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JOMC 50 Treasure Hunt
Jordan Bartel
Lab section 411, Thursday 5-650 p.m., Jim Carstens
Topic: Japanese Geisha


Section I: Introduction
My topic for this project is Japanese geisha. I have just recently become interested in geisha after reading Memoirs of a Geisha by Arthur Golden last month. Basically, all I know about geisha comes from the book. Geisha are Japanese women who are trained at a young age to become entertainers. They live in a house with other maiko, girls in training to become geisha, and are trained in several arts-flower arranging, dancing, tea service, and other elements of Japanese culture. They are often exquisitely dressed and immaculately "made up" with hairstyles and makeup. Geisha were, in the past, very prominent in Japanese life. After World War II, there numbers dwindled drastically but there are still several thousand in existence.
Contrary to popular misconception, geisha are not prostitutes. Their name literally means "art people." They are trained to be entertainers, performers, and also just to be able to interact with men and be witty. They have the right to refuse any kind of sexual relationship, although in the past their virginity was often auctioned off to the highest bidder, who usually then became their main provider, called a danna. However, the "virginity auction" no longer takes place.
Through researching my topic, I would like to discover what exactly a geisha is and why so many people may have misconceptions about them. I want to know their history, the various rituals and traditions associated with geisha life, as well as their place in Japanese society in the past, present, and future. My intended audience would be very widespread. I would hope a student in high school would be as interested in this topic as would a reader of a scholarly journal or national newspaper and magazine. Essentially, it would be anyone interested in another culture and wanting to understand an often-misunderstood profession.

Section II: Web Sources

Title of Web page: Japanese Geisha Women and Maiko Girls
Web Address: http://gojapan.about.com/library/weekly/aa080300a.htm
Brief Description: A three-part in-depth explanation of what a geisha is and their function in Japanese Society. This page covers clearly geisha history, traditions, culture, and way of life. Includes actual Japanese-language names for items, people, and instruments related to the geisha profession. A useful site that is easy to understand and navigate and almost overwhelmingly informative.
Source of Website: Author is Shizuko Mishima, "expert" on the "Japan" section of about.com


Title of Web page: Immortal Geisha-History, Stories and Biographies of Geisha and Maiko
Web Address: www.immortalgeisha.com
Brief Description: An interesting culmination of various elements of geisha life. Includes sections on history from 1000-1799, biographies of famous geishas of the past, and history of geisha beauty regimen. Though some sections are still under construction, the information included is thorough and un-biased research. This page also includes helpful links to other geisha sites, a geisha newsletter, information about geisha books, and other valuable resources.
Source of Website: The site is independently owned, operated, and written by Naomi Graham-Diaz, who, unhappy with the relatively small amount of geisha material on the web, decided to compile information and consolidate it on this in-depth site.


Title of Web page: Geisha of Japan
Web Address: http://marian.creighton.edu/~marianw/academics/english/japan/geisha/geisha.html
Brief Description: Very informative site that explains thoroughly what a geisha is, their role, history, and art. Also tackles issues pertaining to complex relationships between geisha and men, their trainers, and also, interestingly, their relations with the wife of the men they entertain. Contains a section about the future of geisha in modern Japan. The articles are very easy to read and packed with important information covering all bases of the life of a geisha. Also includes many full-color pictures of geisha and their surroundings and daily routines and also links to other sites concerning Japanese culture.
Source of Web Site: This informational site was probably a history class assignment. The link is from Marian High School in Omaha, Nebraska, which bills itself as "the most outstanding school for young women in the Midwest."

Title of Web Page: Geisha
Web address: http://www.geocities.com/yihyongbuayee/geisha.html
Brief Description: Extremely detailed and introspective college report about geisha. Page is lengthy and has a complete history of geisha and includes many Japanese terms related to geisha. The information is well written and also includes several sections devoted to tackling the issues of western-world geisha misconceptions while still being informative. The most interesting part explores Western-world assumptions about geisha and Japanese culture. and Elements of a geisha's life are made understandable and is very useful for even a casual audience. Includes links to other geisha sites, and includes several pictures of geisha through the ages
Source of Web Site: University of California-Santa Barbara student Katherine Stoner researched this paper as part of a history class entitled "History of East/West Artistic Interactions."

Title of Web page: Geisha (Geiko)
Web address: http://www.whatever.net.au/~amaya/geisha/home.html (link no longer exists--sorry)
Brief Desciption: Informative site that covers the almost 2000 year history of geisha in Japan. Also compares and contrasts the roles of maiko, apprentice geisha, and full-fledged geisha. Well-organized, and easy to navigate, this site is useful as an introduction to geisha as well as a good tool in understanding the process of becoming a geisha. Contains information about geisha books, a comprehensive list of other geisha website links, and an extensive gallery of geisha images.
Source of Web Site: This is another personal website from someone fascinated by geisha and their lives. Though the author, only named as Amaya, admits to not being any kind of expert on geisha, the information is useful and complete.

