
• AFRI 520 Contemporary Southern Africa
• ANTH 280 Anthropology of War and Peace
• ARAB 452 Imagining Palestine
• COMM 390 Selected Topics (with approval, based on topic)
• ECON 460 International Economics
• GEOG 120 World Regional Geography
• GEOG 453 Political Geography
• HIST 134 Modern East Asia
• HIST 213 Air Power and Modern Warfare
• HIST 262 History of the Holocaust: The Destruction of the European Jews
• HIST 277 The Conflict over Israel/Palestine
• HIST 577 United States Foreign Relations in the 20th Century
• HPAA 634 Public Health Issues in Community Preparedness and Disaster Management
• LAW 890 International Law (permission of the instructor required)
• PHYS 131 Energy: Physical Principles and the Quest for Alternatives to Dwindling Oil and Gas
• PLCY 101 Making American Public Policy
• PLCY 201 Introduction to Public Policy
• PLCY 220 The Politics of Public Policy
• PLCY 455 9/11 and Its Aftermath
• POLI 150 International Relations and World Politics
• POLI 231 Latin America and United States in World Politics
• POLI 250 Asia and World Affairs
• POLI 252 International Organizations and Global Issues
• POLI 253 Problems in World Order
• POLI 259 Evolution of the International System
• POLI 423 Peace Settlements in Ethnically Divided Societies
• POLI 443 American Foreign Policy: Formulation and Conduct
• POLI 444 Terrorism (approval pending)
• POLI 446 Defense Policy and National Security
• POLI 447 Theory of War
• POLI 450 Contemporary Inter-American Relations
• PSYC 499 Current Topics in Psychology (with approval, based on topic)
• PWAD 352 The History of Intelligence Operations (approval pending)
• RELI 481 Religion, Fundamentalism, and Nationalism
• RUES 260 Crisis and Change in Russia and Eastern Europe
• RUES 469 Conflict and Intervention in the Former Yugoslavia
• RUSS 475 Literature of Russian Terrorism: Arson, Bombs, Mayhem
• SLAV 084 First-Year Seminar: Terror for the People: Terrorism in Russian Literature and History
• SLAV 085 First-Year Seminar: Children and War
• SLAV 465 Literature of Atrocity: The Gulag and the Holocaust in Russia and Eastern Europe
• SLAV 467 Language and Political Identity
The Evolution of Warfare
• COMM 390 Selected Topics (with approval, based on topic)
• ENGL 660 War in Shakespeare’s Plays
• HIST 212 History of Sea Power
• HIST 213 Air Power and Modern Warfare
• HIST 254 War and Society in Early Modern Europe
• HIST 262 History of the Holocaust: The Destruction of the European Jews
• HIST 263 Military, War, and Gender in Movies
• HIST 268 War, Revolution, and Culture: Trans-Atlantic Perspectives, 1750–1850
• HIST 275 History of Iraq
• HIST 277 The Conflict over Israel/Palestine
• HIST 281 The Pacific War, 1937-1945: Its Causes and Legacy
• HIST 368 War and American Society to 1903
• HIST 369 War and American Society, 1903 to the Present
• HIST 373 The United States in World War II
• HIST 421 Alexander
• HIST 422 Ancient Greek Warfare
• HIST 468 War and Society in Early Modern Europe
• HIST 564 Revolution and Nation Making in America
• HIST 565 Civil War and Reconstruction, 1848–1877
• HIST 570 The Vietnam War
• HIST 577 United States Foreign Relations in the 20th Century
• POLI 150 International Relations and World Politics
• POLI 444 Terrorism (approval pending)
• POLI 446 Defense Policy and National Security
• POLI 447 Theory of War
• PSYC 499 Current Topics in Psychology (with approval, based on topic)
• PWAD 352 The History of Intelligence Operations (approval pending)
• SLAV 465 Literature of Atrocity: The Gulag and the Holocaust in Russia and Eastern Europe
Additional Requirement: two courses, one each from the two areas not chosen for the concentration.
