Script started on Sat Nov 9 19:14:43 2002 ]0;barrie@magnolia:~/scripts [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ w [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ w [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ wh [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ wh [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ whi [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ whi [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ whic [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ whic [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ which [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ which [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ which [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ which [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ which v [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ which v [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ which vp [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ which vp [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ which vpn [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ which vpn /usr/bin/which: no vpn in (/usr/local/bin:/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/X11R6/bin:/sbin:/usr/sbin:/usr/local/sbin:/home/barrie/bin:/usr/local/mysql/bin) ]0;barrie@magnolia:~/scripts [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ w [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ w [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ wh [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ wh [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ whi [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ whi [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ whic [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ whic [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ which [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ which [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ which [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ which [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ which v [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ which v [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ which vp [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ which vp [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ which vpn [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ which vpn [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ which vpnc [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ which vpnc [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ which vpnci [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ which vpnci [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ which vpncil [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ which vpncil [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ which vpncile [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ which vpncile [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ which vpncilen [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ which vpncilen [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ which vpncile [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ which vpncile [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ which vpncil [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ which vpncil [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ which vpnci [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ which vpnci [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ which vpnc [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ which vpnc [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ which vpncl [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ which vpncl [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ which vpncli [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ which vpncli [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ which vpnclie [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ which vpnclie [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ which vpnclien [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ which vpnclien [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ which vpnclient [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ which vpnclient /usr/bin/which: no vpnclient in (/usr/local/bin:/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/X11R6/bin:/sbin:/usr/sbin:/usr/local/sbin:/home/barrie/bin:/usr/local/mysql/bin) ]0;barrie@magnolia:~/scripts [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ l [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ l [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ lo [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ lo [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ loc [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ loc [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ loca [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ loca [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ locat [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ locat [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ locate [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ locate [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ locate [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ locate [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ locate v [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ locate v [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ locate vp [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ locate vp [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ locate vpn [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ locate vpn /home/barrie/.mozilla/default/2hlea5zo.slt/ImapMail/imap.unc.edu/INBOX.sbd/A-Authentication&-Proxy.sbd/Proxy.sbd/a-vpn&-proxy.msf /home/barrie/tmp/vpnclient-linux-3.6.Rel-k9.tar.gz ]0;barrie@magnolia:~/scripts [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ p [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ p [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ ps [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ ps [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ ps [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ ps [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ ps - [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ ps - [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ ps -e [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ ps -e [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ ps -ef [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ ps -ef [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ ps -ef [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ ps -ef [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ ps -ef | [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ ps -ef | [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ ps -ef | [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ ps -ef | [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ ps -ef | g [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ ps -ef | g [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ ps -ef | gr [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ ps -ef | gr [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ ps -ef | grp [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ ps -ef | grp [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ ps -ef | grpe [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ ps -ef | grpe [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ ps -ef | grp [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ ps -ef | grp [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ ps -ef | gr [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ ps -ef | gr [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ ps -ef | gre [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ ps -ef | gre [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ ps -ef | grep [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ ps -ef | grep [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ ps -ef | grep [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ ps -ef | grep [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ ps -ef | grep v [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ ps -ef | grep v [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ ps -ef | grep vp [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ ps -ef | grep vp [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ ps -ef | grep vpn [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ ps -ef | grep vpn barrie 1741 1715 0 19:14 pts/1 00:00:00 script vpnclientinstall barrie 1742 1741 0 19:14 pts/1 00:00:00 script vpnclientinstall barrie 1777 1743 0 19:18 pts/2 00:00:00 grep vpn ]0;barrie@magnolia:~/scripts [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ w [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ w [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ wg [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ wg [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ wge [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ wge [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ wget [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ wget [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ wget [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ wget [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ wget [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ wget [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ wge [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ wge [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ wg [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ wg [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ w [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ w [barrie@magnolia scripts]$  [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ c [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ c [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ cd [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ cd [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ cd [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ cd [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ cd . [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ cd . [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ cd .. [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ cd .. [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ cd ../ [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ cd ../ [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ cd ../t [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ cd ../t [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ cd ../tm [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ cd ../tm [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ cd ../tmp [barrie@magnolia scripts]$ cd ../tmp ]0;barrie@magnolia:~/tmp [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ w [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ w [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ we [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ we [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ weg [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ weg [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ we [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ we [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ w [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ w [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ wg [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ wg [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ wge [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ wge [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ wget [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ wget [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ wget [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ wget [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ wget h [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ wget h [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ wget ht [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ wget ht [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ wget htt [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ wget htt [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ wget http [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ wget http [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ wget https [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ wget https [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ wget https: [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ wget https: [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ wget https:/ [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ wget https:/ [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ wget https:// [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ wget https:// [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ wget https://w [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ wget https://w [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ wget https://ww [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ wget https://ww [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ wget https://www [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ wget https://www [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ wget https://www. [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ wget https://www. [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ wget https://www.u [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ wget https://www.u [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ wget https://www.un [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ wget https://www.un [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ wget https://www.unc [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ wget https://www.unc [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ wget https://www.unc. [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ wget https://www.unc. [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ wget https://www.unc.e [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ wget https://www.unc.e [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ wget https://www.unc.ed [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ wget https://www.unc.ed [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ wget https://www.unc.edu [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ wget https://www.unc.edu [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ wget https://www.unc.edu/ [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ wget https://www.unc.edu/ [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ wget https://www.unc.edu/s [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ wget https://www.unc.edu/s [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ wget https://www.unc.edu/se [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ wget https://www.unc.edu/se [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ wget https://www.unc.edu/sec [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ wget https://www.unc.edu/sec [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ wget https://www.unc.edu/secu [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ wget https://www.unc.edu/secu [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ wget https://www.unc.edu/secur [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ wget https://www.unc.edu/secur [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ wget https://www.unc.edu/securi [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ wget https://www.unc.edu/securi [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ wget https://www.unc.edu/securit [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ wget https://www.unc.edu/securit [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ wget https://www.unc.edu/security [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ wget https://www.unc.edu/security [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ wget https://www.unc.edu/security/ [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ wget https://www.unc.edu/security/ [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ wget https://www.unc.edu/security/V [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ wget https://www.unc.edu/security/V [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ wget https://www.unc.edu/security/VP [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ wget https://www.unc.edu/security/VP [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ wget https://www.unc.edu/security/VPN [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ wget https://www.unc.edu/security/VPN [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ wget https://www.unc.edu/security/VPN/ [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ wget https://www.unc.edu/security/VPN/ [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ wget https://www.unc.edu/security/VPN/d [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ wget https://www.unc.edu/security/VPN/d [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ wget https://www.unc.edu/security/VPN/do [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ wget https://www.unc.edu/security/VPN/do [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ wget https://www.unc.edu/security/VPN/dow [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ wget https://www.unc.edu/security/VPN/dow [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ wget https://www.unc.edu/security/VPN/down [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ wget https://www.unc.edu/security/VPN/down [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ wget https://www.unc.edu/security/VPN/downl [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ wget https://www.unc.edu/security/VPN/downl [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ wget https://www.unc.edu/security/VPN/downlo [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ wget https://www.unc.edu/security/VPN/downlo [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ wget https://www.unc.edu/security/VPN/downloa [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ wget https://www.unc.edu/security/VPN/downloa [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ wget https://www.unc.edu/security/VPN/download [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ wget https://www.unc.edu/security/VPN/download [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ wget https://www.unc.edu/security/VPN/download/ [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ wget https://www.unc.edu/security/VPN/download/ [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ wget https://www.unc.edu/security/VPN/download/v [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ wget https://www.unc.edu/security/VPN/download/v [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ wget https://www.unc.edu/security/VPN/download/vp [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ wget https://www.unc.edu/security/VPN/download/vp [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ wget https://www.unc.edu/security/VPN/download/vpn [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ wget https://www.unc.edu/security/VPN/download/vpn [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ wget https://www.unc.edu/security/VPN/download/vpnc [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ wget https://www.unc.edu/security/VPN/download/vpnc [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ wget https://www.unc.edu/security/VPN/download/vpncl [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ wget https://www.unc.edu/security/VPN/download/vpncl [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ wget https://www.unc.edu/security/VPN/download/vpncli [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ wget https://www.unc.edu/security/VPN/download/vpncli [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ wget https://www.unc.edu/security/VPN/download/vpnclie [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ wget https://www.unc.edu/security/VPN/download/vpnclie [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ wget https://www.unc.edu/security/VPN/download/vpnclien [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ wget https://www.unc.edu/security/VPN/download/vpnclien [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ wget https://www.unc.edu/security/VPN/download/vpnclient [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ wget https://www.unc.edu/security/VPN/download/vpnclient [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ wget https://www.unc.edu/security/VPN/download/vpnclient- l l li li lin lin linu linu linux linux linux- linux- linux-3 linux-3 linux-3. linux-3. linux-3.6 linux-3.6 linux-3.6. linux-3.6. linux-3.6.2 linux-3.6.2 linux-3.6.2a linux-3.6.2a linux-3.6.2a. linux-3.6.2a. linux-3.6.2a.t linux-3.6.2a.t linux-3.6.2a.ta linux-3.6.2a.ta linux-3.6.2a.tar linux-3.6.2a.tar linux-3.6.2a.tar. linux-3.6.2a.tar. linux-3.6.2a.tar.g linux-3.6.2a.tar.g linux-3.6.2a.tar.gz linux-3.6.2a.tar.gz --19:32:58-- https://www.unc.edu/security/VPN/download/vpnclient-linux-3.6.2a.tar.gz => `vpnclient-linux-3.6.2a.tar.gz' Resolving www.unc.edu... done. Connecting to www.unc.edu[152.2.1.217]:443... connected. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 401 Authorization Required Authorization failed. ]0;barrie@magnolia:~/tmp [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ l [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ l [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ ll [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ ll total 119912 -rw-r--r-- 1 barrie barrie 7344861 Nov 8 20:42 ctime502_linuxre_en.tar.gz drwxrwxr-x 2 barrie barrie 4096 Oct 25 23:05 done drwxrwxr-x 2 barrie barrie 4096 Oct 25 23:06 extra -rw-rw-r-- 1 barrie barrie 4835188 Oct 3 14:51 httpd-2.0.43.tar.gz drwxrwxr-x 3 barrie barrie 4096 Nov 8 20:13 kernel -rw-r--r-- 1 barrie barrie 69806 Oct 20 01:16 nbtscan-1.0.3.tar.gz -rw-rw-r-- 1 barrie barrie 74286597 Jul 15 20:01 OOo_1.0.1_LinuxIntel_install.tar.gz -rw-rw-r-- 1 barrie barrie 48798 Oct 20 01:16 openload-0.1.2.tar.gz -rw------- 1 barrie barrie 30124433 Nov 9 18:28 openoffice-1.0.1-8.i386.rpm -rw-rw-r-- 1 barrie barrie 2170570 Oct 20 01:15 openssl-0.9.6g.tar.gz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2170570 Aug 9 07:54 openssl-0.9.6g.tar.gz.1 drwxrwxr-x 7 barrie barrie 4096 Nov 8 20:12 perl drwxrwxr-x 2 barrie barrie 4096 Nov 8 20:12 php -rw-rw-r-- 1 barrie barrie 2984 Nov 9 17:53 setup021109 -rw-r--r-- 1 barrie barrie 344618 Oct 20 01:16 siege-latest.tar.gz -rw-rw-r-- 1 barrie barrie 1189190 Oct 20 01:15 vpnclient-linux-3.6.Rel-k9.tar.gz ]0;barrie@magnolia:~/tmp [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ c [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ c [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ cd [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ cd [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ cd [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ cd [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ cd / [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ cd / [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ cd /u [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ cd /u [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ cd /ur [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ cd /ur [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ cd /u [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ cd /u [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ cd /us [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ cd /us [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ cd /usr [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ cd /usr [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ cd /usr. [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ cd /usr. [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ cd /usr [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ cd /usr [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ cd /usr/ [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ cd /usr/ [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ cd /usr/l [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ cd /usr/l [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ cd /usr/lo [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ cd /usr/lo [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ cd /usr/loc [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ cd /usr/loc [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ cd /usr/loca [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ cd /usr/loca [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ cd /usr/local [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ cd /usr/local [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ cd /usr/local/ [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ cd /usr/local/ [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ cd /usr/local/b [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ cd /usr/local/b [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ cd /usr/local/bi [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ cd /usr/local/bi [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ cd /usr/local/bin [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ cd /usr/local/bin ]0;barrie@magnolia:/usr/local/bin [barrie@magnolia bin]$ [barrie@magnolia bin]$ [barrie@magnolia bin]$ l [barrie@magnolia bin]$ l [barrie@magnolia bin]$ ll [barrie@magnolia bin]$ ll total 36 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 5957 Oct 28 17:10 pear -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 4326 Oct 28 17:10 pearize -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 524 Oct 28 17:10 php-config -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 593 Oct 28 17:10 phpextdist -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 700 Oct 28 17:10 phpize -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 5088 Oct 28 17:10 phptar ]0;barrie@magnolia:/usr/local/bin [barrie@magnolia bin]$ [barrie@magnolia bin]$ [barrie@magnolia bin]$ l [barrie@magnolia bin]$ l [barrie@magnolia bin]$ ls [barrie@magnolia bin]$ ls pear pearize php-config phpextdist phpize phptar ]0;barrie@magnolia:/usr/local/bin [barrie@magnolia bin]$ [barrie@magnolia bin]$ [barrie@magnolia bin]$ c [barrie@magnolia bin]$ c [barrie@magnolia bin]$ cd [barrie@magnolia bin]$ cd [barrie@magnolia bin]$ cd [barrie@magnolia bin]$ cd [barrie@magnolia bin]$ cd . [barrie@magnolia bin]$ cd . [barrie@magnolia bin]$ cd .. [barrie@magnolia bin]$ cd .. ]0;barrie@magnolia:/usr/local [barrie@magnolia local]$ [barrie@magnolia local]$ [barrie@magnolia local]$ l [barrie@magnolia local]$ l [barrie@magnolia local]$ ls [barrie@magnolia local]$ ls apache2 games libexec php-4.2.3.tar.gz bin httpd-2.0.43 mysql sbin doc include mysql-max-4.0.3-beta-pc-linux-gnu-i686 share etc lib php-4.2.3 src ]0;barrie@magnolia:/usr/local [barrie@magnolia local]$ [barrie@magnolia local]$ [barrie@magnolia local]$ p [barrie@magnolia local]$ p [barrie@magnolia local]$ pw [barrie@magnolia local]$ pw [barrie@magnolia local]$ pwd [barrie@magnolia local]$ pwd /usr/local ]0;barrie@magnolia:/usr/local [barrie@magnolia local]$ [barrie@magnolia local]$ [barrie@magnolia local]$ r [barrie@magnolia local]$ r [barrie@magnolia local]$ rm [barrie@magnolia local]$ rm [barrie@magnolia local]$ rm [barrie@magnolia local]$ rm [barrie@magnolia local]$ rm p [barrie@magnolia local]$ rm p [barrie@magnolia local]$ rm ph [barrie@magnolia local]$ rm ph [barrie@magnolia local]$ rm php [barrie@magnolia local]$ rm php [barrie@magnolia local]$ rm ph [barrie@magnolia local]$ rm ph [barrie@magnolia local]$ rm p [barrie@magnolia local]$ rm p [barrie@magnolia local]$ rm  [barrie@magnolia local]$ rm [barrie@magnolia local]$ rm [barrie@magnolia local]$ rm [barrie@magnolia local]$ r [barrie@magnolia local]$ r [barrie@magnolia local]$  [barrie@magnolia local]$ [barrie@magnolia local]$ c [barrie@magnolia local]$ c [barrie@magnolia local]$ cd [barrie@magnolia local]$ cd [barrie@magnolia local]$ cd [barrie@magnolia local]$ cd [barrie@magnolia local]$ cd / [barrie@magnolia local]$ cd / [barrie@magnolia local]$ cd  [barrie@magnolia local]$ cd [barrie@magnolia local]$ cd ~ [barrie@magnolia local]$ cd ~ [barrie@magnolia local]$ cd ~/ [barrie@magnolia local]$ cd ~/ [barrie@magnolia local]$ cd ~/t [barrie@magnolia local]$ cd ~/t [barrie@magnolia local]$ cd ~/tm [barrie@magnolia local]$ cd ~/tm [barrie@magnolia local]$ cd ~/tmp [barrie@magnolia local]$ cd ~/tmp ]0;barrie@magnolia:~/tmp [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ l [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ l [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ ls [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ ls ctime502_linuxre_en.tar.gz openoffice-1.0.1-8.i386.rpm done openssl-0.9.6g.tar.gz extra openssl-0.9.6g.tar.gz.1 httpd-2.0.43.tar.gz perl kernel php nbtscan-1.0.3.tar.gz setup021109 OOo_1.0.1_LinuxIntel_install.tar.gz siege-latest.tar.gz openload-0.1.2.tar.gz vpnclient-linux-3.6.2a.tar.gz ]0;barrie@magnolia:~/tmp [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ c [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ c [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ cd [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ cd [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ cd [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ cd [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ cd p [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ cd p [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ cd ph [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ cd ph [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ cd php [barrie@magnolia tmp]$ cd php ]0;barrie@magnolia:~/tmp/php [barrie@magnolia php]$ [barrie@magnolia php]$ [barrie@magnolia php]$ l [barrie@magnolia php]$ l [barrie@magnolia php]$ ll [barrie@magnolia php]$ ll total 4136 -rw-rw-r-- 1 barrie barrie 3413829 Sep 6 05:20 php-4.2.3.tar.gz -rw------- 1 barrie barrie 810757 Oct 25 22:23 php_manual_en.html.bz2 ]0;barrie@magnolia:~/tmp/php [barrie@magnolia php]$ [barrie@magnolia php]$ [barrie@magnolia php]$ c [barrie@magnolia php]$ c [barrie@magnolia php]$ cd [barrie@magnolia php]$ cd [barrie@magnolia php]$ cd [barrie@magnolia php]$ cd [barrie@magnolia php]$ cd / [barrie@magnolia php]$ cd / [barrie@magnolia php]$ cd /u [barrie@magnolia php]$ cd /u [barrie@magnolia php]$ cd /us [barrie@magnolia php]$ cd /us [barrie@magnolia php]$ cd /usr [barrie@magnolia php]$ cd /usr [barrie@magnolia php]$ cd /usr/ [barrie@magnolia php]$ cd /usr/ [barrie@magnolia php]$ cd /usr/l [barrie@magnolia php]$ cd /usr/l [barrie@magnolia php]$ cd /usr/lo [barrie@magnolia php]$ cd /usr/lo [barrie@magnolia php]$ cd /usr/loc [barrie@magnolia php]$ cd /usr/loc [barrie@magnolia php]$ cd /usr/loca [barrie@magnolia php]$ cd /usr/loca [barrie@magnolia php]$ cd /usr/local [barrie@magnolia php]$ cd /usr/local ]0;barrie@magnolia:/usr/local [barrie@magnolia local]$ [barrie@magnolia local]$ [barrie@magnolia local]$ l [barrie@magnolia local]$ l [barrie@magnolia local]$ ls [barrie@magnolia local]$ ls apache2 games libexec php-4.2.3.tar.gz bin httpd-2.0.43 mysql sbin doc include mysql-max-4.0.3-beta-pc-linux-gnu-i686 share etc lib php-4.2.3 src ]0;barrie@magnolia:/usr/local [barrie@magnolia local]$ [barrie@magnolia local]$ [barrie@magnolia local]$ r [barrie@magnolia local]$ r [barrie@magnolia local]$ rm [barrie@magnolia local]$ rm [barrie@magnolia local]$ rm [barrie@magnolia local]$ rm [barrie@magnolia local]$ rm p [barrie@magnolia local]$ rm p [barrie@magnolia local]$ rm ph [barrie@magnolia local]$ rm ph [barrie@magnolia local]$ rm php [barrie@magnolia local]$ rm php [barrie@magnolia local]$ rm php- [barrie@magnolia local]$ rm php- [barrie@magnolia local]$ rm php-4 [barrie@magnolia local]$ rm php-4 [barrie@magnolia local]$ rm php-4. [barrie@magnolia local]$ rm php-4. [barrie@magnolia local]$ rm php-4.2 [barrie@magnolia local]$ rm php-4.2 [barrie@magnolia local]$ rm php-4.2. [barrie@magnolia local]$ rm php-4.2. [barrie@magnolia local]$ rm php-4.2.3 [barrie@magnolia local]$ rm php-4.2.3 [barrie@magnolia local]$ rm php-4.2.3. [barrie@magnolia local]$ rm php-4.2.3. [barrie@magnolia local]$ rm php-4.2.3.t [barrie@magnolia local]$ rm php-4.2.3.t [barrie@magnolia local]$ rm php-4.2.3.ta [barrie@magnolia local]$ rm php-4.2.3.ta [barrie@magnolia local]$ rm php-4.2.3.tar [barrie@magnolia local]$ rm php-4.2.3.tar [barrie@magnolia local]$ rm php-4.2.3.tar. [barrie@magnolia local]$ rm php-4.2.3.tar. [barrie@magnolia local]$ rm php-4.2.3.tar.g [barrie@magnolia local]$ rm php-4.2.3.tar.g [barrie@magnolia local]$ rm php-4.2.3.tar.gz [barrie@magnolia local]$ rm php-4.2.3.tar.gz rm: remove write-protected regular file `php-4.2.3.tar.gz'? y rm: cannot remove `php-4.2.3.tar.gz': Permission denied ]0;barrie@magnolia:/usr/local [barrie@magnolia local]$ [barrie@magnolia local]$ [barrie@magnolia local]$ s [barrie@magnolia local]$ s [barrie@magnolia local]$ su [barrie@magnolia local]$ su [barrie@magnolia local]$ sud [barrie@magnolia local]$ sud [barrie@magnolia local]$ sudo [barrie@magnolia local]$ sudo [barrie@magnolia local]$ sudo [barrie@magnolia local]$ sudo [barrie@magnolia local]$ sudo r [barrie@magnolia local]$ sudo r [barrie@magnolia local]$ sudo rm [barrie@magnolia local]$ sudo rm [barrie@magnolia local]$ sudo rm [barrie@magnolia local]$ sudo rm [barrie@magnolia local]$ sudo rm [barrie@magnolia local]$ sudo rm [barrie@magnolia local]$ sudo r [barrie@magnolia local]$ sudo r [barrie@magnolia local]$ sudo  [barrie@magnolia local]$ sudo [barrie@magnolia local]$ sudo [barrie@magnolia local]$ sudo [barrie@magnolia local]$ sud [barrie@magnolia local]$ sud [barrie@magnolia local]$ su [barrie@magnolia local]$ su [barrie@magnolia local]$ s [barrie@magnolia local]$ s [barrie@magnolia local]$  [barrie@magnolia local]$  [barrie@magnolia local]$ [barrie@magnolia local]$ rm php-4.2.3.tar.gz [barrie@magnolia local]$ rm php-4.2.3.tar.gz [barrie@magnolia local]$ rm php-4.2.3.tar.g [barrie@magnolia local]$ rm php-4.2.3.tar. [barrie@magnolia local]$ rm php-4.2.3.tar [barrie@magnolia local]$ rm php-4.2.3.ta [barrie@magnolia local]$ rm php-4.2.3.t [barrie@magnolia local]$ rm php-4.2.3. [barrie@magnolia local]$ rm php-4.2.3 [barrie@magnolia local]$ rm php-4.2. [barrie@magnolia local]$ rm php-4.2 [barrie@magnolia local]$ rm php-4. [barrie@magnolia local]$ rm php-4 [barrie@magnolia local]$ rm php- [barrie@magnolia local]$ rm php [barrie@magnolia local]$ rm ph [barrie@magnolia local]$ rm p [barrie@magnolia local]$ rm [barrie@magnolia local]$ rm [barrie@magnolia local]$ r [barrie@magnolia local]$  [barrie@magnolia local]$ [barrie@magnolia local]$ [1@s [barrie@magnolia local]$ s [barrie@magnolia local]$ s[1@u [barrie@magnolia local]$ su [barrie@magnolia local]$ su[1@d [barrie@magnolia local]$ sud [barrie@magnolia local]$ sud[1@o [barrie@magnolia local]$ sudo [barrie@magnolia local]$ sudo[1@ [barrie@magnolia local]$ sudo Password: ]0;barrie@magnolia:/usr/local [barrie@magnolia local]$ [barrie@magnolia local]$ [barrie@magnolia local]$ l [barrie@magnolia local]$ l [barrie@magnolia local]$ ls [barrie@magnolia local]$ ls apache2 etc include mysql sbin bin games lib mysql-max-4.0.3-beta-pc-linux-gnu-i686 share doc httpd-2.0.43 libexec php-4.2.3 src ]0;barrie@magnolia:/usr/local [barrie@magnolia local]$ [barrie@magnolia local]$ [barrie@magnolia local]$ c [barrie@magnolia local]$ c [barrie@magnolia local]$ cd [barrie@magnolia local]$ cd [barrie@magnolia local]$ cd [barrie@magnolia local]$ cd [barrie@magnolia local]$ cd b [barrie@magnolia local]$ cd b [barrie@magnolia local]$ cd bi [barrie@magnolia local]$ cd bi [barrie@magnolia local]$ cd bin [barrie@magnolia local]$ cd bin ]0;barrie@magnolia:/usr/local/bin [barrie@magnolia bin]$ [barrie@magnolia bin]$ [barrie@magnolia bin]$ l [barrie@magnolia bin]$ l [barrie@magnolia bin]$ ll [barrie@magnolia bin]$ ll total 36 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 5957 Oct 28 17:10 pear -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 4326 Oct 28 17:10 pearize -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 524 Oct 28 17:10 php-config -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 593 Oct 28 17:10 phpextdist -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 700 Oct 28 17:10 phpize -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 5088 Oct 28 17:10 phptar ]0;barrie@magnolia:/usr/local/bin [barrie@magnolia bin]$ [barrie@magnolia bin]$ [barrie@magnolia bin]$ c [barrie@magnolia bin]$ c [barrie@magnolia bin]$ cd [barrie@magnolia bin]$ cd [barrie@magnolia bin]$ cd [barrie@magnolia bin]$ cd [barrie@magnolia bin]$ cd / [barrie@magnolia bin]$ cd / [barrie@magnolia bin]$ cd /s [barrie@magnolia bin]$ cd /s [barrie@magnolia bin]$ cd /su [barrie@magnolia bin]$ cd /su [barrie@magnolia bin]$ cd /s [barrie@magnolia bin]$ cd /s [barrie@magnolia bin]$ cd / [barrie@magnolia bin]$ cd / [barrie@magnolia bin]$ cd /u [barrie@magnolia bin]$ cd /u [barrie@magnolia bin]$ cd /us [barrie@magnolia bin]$ cd /us [barrie@magnolia bin]$ cd /usr [barrie@magnolia bin]$ cd /usr [barrie@magnolia bin]$ cd /usr/ [barrie@magnolia bin]$ cd /usr/ [barrie@magnolia bin]$ cd /usr/s [barrie@magnolia bin]$ cd /usr/s [barrie@magnolia bin]$ cd /usr/sr [barrie@magnolia bin]$ cd /usr/sr [barrie@magnolia bin]$ cd /usr/src [barrie@magnolia bin]$ cd /usr/src ]0;barrie@magnolia:/usr/src [barrie@magnolia src]$ [barrie@magnolia src]$ [barrie@magnolia src]$ l [barrie@magnolia src]$ l [barrie@magnolia src]$ ll [barrie@magnolia src]$ ll total 4 drwxr-xr-x 7 root root 4096 Oct 18 21:05 redhat ]0;barrie@magnolia:/usr/src [barrie@magnolia src]$ [barrie@magnolia src]$ [barrie@magnolia src]$ c [barrie@magnolia src]$ c [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd / [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd / [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd  [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd [barrie@magnolia src]$ c [barrie@magnolia src]$ c [barrie@magnolia src]$  [barrie@magnolia src]$ [barrie@magnolia src]$ c [barrie@magnolia src]$ c [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd / [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd / [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd /l [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd /l [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd /li [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd /li [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd /lib [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd /lib [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd /lib/ [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd /lib/ [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd /lib/m [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd /lib/m [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd /lib/mo [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd /lib/mo [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd /lib/mod [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd /lib/mod [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd /lib/modu [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd /lib/modu [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd /lib/modul [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd /lib/modul [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd /lib/module [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd /lib/module [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd /lib/modules [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd /lib/modules [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd /lib/modules/ [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd /lib/modules/ [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd /lib/modules [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd /lib/modules ]0;barrie@magnolia:/lib/modules [barrie@magnolia modules]$ [barrie@magnolia modules]$ [barrie@magnolia modules]$ l [barrie@magnolia modules]$ l [barrie@magnolia modules]$ ll [barrie@magnolia modules]$ ll total 4 drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 Oct 18 21:02 2.4.18-14 ]0;barrie@magnolia:/lib/modules [barrie@magnolia modules]$ [barrie@magnolia modules]$ [barrie@magnolia modules]$ c [barrie@magnolia modules]$ c [barrie@magnolia modules]$ cd [barrie@magnolia modules]$ cd [barrie@magnolia modules]$ cd [barrie@magnolia modules]$ cd [barrie@magnolia modules]$ cd 2 [barrie@magnolia modules]$ cd 2 [barrie@magnolia modules]$ cd 2. [barrie@magnolia modules]$ cd 2. [barrie@magnolia modules]$ cd 2.4 [barrie@magnolia modules]$ cd 2.4 [barrie@magnolia modules]$ cd 2.4. [barrie@magnolia modules]$ cd 2.4. [barrie@magnolia modules]$ cd 2.4.1 [barrie@magnolia modules]$ cd 2.4.1 [barrie@magnolia modules]$ cd 2.4.18 [barrie@magnolia modules]$ cd 2.4.18 [barrie@magnolia modules]$ cd 2.4.18. [barrie@magnolia modules]$ cd 2.4.18. [barrie@magnolia modules]$ cd 2.4.18 [barrie@magnolia modules]$ cd 2.4.18 [barrie@magnolia modules]$ cd 2.4.18- [barrie@magnolia modules]$ cd 2.4.18- [barrie@magnolia modules]$ cd 2.4.18-1 [barrie@magnolia modules]$ cd 2.4.18-1 [barrie@magnolia modules]$ cd 2.4.18-14 [barrie@magnolia modules]$ cd 2.4.18-14 ]0;barrie@magnolia:/lib/modules/2.4.18-14 [barrie@magnolia 2.4.18-14]$ [barrie@magnolia 2.4.18-14]$ [barrie@magnolia 2.4.18-14]$ l [barrie@magnolia 2.4.18-14]$ l [barrie@magnolia 2.4.18-14]$ ls [barrie@magnolia 2.4.18-14]$ ls build modules.generic_string modules.parportmap modules.usbmap kernel modules.ieee1394map modules.pcimap pcmcia modules.dep modules.isapnpmap modules.pnpbiosmap ]0;barrie@magnolia:/lib/modules/2.4.18-14 [barrie@magnolia 2.4.18-14]$ [barrie@magnolia 2.4.18-14]$ [barrie@magnolia 2.4.18-14]$ l [barrie@magnolia 2.4.18-14]$ l [barrie@magnolia 2.4.18-14]$ ll [barrie@magnolia 2.4.18-14]$ ll total 336 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 32 Oct 18 21:02 build -> ../../../usr/src/linux-2.4.18-14 drwxr-xr-x 9 root root 4096 Oct 18 21:02 kernel -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 94610 Oct 19 01:31 modules.dep -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 31 Oct 19 01:31 modules.generic_string -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 147 Oct 19 01:31 modules.ieee1394map -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 8257 Oct 19 01:31 modules.isapnpmap -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 29 Oct 19 01:31 modules.parportmap -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 94767 Oct 19 01:31 modules.pcimap -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 24 Oct 19 01:31 modules.pnpbiosmap -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 95129 Oct 19 01:31 modules.usbmap drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Oct 18 21:02 pcmcia ]0;barrie@magnolia:/lib/modules/2.4.18-14 [barrie@magnolia 2.4.18-14]$ [barrie@magnolia 2.4.18-14]$ [barrie@magnolia 2.4.18-14]$ c [barrie@magnolia 2.4.18-14]$ c [barrie@magnolia 2.4.18-14]$ cd [barrie@magnolia 2.4.18-14]$ cd [barrie@magnolia 2.4.18-14]$ cd [barrie@magnolia 2.4.18-14]$ cd [barrie@magnolia 2.4.18-14]$ cd / [barrie@magnolia 2.4.18-14]$ cd / [barrie@magnolia 2.4.18-14]$ cd /u [barrie@magnolia 2.4.18-14]$ cd /u [barrie@magnolia 2.4.18-14]$ cd /us [barrie@magnolia 2.4.18-14]$ cd /us [barrie@magnolia 2.4.18-14]$ cd /usr [barrie@magnolia 2.4.18-14]$ cd /usr [barrie@magnolia 2.4.18-14]$ cd /usr/ [barrie@magnolia 2.4.18-14]$ cd /usr/ [barrie@magnolia 2.4.18-14]$ cd /usr/s [barrie@magnolia 2.4.18-14]$ cd /usr/s [barrie@magnolia 2.4.18-14]$ cd /usr/sr [barrie@magnolia 2.4.18-14]$ cd /usr/sr [barrie@magnolia 2.4.18-14]$ cd /usr/src [barrie@magnolia 2.4.18-14]$ cd /usr/src ]0;barrie@magnolia:/usr/src [barrie@magnolia src]$ [barrie@magnolia src]$ [barrie@magnolia src]$ l [barrie@magnolia src]$ l [barrie@magnolia src]$ ls [barrie@magnolia src]$ ls redhat ]0;barrie@magnolia:/usr/src [barrie@magnolia src]$ [barrie@magnolia src]$ [barrie@magnolia src]$ c [barrie@magnolia src]$ c [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd / [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd / [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd /u [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd /u [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd /us [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd /us [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd /usr [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd /usr [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd /usr/ [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd /usr/ [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd /usr/s [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd /usr/s [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd /usr/sr [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd /usr/sr [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd /usr/src [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd /usr/src [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd /usr/src/ [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd /usr/src/ [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd /usr/src/l [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd /usr/src/l [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd /usr/src/li [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd /usr/src/li [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd /usr/src/lin [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd /usr/src/lin [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd /usr/src/linu [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd /usr/src/linu [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd /usr/src/linux [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd /usr/src/linux [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd /usr/src/linux- [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd /usr/src/linux- [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd /usr/src/linux-2 [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd /usr/src/linux-2 [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd /usr/src/linux-2. [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd /usr/src/linux-2. [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd /usr/src/linux-2.4 [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd /usr/src/linux-2.4 [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd /usr/src/linux-2.4. [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd /usr/src/linux-2.4. [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd /usr/src/linux-2.4.1 [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd /usr/src/linux-2.4.1 [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd /usr/src/linux-2.4.18 [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd /usr/src/linux-2.4.18 [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd /usr/src/linux-2.4.18- [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd /usr/src/linux-2.4.18- [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd /usr/src/linux-2.4.18-1 [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd /usr/src/linux-2.4.18-1 [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd /usr/src/linux-2.4.18-14 [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd /usr/src/linux-2.4.18-14 bash: cd: /usr/src/linux-2.4.18-14: No such file or directory ]0;barrie@magnolia:/usr/src [barrie@magnolia src]$ [barrie@magnolia src]$ [barrie@magnolia src]$ c [barrie@magnolia src]$ c [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd / [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd / [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd /s [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd /s [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd /su [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd /su [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd /sur [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd /sur [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd /su [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd /su [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd /s [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd /s [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd / [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd / [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd /u [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd /u [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd /us [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd /us [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd /usr [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd /usr [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd /usr/ [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd /usr/ [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd /usr/s [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd /usr/s [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd /usr/sr [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd /usr/sr [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd /usr/src [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd /usr/src [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd /usr/src/ [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd /usr/src/ [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd /usr/src/r [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd /usr/src/r [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd /usr/src/re [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd /usr/src/re [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd /usr/src/red [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd /usr/src/red [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd /usr/src/redh [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd /usr/src/redh [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd /usr/src/redha [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd /usr/src/redha [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd /usr/src/redhat [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd /usr/src/redhat ]0;barrie@magnolia:/usr/src/redhat [barrie@magnolia redhat]$ [barrie@magnolia redhat]$ [barrie@magnolia redhat]$ l [barrie@magnolia redhat]$ l [barrie@magnolia redhat]$ ll [barrie@magnolia redhat]$ ll total 20 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Sep 4 12:50 BUILD drwxr-xr-x 8 root root 4096 Oct 18 21:05 RPMS drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Sep 4 12:50 SOURCES drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Sep 4 12:50 SPECS drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Sep 4 12:50 SRPMS ]0;barrie@magnolia:/usr/src/redhat [barrie@magnolia redhat]$ [barrie@magnolia redhat]$ [barrie@magnolia redhat]$ c [barrie@magnolia redhat]$ c [barrie@magnolia redhat]$ cd [barrie@magnolia redhat]$ cd [barrie@magnolia redhat]$ cd [barrie@magnolia redhat]$ cd [barrie@magnolia redhat]$ cd S [barrie@magnolia redhat]$ cd S [barrie@magnolia redhat]$ cd SO [barrie@magnolia redhat]$ cd SO [barrie@magnolia redhat]$ cd SOU [barrie@magnolia redhat]$ cd SOU [barrie@magnolia redhat]$ cd SOUR [barrie@magnolia redhat]$ cd SOUR [barrie@magnolia redhat]$ cd SOURC [barrie@magnolia redhat]$ cd SOURC [barrie@magnolia redhat]$ cd SOURCE [barrie@magnolia redhat]$ cd SOURCE [barrie@magnolia redhat]$ cd SOURCES [barrie@magnolia redhat]$ cd SOURCES ]0;barrie@magnolia:/usr/src/redhat/SOURCES [barrie@magnolia SOURCES]$ [barrie@magnolia SOURCES]$ [barrie@magnolia SOURCES]$ l [barrie@magnolia SOURCES]$ l [barrie@magnolia SOURCES]$ ll [barrie@magnolia SOURCES]$ ll [barrie@magnolia SOURCES]$ lls [barrie@magnolia SOURCES]$ lls [barrie@magnolia SOURCES]$ ll [barrie@magnolia SOURCES]$ ll [barrie@magnolia SOURCES]$ l [barrie@magnolia SOURCES]$ l [barrie@magnolia SOURCES]$ ll [barrie@magnolia SOURCES]$ ll total 0 ]0;barrie@magnolia:/usr/src/redhat/SOURCES [barrie@magnolia SOURCES]$ [barrie@magnolia SOURCES]$ [barrie@magnolia SOURCES]$ c [barrie@magnolia SOURCES]$ c [barrie@magnolia SOURCES]$ cd [barrie@magnolia SOURCES]$ cd [barrie@magnolia SOURCES]$ cd [barrie@magnolia SOURCES]$ cd [barrie@magnolia SOURCES]$ cd . [barrie@magnolia SOURCES]$ cd . [barrie@magnolia SOURCES]$ cd .. [barrie@magnolia SOURCES]$ cd .. ]0;barrie@magnolia:/usr/src/redhat [barrie@magnolia redhat]$ [barrie@magnolia redhat]$ [barrie@magnolia redhat]$ c [barrie@magnolia redhat]$ c [barrie@magnolia redhat]$ cd [barrie@magnolia redhat]$ cd [barrie@magnolia redhat]$ cd [barrie@magnolia redhat]$ cd [barrie@magnolia redhat]$ cd . [barrie@magnolia redhat]$ cd . [barrie@magnolia redhat]$ cd .. [barrie@magnolia redhat]$ cd .. ]0;barrie@magnolia:/usr/src [barrie@magnolia src]$ [barrie@magnolia src]$ [barrie@magnolia src]$ l [barrie@magnolia src]$ l [barrie@magnolia src]$ ll [barrie@magnolia src]$ ll total 4 drwxr-xr-x 7 root root 4096 Oct 18 21:05 redhat ]0;barrie@magnolia:/usr/src [barrie@magnolia src]$ [barrie@magnolia src]$ [barrie@magnolia src]$ c [barrie@magnolia src]$ c [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd r [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd r [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd re [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd re [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd red [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd red [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd redh [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd redh [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd redha [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd redha [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd redhat [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd redhat [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd redhat/ [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd redhat/ [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd redhat/R [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd redhat/R [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd redhat/RP [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd redhat/RP [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd redhat/RPM [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd redhat/RPM [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd redhat/RPMS [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd redhat/RPMS ]0;barrie@magnolia:/usr/src/redhat/RPMS [barrie@magnolia RPMS]$ [barrie@magnolia RPMS]$ [barrie@magnolia RPMS]$ l [barrie@magnolia RPMS]$ l [barrie@magnolia RPMS]$ ls [barrie@magnolia RPMS]$ ls athlon i386 i486 i586 i686 noarch ]0;barrie@magnolia:/usr/src/redhat/RPMS [barrie@magnolia RPMS]$ [barrie@magnolia RPMS]$ [barrie@magnolia RPMS]$ c [barrie@magnolia RPMS]$ c [barrie@magnolia RPMS]$ cd [barrie@magnolia RPMS]$ cd [barrie@magnolia RPMS]$ cd [barrie@magnolia RPMS]$ cd [barrie@magnolia RPMS]$ cd i [barrie@magnolia RPMS]$ cd i [barrie@magnolia RPMS]$ cd i3 [barrie@magnolia RPMS]$ cd i3 [barrie@magnolia RPMS]$ cd i38 [barrie@magnolia RPMS]$ cd i38 [barrie@magnolia RPMS]$ cd i386 [barrie@magnolia RPMS]$ cd i386 ]0;barrie@magnolia:/usr/src/redhat/RPMS/i386 [barrie@magnolia i386]$ [barrie@magnolia i386]$ [barrie@magnolia i386]$ l [barrie@magnolia i386]$ l [barrie@magnolia i386]$ ll [barrie@magnolia i386]$ ll total 0 ]0;barrie@magnolia:/usr/src/redhat/RPMS/i386 [barrie@magnolia i386]$ [barrie@magnolia i386]$ [barrie@magnolia i386]$ c [barrie@magnolia i386]$ c [barrie@magnolia i386]$ cd [barrie@magnolia i386]$ cd [barrie@magnolia i386]$ cd [barrie@magnolia i386]$ cd [barrie@magnolia i386]$ cd . [barrie@magnolia i386]$ cd . [barrie@magnolia i386]$ cd .. [barrie@magnolia i386]$ cd .. ]0;barrie@magnolia:/usr/src/redhat/RPMS [barrie@magnolia RPMS]$ [barrie@magnolia RPMS]$ [barrie@magnolia RPMS]$ l [barrie@magnolia RPMS]$ l [barrie@magnolia RPMS]$ ll [barrie@magnolia RPMS]$ ll total 24 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Sep 4 12:50 athlon drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Sep 4 12:50 i386 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Sep 4 12:50 i486 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Sep 4 12:50 i586 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Sep 4 12:50 i686 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Sep 4 12:50 noarch ]0;barrie@magnolia:/usr/src/redhat/RPMS [barrie@magnolia RPMS]$ [barrie@magnolia RPMS]$ [barrie@magnolia RPMS]$ c [barrie@magnolia RPMS]$ c [barrie@magnolia RPMS]$ cd [barrie@magnolia RPMS]$ cd [barrie@magnolia RPMS]$ cd [barrie@magnolia RPMS]$ cd [barrie@magnolia RPMS]$ cd . [barrie@magnolia RPMS]$ cd . [barrie@magnolia RPMS]$ cd .. [barrie@magnolia RPMS]$ cd .. ]0;barrie@magnolia:/usr/src/redhat [barrie@magnolia redhat]$ [barrie@magnolia redhat]$ [barrie@magnolia redhat]$ l [barrie@magnolia redhat]$ l [barrie@magnolia redhat]$ ll [barrie@magnolia redhat]$ ll total 20 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Sep 4 12:50 BUILD drwxr-xr-x 8 root root 4096 Oct 18 21:05 RPMS drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Sep 4 12:50 SOURCES drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Sep 4 12:50 SPECS drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Sep 4 12:50 SRPMS ]0;barrie@magnolia:/usr/src/redhat [barrie@magnolia redhat]$ [barrie@magnolia redhat]$ [barrie@magnolia redhat]$ c [barrie@magnolia redhat]$ c [barrie@magnolia redhat]$ cd [barrie@magnolia redhat]$ cd [barrie@magnolia redhat]$ cd [barrie@magnolia redhat]$ cd [barrie@magnolia redhat]$ cd . [barrie@magnolia redhat]$ cd . [barrie@magnolia redhat]$ cd .. [barrie@magnolia redhat]$ cd .. ]0;barrie@magnolia:/usr/src [barrie@magnolia src]$ [barrie@magnolia src]$ [barrie@magnolia src]$ l [barrie@magnolia src]$ l [barrie@magnolia src]$ ll [barrie@magnolia src]$ ll total 4 drwxr-xr-x 7 root root 4096 Oct 18 21:05 redhat ]0;barrie@magnolia:/usr/src [barrie@magnolia src]$ [barrie@magnolia src]$ [barrie@magnolia src]$ c [barrie@magnolia src]$ c [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd / [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd / [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd /e [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd /e [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd /et [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd /et [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd /etc [barrie@magnolia src]$ cd /etc ]0;barrie@magnolia:/etc [barrie@magnolia etc]$ [barrie@magnolia etc]$ [barrie@magnolia etc]$ l [barrie@magnolia etc]$ l [barrie@magnolia etc]$ ls [barrie@magnolia etc]$ ls a2ps.cfg inittab pnm2ppa.conf a2ps-site.cfg inputrc postfix adjtime ioctl.save ppp aep iproute2 printcap aep.conf isdn printcap.local aeplog.conf issue printcap.old alchemist issue.net printconf.local