Section III: Books, Videotapes and CD-ROMs from UNC-CH libraries:

UNC library print sources:
Aishara, Kyoto. Geisha
London: Carlton Books, 2000.
Call Number: GT3412.A35 2000


Dalby, Liza Crihfield. Geisha
Berkeley: University of California Press, 1983.
Call Number: GV1472.3.T3 1983


Louis, Lisa. Butterflies of the Night: Mama-sans, Geisha, Strippers, and the Japanese Men they serve.
New York: Tengu Books, 1992.
Call Number: GT3415.J3 L68 1992


One non-paper source from the UNC libraries:
The Secret Life of Geisha, produced by A&E Home Video, a division of A&E Television Network, distributed in the US by New Video Group.
100 min., 1999, videocassette.
Call Number: 65-V7581

Section III: Electronic Indexes and Databases Sources

Allison, Anne. (2001, Summer). Memoirs of the Orient.
Journal of Japanese Studies [Online], v. 27 i.2, p.381.
Available: Infotrac Academic ASAP [2002, September 14].

Gaouette, Nicole. (1999, February 9). Memoirs of a Modern-Day Geisha.
Christian Science Monitor [Online], v. 91, i.51, p. 12. Op. 8C.
Available: LEXIS-NEXIS Academic Universe [2002, September 12].

Gaouette, Nicole. (1999, December). Neo-Geisha.
Vogue [Online], v. 184 i.12, 2 pgs.
Available: Infotrac Academic ASAP [2002, September 14].

Martell, Chris. (2002, September 6). Geisha: A Living Art
Wisconsin St. Journal [Online], pg. D1, 1061 words.
Available: OCLC FirstSearch [2002, September 12].

Miller, Karen Lowry. (1992, April 27). The View from Behind a Geisha's Fan.
Business Week [Online], n. 3263, 3 pgs.
Available: LEXIS-NEXIS [2002, September 12].

Whymart, Robert. (2001, April 21). Japanese Men Embrace the Geisha-lite.
The London Times [Online], pg. 21, overseas news, Tokyo.
Available: Infotrac Academic ASAP [2002, September 14].

 

Section IV: Internet Mini-Essay
Title: eBay: The World's Most Profitable Online Flea Market
(TOPIC AREA: Net People and Places)

A 14-karat diamond and emeralds ring. A 30-foot John Lennon tapestry. An autographed picture of Elvis Presley lounging in bed.
These are just a few of the many items listed for sale on the successful online marketplace eBay each day.
Roughly 40 million people are members of the virtual auction website, founded in 1995 by Silicon Valley entrepreneur Pierre Omidyar. Almost 9 million items are listed on eBay each day and in 2001, the site had more than $8 billion in gross merchandise sales and boasted a second-quarter profit this year that than doubled to $54.3 million, as revenue jumped 47 percent to $266.3 million. (1) But the question remains: what exactly has made eBay survive the recent downfall of dot com companies and even thrive in a troubled economy?
According to eBay spokesman Kevin Pursglove, "small business is at the heart and soul of eBay," (2) and that is what made it rise above the heap of other failed online business communities. Sole proprietorships and small businesses make up 95 percent of eBay's users. In fact, an estimated 200,000 businesses are virtual businesses that exist entirely on eBay. (2).
But as eBay has evolved under the leadership of CEO Meg Whitman, an experienced corporate manager who took the reins from Omidyar in 1998, a growing share of items are being sold at a fixed price, rather than by auction; those sales accounted for 20 percent of revenues last year. (3). Large corporations like Motorola, Sears and IBM now sell directly through their own "stores" on eBay's site. (3)
Although the explanations for eBay's success are vast, what seems to be a constant catalyst for financial profit is the ever present and varied desires of consumers-whether for basic needs, such as light bulbs or fans, or the more obscure wants, like obscure baseball cards or 1950s wooden toys.
And that diamond and emeralds ring? With 12 hours left on the auction, the high bidder is a man from Fresno, California willing to spend $295.00 on a ring he has never seen, offered by a seller from River City, Texas he was never met. Thus is the way of eBay.

NOTES:
(1) Nancy Salem, "Do you eBay?" Albuquerque Tribune, 12 August 2002, B1 p.6
Also Available [Online]: LEXIS-NEXIS [Accessed: 10 September, 2002].
(2) L.A. Lorek, "Cyber-Commerce; More than just an Online Garage Sale,"
San Antonio Express-News, 7 July 2002, p.1K Business, Also Available [Online]: LEXIS-NEXIS [Accessed: 10 September, 2002].
(3) Jerry Adler, "The eBay Way of Life," Newsweek, 17 July 2002, p.50 Society
Also Available [Online]: LEXIS-NEXIS [Accessed: 10 September, 2002].

THREE WEB SITES:

Title of Web page: The Wide World of eBay
Web address: http://www.denverpost.com/Stories/0,1413,36%257E45%257E752566,00.html
Brief Description: A feature story that outlines what eBay is, all of its services, and explores why it is so successful.
Source of Web site: The Denver Post

Title of Web page: eBay Inc. Capsule-Hoover's Online
Web address: http://www.hoovers.com/co/capsule/7/0,2163,56307,00.html
Brief Description: An informational page about the eBay corporation. Includes financial profile, Dow Jones profile information, recent news and analysis of the company, and information about products offered and competitors.
Source of Web site: Hoover's Online-a Business authority web site.

Title of Web page: E-Commerce Times: Success Stories
Web address: http://www.ecommercetimes.com/success_stories/success-ebay.shtml
Brief Description: An in-depth interview with Kevin Pursglove, eBay's Senior Director of Communications. Includes background about the history of the company, operations details, financial information, and analysis of the success of the company.
Source of Web site: E-Commerce Times