Any course numbered 396 Independent Study in Peace, War, and Defense; 490 Selected Topics in Peace, War, and Defense; and PWAD 690, 691H, and 692H may be substituted for courses in the major with the permission of the chair.
Honors in Peace, War, and Defense
Majors who earn at least a 3.3 overall grade point average and at least a 3.3 grade point average in the major through their junior year may on application to the chair of the curriculum enroll in PWAD 691H and 692H Honors in Peace, War, and Defense. Students interested in honors should take a seminar in peace, war, and defense (PWAD 690), a seminar in history (HIST 391-397), or another course that provides background in research design. For students who wish to write an honors thesis in their senior year, a thesis topic should be approved by an appropriate thesis director by the end of the junior year. Students prepare an honors thesis in PWAD 691H and 692H and defend it orally. Based on faculty evaluation, the baccalaureate degree may be conferred with honors or with highest honors, or merely with course credit.
Special Opportunities in Peace, War, and Defense
Departmental Involvement
Undergraduates can participate in the activities and programs of the Triangle Institute for Security Studies at no cost by becoming a Wickershan Scholar. To become a scholar, a student must have a faculty sponsor and a demonstrated interest in international security studies. For more information contact Carolyn Pumphrey at 919-613-9280 or pumphrey@duke.edu.
Experiential Education
With the permission of the chair, majors can under special circumstances gain academic credit for internships or employment that relates directly to national and international security.
Study Abroad
The curriculum encourages all undergraduates to study abroad, either for a summer, semester, or entire year. Students should consult the study abroad Web site at study-abroad.unc.edu and visit the Study Abroad Office as early as possible in their course of study to meet with a study abroad advisor. A number of foreign programs contain courses that qualify for major credit. Of particular usefulness is study at the King’s College, University of London War Studies Department, the closest analogue to the Curriculum in Peace, War, and Defense in the English-speaking world and a program with a renowned faculty. Students with at least a 3.3 grade point average are eligible to apply to King’s. While supervision arrangements do need to be negotiated and agreed with relevant faculty at King’s College, students writing honors theses in their senior year may also apply to spend the year at King’s.
Undergraduate Research
Students who qualify are encouraged to experience original research by writing a senior honors thesis described in the honors section above.
Graduate School and Career Opportunities
The curriculum prepares majors for graduate work in several of the humanities and social sciences, for a variety of professional schools, and for a wide range of employment. Graduates work for federal agencies, state and local governments, nongovernmental organizations, businesses, and other employers. Others have attended graduate and professional schools in government, history, international relations, and law. The curriculum’s strength is its broad interdisciplinary perspective combined with its depth of focus on topics that span the range of human experience across time and national boundaries, from science and technology to ethics and public policy.
Contact Information
The curriculum’s offices are on the fourth floor of Hamilton Hall, where visitors and members of the University community are always welcome. Prospective majors should visit the chair of the curriculum, the program’s administrator/manager, and the Web site at www.unc.edu/depts/pwad as soon as they become interested.
PWAD
084 First-Year Seminar: Terror for the People: Terrorism in Russian Literature and History (SLAV 084) (3). Terror was used as a political weapon in 19th-century Russia. This seminar introduces the terrorists through their own writings and fictional representations in novels by Fyodor Dostoevsky and Joseph Conrad.
085 [006M] First-Year Seminar: Children and War (SLAV 085) (3). Readings for this seminar include children’s wartime diaries, adult memoirs of child-survivors, and fiction from Eastern Europe and east Asia. Focused on WWII, but with attention to present-day conflicts.
101 [048] Making American Public Policy (PLCY 101) (3). Overview of the study and making of American public policy. Study of the political and policy challenges in substantive areas such as health and social policy, environment, national security, education, trade and labor standards, regulation, and law and public policy.
120 [020] World Regional Geography (GEOG 120) (3). A survey of the geographic structure of human activity in major world regions and nations. Emphasizes current developments related to population, urbanization, and economic activity.
132 [032B] Southeast Asia since the Early 19th Century (ASIA 132, HIST 132) (3). See HIST 132 for description.
134 [034] Modern East Asia (ASIA 134, HIST 134) (3). Comparative and interdisciplinary introduction to China and Japan in the 19th and 20th centuries, focusing on impact of the West, nation-building, industrialization, and evolution of mass society.
150 [086] International Relations and World Politics (POLI 150) (3). The analysis of politics among nations.
201 [071] Introduction to Public Policy (PLCY 201) (3). Introduction to the elements of policy analysis by citizens, including definition of problems, criteria, alternatives, models, decision procedures, and political feasibility; illustrated by case studies.
212 [063] History of Sea Power (HIST 212) (3). The influence of sea power on international affairs will be surveyed from ancient times to the present. Emphasis on United States naval history and its interaction with diplomacy, economics, and technology.
213 [064] Air Power and Modern Warfare (AERO 213, HIST 213) (3). Examines air power theory and practice from 1914 to the present. Focuses on the application of air power as an instrument of war and the effectiveness of that application.
215 [078] Peace and War (HIST 215) (3). The emphasis will be historical, with conceptual tools from other disciplines used when appropriate. Theoretical explanations, militarism, the international system, internal order, and the search for peace will be examined.
220 [074] The Politics of Public Policy (PLCY 220) (3). Examines approaches to American politics and analyzes why government responds to problems in predictable ways.
231 [087] Latin America and the United States in World Politics (POLI 231) (3). A survey of the events, institutions, and issues that have dominated relations between Latin America and the United States.
250 [085] Asia and World Affairs (ASIA 250, POLI 250) (3). A survey of relations between the United States and major Asian powers: China, the USSR, and Japan.
252 [088] International Organizations and Global Issues (POLI 252) (3). Examines international organizations and their relationships with and impact upon international politics, international law, and selected global issues.
253 [081] Problems in World Order (POLI 253) (3). An examination of selected topics in international relations, such as security and defense, international integration, and north-south relations.
259 [082] Evolution of the International System (POLI 259) (3). An examination of changes in the nature of the international system from about 1870 to the present, emphasizing changing patterns of alliance politics and crisis behavior.
260 [058] Crisis and Change in Russia and Eastern Europe (POLI 260, RUES 260, SOCI 260) (3). See RUES 260 for description.
262 [052] History of the Holocaust: The Destruction of the European Jews (HIST 262, JWST 262) (3). See HIST 262 for description.
263 Military, War, and Gender in Movies (HIST 263) (3). The course examines the interrelations between changes in warfare, the military system, and the gender order in Europe from medieval to modern time, and its reflection in international movies.
268 War, Revolution, and Culture: Trans-Atlantic Perspectives, 1750–1850 (3). The course explores the dramatic historical changes between 1750 and 1850 and their intersection with and reflection in arts, literature, and music in trans-Atlantic perspective.
272 [068] The Ethics of Peace, War, and Defense (PHIL 272, POLI 272) (3). The legitimacy of states; just war theory; pacifism; the ethics of revolution; terrorism; problems of war in an age of weapons of mass destruction; the moral conditions of peace.
275 [077C] History of Iraq (ASIA 275, HIST 275) (3). History of Iraq from ancient times to the present.
277 [077B] The Conflict over Israel/Palestine (ASIA 277, PWAD 277) (3). Explores the conflict over Palestine during the last 100 years. Surveys the development of competing nationalisms, the contest for resources and political control that led to the partition of the region, the war that established a Jewish state, and the subsequent struggles between conflicting groups for land and independence.
280 [080] Anthropology of War and Peace (ANTH 280) (3). Cross-cultural perspectives on war in its relation to society, including both historical and contemporary examples. Surveys political, economic, and cultural approaches to warfare and peace making.
281 [083] The Pacific War, 1937–1945: Its Causes and Legacy (ASIA 281, HIST 281) (3). An examination of the origins of the Pacific War, the course of this bitter and momentous conflict, and its complex legacy for both Asia and the United States.
350 National and International Security (3). Permission of the curriculum. Introduction to the problem of war and violent conflict in human experience and the contemporary world, and efforts to prevent, avoid, or ameliorate war and its effects.
368 [076] War and American Society to 1903 (HIST 368) (3). The American military experience from colonial times to the early 20th century. Major themes include the problem of security, the development of military policies and institutions, and the way in which the country waged and experienced war.
369 [077] War and American Society, 20th Century (HIST 369) (3). Survey of America’s military experience in the 20th century, focusing on national security policy, military institutions, World Wars I and II, the Cold War, the Korean and Vietnam Wars, and recent interventions.
373 [073] The United States in World War II (HIST 373) (3). A history of the United States in World War II, 1941 to 1945: home front and military front.
376 [060] The Rhetoric of War and Peace (COMM 376) (3). Explores philosophical assumptions and social values expressed by advocates of war and peace through a critical examination of such rhetorical acts as speeches, essays, film, literature, and song.
396 Independent Study in Peace, War, and Defense (3). Prerequisite, permission of the instructor and the curriculum chair. Independent study and reading. Special reading and research activities in a selected field under the supervision of a faculty member.
416 [154] Constitutional Policies and the Judicial Process (POLI 416) (3). Analysis of the structure and functions of judicial systems emphasizing the organization, administration, and politics of judicial bureaucracies and roles of judges, juries, counsel, litigants, and interested groups in adjudication processes.
421 [101] Alexander (HIST 421) (3). The rise of Macedonia; the careers of Philip II and Alexander (with emphasis on the latter’s campaigns); the emerging Hellenistic Age. The course integrates computer (including Web site) and audiovisual materials throughout.
422 [106] Ancient Greek Warfare (HIST 422) (3). War and the warrior in the archaic and classical Greek world, seventh to fourth centuries BCE.
442 [143] Conflict and Bargaining (SOCI 442) (3). Conflict and conflict-resolution behavior. Applications to labor-management relations, family, sports, community politics, international relations.
443 [144] American Foreign Policy: Formulation and Conduct (POLI 443) (3). Prerequisite, POLI 150 or permission of the instructor. The role of Congress, the press, public opinion, the president, the secretary and the Department of State, the military, and the intelligence community in making American foreign policy. Emphasis is placed on the impact of the bureaucratic process on content of foreign policy.
446 [149] Defense Policy and National Security (AERO 446, POLI 446) (3). Prerequisite, POLI 150 or permission of the instructor. A study of national defense policy as affected by the constitutional and political setting, as well as its relation to foreign policy. Some attention to strategic doctrine.
447 [150] Theory of War (POLI 447) (3). See POLI 447 for description.
450 [147] Contemporary Inter-American Relations (POLI 450) (3). Prerequisite, POLI/PWAD 231 and/or POLI 238. A comprehensive analysis of hemispheric international relations and foreign policies of individual Latin American nations.
452 Imagining Palestine (ARAB 452) (3). Explores how Palestine is portrayed in writings, films, and other creative works and how Palestinian portrayals of homeland affect others’ perceptions of the Palestinian-Israeli conflict and the Arab world.
453 [153] Political Geography (GEOG 453) (3). Explores the geography of politics at the global, the nation-state, and the local scale in separate course units, but emphasizes the interconnections among these geographical scales throughout.
455 9/11 and Its Aftermath (PLCY 455) (3). Examines the nature of Islamic fundamentalist terrorism and strategies for addressing it, including analysis of post-9/11 changes to United States national security strategy, law enforcement and intelligence, and homeland security.
457 International Conflict Processes (3). Analysis of international conflict and the causal mechanisms that drive or prevent conflict. Emphasis on the conditions and processes of conflict incorporation between nations.
460 [161] International Economics (ECON 460, EURO 460) (3). Prerequisite, ECON 310 or 410. An introduction to international trade, the balance of payments, and related issues of foreign economic policy.
465 [165] Literature of Atrocity: The Gulag and the Holocaust in Russia and Eastern Europe (JWST 465, SLAV 465) (3). Literary representation in fiction, poetry, memoirs, and other genres of the mass annihilation and terror in Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union under the Nazi and Communist regimes.
467 [167] Language and Political Identity (SLAV 467) (3). See SLAV 467 for description.
468 [127B] War and Society in Early Modern Europe (HIST 254) (3). A critical examination, from the Renaissance to the Napoleonic period, of the changes in European land and naval warfare and their impact on society and government.
469 [168] Conflict and Intervention in the Former Yugoslavia (RUES 468) (3). Focuses on ethnic and political conflicts in the former Yugoslavia and efforts by the international community to end conflict and promote peace and reconstruction.
475 [175] Literature of Russian Terrorism: Arson, Bombs, Mayhem (RUSS 475) (3). Literary representations of Russian revolutionaries and terrorists in the 19th and 20th centuries. Readings by Dostoevsky, Chernyshevsky, Bely, Joseph Conrad, and by some of the terrorists themselves.
481 [120] Religion, Fundamentalism, and Nationalism (RELI 481) (3). An exploration of explosive combinations of religion and politics in the Iranian revolution, the Palestinian movement, Hindu nationalism in India, and Christian fundamentalism in America.
490 Special Topics in Peace, War, and Defense (3). Subject matter will vary with instructor, but will focus on some particular topic or historical approach. Course description available from departmental office.
520 [121] Contemporary Southern Africa (AFRI 520) (3). Prerequisite, AFRI 101 or equivalent. Study of the history, politics, and economic development of southern Africa in the 20th century.
564 [146] Revolution and Nation Making in America, 1763–1815 (HIST 564) (3). Major topics: constitutional conflict in the British Empire; independence and war; Confederation and Constitution; growth of political parties and nationality in a period of domestic change and international conflict.
565 [148] Civil War and Reconstruction, 1848–1900 (HIST 565) (3). Focus is on the causes, nature, and consequences of the Civil War.
570 [117] The Vietnam War (ASIA 570, HIST 570) (3). A wide-ranging exploration of America’s longest war, from 19th-century origins to 1990s legacies, from village battlegrounds to the Cold War context, from national leadership to popular participation and impact.
574 [162] War and Culture (COMM 574) (3). Examines American cultural myths about war generally and specifically about the causes of war, enemies, weapons, and warriors, and the way these myths constrain foreign and defense policy, military strategy, and procurement.
577 [152] United States Foreign Relations in the 20th Century (HIST 577) (3). How the United States came to occupy a leading role in world affairs as a diplomatic, military, economic, and cultural power and what that role has meant to Americans and to other peoples, especially during the Cold War.
604 [190] Violence and Religion in Literature from Epic to Novel (ROML 604) (3). Permission of the instructor. The sacred character of epic violence and its historical decline through a process of religious desacrilization associated with the emergence of the modern novel.
634 Public Health Issues in Community Preparedness and Disaster Management (HPAA 634) (3). Examines conventional public health constructs of community preparedness and disaster management. Includes a review of traditional and emerging literature. Emphasizes conceptual development and application of adaptive leadership strategies.
659 [196] War in 20th-Century Literature (ENGL 659) (3). A study of literary works written in English concerning World War I, or the Spanish Civil War and World War II, or the Vietnam War.
660 [196D] War in Shakespeare’s Plays (ENGL 660) (3). The focus is on Shakespeare’s various treatments of war in his plays: all his Roman histories, most of his English histories, all his tragedies, even some of his comedies.
690 [090] Seminars in Peace, War, and Defense (3). Seminars on aspects of peace, war, and defense. Past topics have included arms control, public opinion and national security, and the Cold War.
691H [091] Honors in Peace, War, and Defense (3). Permission of the curriculum chair. Directed research on an independent basis for majors who are preparing an honors thesis and for the oral examination on the thesis.
692H [092] Honors in Peace, War, and Defense (3). Prerequisite, PWAD 691H. Directed research on an independent basis for majors who are preparing an honors thesis and for the oral examination on the thesis.