aliases kde profile aliases.db kderc profile.d aliasesLAST20021019 krb5.conf protocols alternatives krb.conf pwdb.conf anacrontab krb.realms rc at.deny ksysguarddrc rc0.d auto.master ldap.conf rc1.d auto.misc ld.so.cache rc2.d bashrc ld.so.conf rc3.d bonobo-activation lftp.conf rc4.d cdrecord.conf libuser.conf rc5.d CORBA lilo.conf.anaconda rc6.d cron.d locale rc.d cron.daily localtime rc.local cron.hourly log.d rc.sysinit cron.monthly login.defs redhat-release crontab logrotate.conf resolv.conf cron.weekly logrotate.d rmt csh.cshrc lpd.conf rndc.conf csh.login lpd.perms rndc.key cups ltrace.conf rpc default lvmtab rpm DIR_COLORS lvmtab.d samba DIR_COLORS.xterm lynx.cfg sane.d dumpdates lynx-site.cfg screenrc esd.conf mail scrollkeeper.conf ethereal mailcap securetty exports mail.rc security fam.conf makedev.d sensors.conf fb.modes man.config services fdprm mime-magic sgml filesystems mime-magic.dat shadow fonts mime.types shadow- fstab minicom.users shells fstab.REVOKE modules.conf skel gconf modules.conf~ slrn.rc gimp motd smrsh gnome mtab snmp gnome-vfs-2.0 mtools.conf sound gnome-vfs-mime-magic Muttrc ssh gpm-root.conf named.custom sudoers group nscd.conf sudoersLAST20021019 group- nsswitch.conf sysconfig grub.conf ntp sysctl.conf gshadow ntp.conf syslog.conf gshadow- oaf termcap gtk openldap updatedb.conf gtk-2.0 openoffice updfstab.conf host.conf opt updfstab.conf.default hosts pam.d vfontcap hosts.allow pam_smb.conf vfs hosts.deny pango warnquota.conf hotplug paper.config webalizer.conf htdig.conf passwd wgetrc httpd passwd- X11 im_palette.pal passwdLAST20021020 xinetd.conf im_palette-small.pal passwd.OLD xinetd.d im_palette-tiny.pal pbm2ppa.conf xml imrc pcmcia xpdfrc info-dir pine.conf yp.conf init.d pine.conf.fixed initlog.conf pinforc ]0;barrie@magnolia:/etc [barrie@magnolia etc]$ [barrie@magnolia etc]$ [barrie@magnolia etc]$ l [barrie@magnolia etc]$ l [barrie@magnolia etc]$ ls [barrie@magnolia etc]$ ls [barrie@magnolia etc]$ ls [barrie@magnolia etc]$ ls [barrie@magnolia etc]$ ls m [barrie@magnolia etc]$ ls m [barrie@magnolia etc]$ ls m* [barrie@magnolia etc]$ ls m* mailcap man.config mime-magic.dat minicom.users modules.conf~ mtab mail.rc mime-magic mime.types modules.conf motd mtools.conf mail: access helpfile Makefile submit.cf virtusertable.db access.db local-host-names sendmail.cf submit.mc domaintable mailertable sendmail.mc trusted-users domaintable.db mailertable.db statistics virtusertable makedev.d: 00macros console ia64 ipfilter mouse sound v4l ataraid dac960 ibcs isdn qic std cciss ftape ida libraw1394 raid undocumented cdrom generic ide linux-2.4.x redhat usb ]0;barrie@magnolia:/etc [barrie@magnolia etc]$ [barrie@magnolia etc]$ [barrie@magnolia etc]$ c [barrie@magnolia etc]$ c [barrie@magnolia etc]$ cd [barrie@magnolia etc]$ cd [barrie@magnolia etc]$ c [barrie@magnolia etc]$ c [barrie@magnolia etc]$  [barrie@magnolia etc]$ [barrie@magnolia etc]$ s [barrie@magnolia etc]$ s [barrie@magnolia etc]$ su [barrie@magnolia etc]$ su Password: ]0;barrie@magnolia:/etc [root@magnolia etc]# [root@magnolia etc]# [root@magnolia etc]# c [root@magnolia etc]# c [root@magnolia etc]# cd [root@magnolia etc]# cd [root@magnolia etc]# cd [root@magnolia etc]# cd [root@magnolia etc]# cd / [root@magnolia etc]# cd / [root@magnolia etc]# cd /s [root@magnolia etc]# cd /s [root@magnolia etc]# cd /sb [root@magnolia etc]# cd /sb [root@magnolia etc]# cd /sbi [root@magnolia etc]# cd /sbi [root@magnolia etc]# cd /sbin [root@magnolia etc]# cd /sbin ]0;barrie@magnolia:/sbin [root@magnolia sbin]# [root@magnolia sbin]# [root@magnolia sbin]# l [root@magnolia sbin]# l [root@magnolia sbin]# ls [root@magnolia sbin]# ls addpart ibod minilogd rdump adsl-connect icnctrl mkbootdisk rdump.static adsl-setup ide_info mkdosfs reboot adsl-start ifcfg mke2fs reiserfsck adsl-status ifconfig mkfs rescuept adsl-stop ifdown mkfs.bfs resize2fs agetty ifenslave mkfs.ext2 resize_reiserfs arp ifport mkfs.ext3 restore arping ifup mkfs.jfs restore.static arytst ifuser mkfs.minix rmmod avmcapictrl init mkfs.msdos rmt badblocks initlog mkfs.reiserfs route blockdev insmod mkfs.vfat rpcdebug capiinit insmod_ksymoops_clean mkinitrd rpc.lockd cardctl insmod.static mkkerneldoth rpc.statd cardmgr install-info mkraid rrestore chkconfig installkernel mkreiserfs rrestore.static clock ip mkswap rtmon consoletype ipmaddr mkzonedb runlevel convertquota ipppd modinfo scsi_info ctrlaltdel ipppstats modprobe service debugfs iprofd mount.smb setpci debugreiserfs iptables mount.smbfs setsysfont defragfs iptables-restore nameif sfdisk delpart iptables-save nash shutdown depmod iptunnel netreport slattach detect_multipath isdnctrl new-kernel-pkg sln dhclient isdnlog nologin stinit dhclient-script iwconfig pack_cis sulogin dosfsck iwevent pam_console_apply swapoff dump iwgetid pam_tally swapon dump_cis iwlist pam_timestamp_check sysctl dumpe2fs iwpriv parted syslogd dump.static iwspy partx tc e2fsadm kallsyms pcbitctl telinit e2fsck kernelversion pcinitrd tune2fs e2image killall5 pidof unix_chkpwd e2label klogd pivot_root unpack elvtune ksyms plipconfig update ether-wake ldconfig portmap usbmodules extendfs lilo poweroff vboxd fdisk logdump pppoe vgcfgbackup fsck logredo pppoe-relay vgcfgrestore fsck.ext2 loopctrl pppoe-server vgchange fsck.ext3 losetup pppoe-sniff vgchange.static fsck.jfs lsmod ppp-watch vgck fsck.minix lspci probe vgcreate fsck.msdos lspnp pvchange vgdisplay fsck.reiserfs lsraid pvcreate vgexport fsck.vfat lsusb pvdata vgextend ftl_check lvchange pvdisplay vgimport ftl_format lvcreate pvmove vgmerge fuser lvdisplay pvscan vgmknodes fxload lvextend pwdb_chkpwd vgreduce genksyms lvmchange quotacheck vgremove getkey lvmcreate_initrd quotaoff vgrename grub lvmdiskscan quotaon vgscan grubby lvmsadc raid0run vgscan.static grub-install lvmsar raidhotadd vgsplit grub-md5-crypt lvreduce raidhotgenerateerror vgwrapper halt lvremove raidhotremove xchkdmp hdparm lvrename raidreconf xchklog hisaxctrl lvscan raidsetfaulty xpeek hotplug mii-tool raidstart ypbind hwclock mingetty raidstop ]0;barrie@magnolia:/sbin [root@magnolia sbin]# [root@magnolia sbin]# [root@magnolia sbin]# l [root@magnolia sbin]# l [root@magnolia sbin]# ls [root@magnolia sbin]# ls [root@magnolia sbin]# ls [root@magnolia sbin]# ls [root@magnolia sbin]# ls l [root@magnolia sbin]# ls l [root@magnolia sbin]# ls li [root@magnolia sbin]# ls li [root@magnolia sbin]# ls lin [root@magnolia sbin]# ls lin [root@magnolia sbin]# ls linu [root@magnolia sbin]# ls linu [root@magnolia sbin]# ls linux [root@magnolia sbin]# ls linux ls: linux: No such file or directory ]0;barrie@magnolia:/sbin [root@magnolia sbin]# [root@magnolia sbin]# [root@magnolia sbin]# w [root@magnolia sbin]# w [root@magnolia sbin]# wh [root@magnolia sbin]# wh [root@magnolia sbin]# whe [root@magnolia sbin]# whe [root@magnolia sbin]# wher [root@magnolia sbin]# wher [root@magnolia sbin]# where [root@magnolia sbin]# where [root@magnolia sbin]# wherei [root@magnolia sbin]# wherei [root@magnolia sbin]# whereis [root@magnolia sbin]# whereis [root@magnolia sbin]# whereis [root@magnolia sbin]# whereis [root@magnolia sbin]# whereis k [root@magnolia sbin]# whereis k [root@magnolia sbin]# whereis ke [root@magnolia sbin]# whereis ke [root@magnolia sbin]# whereis ker [root@magnolia sbin]# whereis ker [root@magnolia sbin]# whereis kern [root@magnolia sbin]# whereis kern [root@magnolia sbin]# whereis kerne [root@magnolia sbin]# whereis kerne [root@magnolia sbin]# whereis kernel [root@magnolia sbin]# whereis kernel [root@magnolia sbin]# whereis kerne [root@magnolia sbin]# whereis kerne kerne: ]0;barrie@magnolia:/sbin [root@magnolia sbin]# [root@magnolia sbin]# [root@magnolia sbin]# w [root@magnolia sbin]# w [root@magnolia sbin]# wh [root@magnolia sbin]# wh [root@magnolia sbin]# whe [root@magnolia sbin]# whe [root@magnolia sbin]# wher [root@magnolia sbin]# wher [root@magnolia sbin]# where [root@magnolia sbin]# where [root@magnolia sbin]# wherei [root@magnolia sbin]# wherei [root@magnolia sbin]# whereis [root@magnolia sbin]# whereis [root@magnolia sbin]# whereis [root@magnolia sbin]# whereis [root@magnolia sbin]# whereis l [root@magnolia sbin]# whereis l [root@magnolia sbin]# whereis li [root@magnolia sbin]# whereis li [root@magnolia sbin]# whereis lin [root@magnolia sbin]# whereis lin [root@magnolia sbin]# whereis linu [root@magnolia sbin]# whereis linu [root@magnolia sbin]# whereis linux [root@magnolia sbin]# whereis linux linux: /usr/include/linux ]0;barrie@magnolia:/sbin [root@magnolia sbin]# [root@magnolia sbin]# [root@magnolia sbin]# w [root@magnolia sbin]# w [root@magnolia sbin]# wh [root@magnolia sbin]# wh [root@magnolia sbin]# whi [root@magnolia sbin]# whi [root@magnolia sbin]# whic [root@magnolia sbin]# whic [root@magnolia sbin]# which [root@magnolia sbin]# which [root@magnolia sbin]# whic [root@magnolia sbin]# whic [root@magnolia sbin]# whi [root@magnolia sbin]# whi [root@magnolia sbin]# wh [root@magnolia sbin]# wh [root@magnolia sbin]# w [root@magnolia sbin]# w [root@magnolia sbin]#  [root@magnolia sbin]# [root@magnolia sbin]# u [root@magnolia sbin]# u [root@magnolia sbin]# un [root@magnolia sbin]# un [root@magnolia sbin]# unc [root@magnolia sbin]# unc [root@magnolia sbin]# unca [root@magnolia sbin]# unca [root@magnolia sbin]# uncam [root@magnolia sbin]# uncam [root@magnolia sbin]# unca [root@magnolia sbin]# unca [root@magnolia sbin]# unc [root@magnolia sbin]# unc [root@magnolia sbin]# un [root@magnolia sbin]# un [root@magnolia sbin]# unn [root@magnolia sbin]# unn [root@magnolia sbin]# unna [root@magnolia sbin]# unna [root@magnolia sbin]# unnam [root@magnolia sbin]# unnam [root@magnolia sbin]# unna [root@magnolia sbin]# unna [root@magnolia sbin]# unn [root@magnolia sbin]# unn [root@magnolia sbin]# un [root@magnolia sbin]# un [root@magnolia sbin]# una [root@magnolia sbin]# una [root@magnolia sbin]# unam [root@magnolia sbin]# unam [root@magnolia sbin]# uname [root@magnolia sbin]# uname [root@magnolia sbin]# uname [root@magnolia sbin]# uname [root@magnolia sbin]# uname - [root@magnolia sbin]# uname - [root@magnolia sbin]# uname -a [root@magnolia sbin]# uname -a Linux magnolia.brighton.org 2.4.18-14 #1 Wed Sep 4 13:35:50 EDT 2002 i686 i686 i386 GNU/Linux ]0;barrie@magnolia:/sbin [root@magnolia sbin]# [root@magnolia sbin]# [root@magnolia sbin]# c [root@magnolia sbin]# c [root@magnolia sbin]# cd [root@magnolia sbin]# cd [root@magnolia sbin]# cd [root@magnolia sbin]# cd [root@magnolia sbin]# cd u [root@magnolia sbin]# cd u [root@magnolia sbin]# cd us [root@magnolia sbin]# cd us [root@magnolia sbin]# cd usr [root@magnolia sbin]# cd usr [root@magnolia sbin]# cd usr/ [root@magnolia sbin]# cd usr/ [root@magnolia sbin]# cd usr/s [root@magnolia sbin]# cd usr/s [root@magnolia sbin]# cd usr/sr [root@magnolia sbin]# cd usr/sr [root@magnolia sbin]# cd usr/src [root@magnolia sbin]# cd usr/src bash: cd: usr/src: No such file or directory ]0;barrie@magnolia:/sbin [root@magnolia sbin]# [root@magnolia sbin]# [root@magnolia sbin]# l [root@magnolia sbin]# l [root@magnolia sbin]# ls [root@magnolia sbin]# ls addpart ibod minilogd rdump adsl-connect icnctrl mkbootdisk rdump.static adsl-setup ide_info mkdosfs reboot adsl-start ifcfg mke2fs reiserfsck adsl-status ifconfig mkfs rescuept adsl-stop ifdown mkfs.bfs resize2fs agetty ifenslave mkfs.ext2 resize_reiserfs arp ifport mkfs.ext3 restore arping ifup mkfs.jfs restore.static arytst ifuser mkfs.minix rmmod avmcapictrl init mkfs.msdos rmt badblocks initlog mkfs.reiserfs route blockdev insmod mkfs.vfat rpcdebug capiinit insmod_ksymoops_clean mkinitrd rpc.lockd cardctl insmod.static mkkerneldoth rpc.statd cardmgr install-info mkraid rrestore chkconfig installkernel mkreiserfs rrestore.static clock ip mkswap rtmon consoletype ipmaddr mkzonedb runlevel convertquota ipppd modinfo scsi_info ctrlaltdel ipppstats modprobe service debugfs iprofd mount.smb setpci debugreiserfs iptables mount.smbfs setsysfont defragfs iptables-restore nameif sfdisk delpart iptables-save nash shutdown depmod iptunnel netreport slattach detect_multipath isdnctrl new-kernel-pkg sln dhclient isdnlog nologin stinit dhclient-script iwconfig pack_cis sulogin dosfsck iwevent pam_console_apply swapoff dump iwgetid pam_tally swapon dump_cis iwlist pam_timestamp_check sysctl dumpe2fs iwpriv parted syslogd dump.static iwspy partx tc e2fsadm kallsyms pcbitctl telinit e2fsck kernelversion pcinitrd tune2fs e2image killall5 pidof unix_chkpwd e2label klogd pivot_root unpack elvtune ksyms plipconfig update ether-wake ldconfig portmap usbmodules extendfs lilo poweroff vboxd fdisk logdump pppoe vgcfgbackup fsck logredo pppoe-relay vgcfgrestore fsck.ext2 loopctrl pppoe-server vgchange fsck.ext3 losetup pppoe-sniff vgchange.static fsck.jfs lsmod ppp-watch vgck fsck.minix lspci probe vgcreate fsck.msdos lspnp pvchange vgdisplay fsck.reiserfs lsraid pvcreate vgexport fsck.vfat lsusb pvdata vgextend ftl_check lvchange pvdisplay vgimport ftl_format lvcreate pvmove vgmerge fuser lvdisplay pvscan vgmknodes fxload lvextend pwdb_chkpwd vgreduce genksyms lvmchange quotacheck vgremove getkey lvmcreate_initrd quotaoff vgrename grub lvmdiskscan quotaon vgscan grubby lvmsadc raid0run vgscan.static grub-install lvmsar raidhotadd vgsplit grub-md5-crypt lvreduce raidhotgenerateerror vgwrapper halt lvremove raidhotremove xchkdmp hdparm lvrename raidreconf xchklog hisaxctrl lvscan raidsetfaulty xpeek hotplug mii-tool raidstart ypbind hwclock mingetty raidstop ]0;barrie@magnolia:/sbin [root@magnolia sbin]# [root@magnolia sbin]# [root@magnolia sbin]# c [root@magnolia sbin]# c [root@magnolia sbin]# cd [root@magnolia sbin]# cd [root@magnolia sbin]# cd [root@magnolia sbin]# cd [root@magnolia sbin]# cd / [root@magnolia sbin]# cd / [root@magnolia sbin]# cd /u [root@magnolia sbin]# cd /u [root@magnolia sbin]# cd /us [root@magnolia sbin]# cd /us [root@magnolia sbin]# cd /usr [root@magnolia sbin]# cd /usr [root@magnolia sbin]# cd /usr/ [root@magnolia sbin]# cd /usr/ [root@magnolia sbin]# cd /usr/s [root@magnolia sbin]# cd /usr/s [root@magnolia sbin]# cd /usr/sr [root@magnolia sbin]# cd /usr/sr [root@magnolia sbin]# cd /usr/src [root@magnolia sbin]# cd /usr/src ]0;barrie@magnolia:/usr/src [root@magnolia src]# [root@magnolia src]# [root@magnolia src]# l [root@magnolia src]# l [root@magnolia src]# ls [root@magnolia src]# ls redhat ]0;barrie@magnolia:/usr/src [root@magnolia src]# [root@magnolia src]# [root@magnolia src]# c [root@magnolia src]# c [root@magnolia src]# cd [root@magnolia src]# cd [root@magnolia src]# cd [root@magnolia src]# cd [root@magnolia src]# cd / [root@magnolia src]# cd / [root@magnolia src]# cd /u [root@magnolia src]# cd /u [root@magnolia src]# cd /us [root@magnolia src]# cd /us [root@magnolia src]# cd /usr [root@magnolia src]# cd /usr [root@magnolia src]# cd /usr/ [root@magnolia src]# cd /usr/ [root@magnolia src]# cd /usr/s [root@magnolia src]# cd /usr/s [root@magnolia src]# cd /usr/sb [root@magnolia src]# cd /usr/sb [root@magnolia src]# cd /usr/sbi [root@magnolia src]# cd /usr/sbi [root@magnolia src]# cd /usr/sbin [root@magnolia src]# cd /usr/sbin ]0;barrie@magnolia:/usr/sbin [root@magnolia sbin]# [root@magnolia sbin]# [root@magnolia sbin]# l [root@magnolia sbin]# l [root@magnolia sbin]# ls [root@magnolia sbin]# ls accept lid redhat-config-network adduser lnewusers redhat-config-network-cmd adsl-connect lockdev redhat-config-network-druid adsl-setup logrotate redhat-config-packages adsl-start logwatch redhat-config-printer adsl-status lokkit redhat-config-printer-gui adsl-stop loopctrl redhat-config-printer-tui aepdaemon lpadmin redhat-config-proc aepload lpasswd redhat-config-services aeptest lpc redhat-install-packages aepversion lpc.cups redhat-switchmail alternatives lpc.LPRng redhat-switchmail-nox anacron lpd redhat-switch-printer apmd lpdomatic redhat-switch-printer-nox arping lpinfo reject atd lpmove repquota atrun lsof rhn_check authconfig luseradd rhnreg_ks automount luserdel rhnsd avmcapictrl lusermod rndc bonobo-activation-sysconf lwresd rndc-confgen build-locale-archive mailstats rootflags camel-lock-helper makemap rpcinfo capiinit makewhatis rpc.mountd chat mkdict rpc.nfsd checkpc mklost+found rpc.rquotad chkfontpath mksock rtacct chpasswd mkzonedb safe_finger chroot modeline2fb saned clockdiff module_upgrade saslauthd crond monitor sasldblistusers cupsaddsmb mouseconfig sasldblistusers2 cupsd mtr saslpasswd dbconverter-2 named saslpasswd2 ddcprobe named-bootconf sendmail dns-keygen named-checkconf sendmail.postfix dnssec-keygen named-checkzone sendmail.sendmail dnssec-makekeyset neat sensors-detect dnssec-signkey neat-tui serviceconf dnssec-signzone netconfig setclock dongle_attach newusers setpcaps editcap nfsstat setquota edquota nhfsstone setup ethtool nmbd showmount execcap nscd smbd exportfs ntpd smrsh fbset ntpdate smtp-sink findchip ntpdc smtp-source firstboot ntp-genkeys snmpd foomatic-addpjloptions ntpq snmptrapd foomatic-fix-xml ntptime sshd foomatic-getpjloptions ntptimeset strfile foomatic-kitload ntptrace stunnel foomatic-ppdload ntp-wait sucap foomatic-preferred-driver ntsysv sys-unconfig gdmaskpass packer tcpd gdmconfig pcbitctl tcpdump gdmopen ping6 tcpslice gdm-restart pmap_dump tethereal gdm-safe-restart pmap_set tickadj gdmsetup postalias timeconfig getpcaps postcat tmpwatch glibc_post_upgrade postconf tracepath gnome-pty-helper postdrop tracepath6 gpm postfix traceroute groupadd postkick traceroute6 groupdel postlock try-from groupmod postlog tunelp grpck postmap unstr grpconv postqueue up2date grpunconv postsuper up2date-config hisaxctrl pppd up2date-nox hotplugctl pppdump update-alternatives hwclock pppoe updfstab ibod pppoe-relay useradd icnctrl pppoe-server userdel iconvconfig pppoe-sniff userhelper imon pppstats userisdnctl imontty praliases usermod inetdconvert printconf usernetctl internet-druid printconf-backend utempter ipppd printconf-gui vboxd ipppstats printconf-tui vidmode iprofd printtool vigr irattach pwck vipw irdaping pwconv visudo isdnctrl pwunconv warnquota isdnlog quotastats winbindd isdnup ramsize xcdroast kbdconfig rcapid xinetd kbdrate rdev xinetd-ipv6 kppp rdisc yppoll ksconfig rdistd ypset kudzu readprofile yptest lchage redhat-cdinstall-helper zdump lgroupadd redhat-config-bind zic lgroupdel redhat-config-bind-gui lgroupmod redhat-config-kickstart ]0;barrie@magnolia:/usr/sbin [root@magnolia sbin]# [root@magnolia sbin]# [root@magnolia sbin]# l [root@magnolia sbin]# l [root@magnolia sbin]# ls [root@magnolia sbin]# ls [root@magnolia sbin]# ls [root@magnolia sbin]# ls [root@magnolia sbin]# ls l [root@magnolia sbin]# ls l [root@magnolia sbin]# ls l* [root@magnolia sbin]# ls l* lchage lid logwatch lpasswd lpd lsof lwresd lgroupadd lnewusers lokkit lpc lpdomatic luseradd lgroupdel lockdev loopctrl lpc.cups lpinfo luserdel lgroupmod logrotate lpadmin lpc.LPRng lpmove lusermod ]0;barrie@magnolia:/usr/sbin [root@magnolia sbin]# [root@magnolia sbin]# [root@magnolia sbin]# l [root@magnolia sbin]# l [root@magnolia sbin]# ls [root@magnolia sbin]# ls [root@magnolia sbin]# ls [root@magnolia sbin]# ls [root@magnolia sbin]# ls r [root@magnolia sbin]# ls r [root@magnolia sbin]# ls r* [root@magnolia sbin]# ls r* ramsize redhat-config-packages rhn_check rcapid redhat-config-printer rhnreg_ks rdev redhat-config-printer-gui rhnsd rdisc redhat-config-printer-tui rndc rdistd redhat-config-proc rndc-confgen readprofile redhat-config-services rootflags redhat-cdinstall-helper redhat-install-packages rpcinfo redhat-config-bind redhat-switchmail rpc.mountd redhat-config-bind-gui redhat-switchmail-nox rpc.nfsd redhat-config-kickstart redhat-switch-printer rpc.rquotad redhat-config-network redhat-switch-printer-nox rtacct redhat-config-network-cmd reject redhat-config-network-druid repquota ]0;barrie@magnolia:/usr/sbin [root@magnolia sbin]# [root@magnolia sbin]# [root@magnolia sbin]# c [root@magnolia sbin]# c [root@magnolia sbin]# cd [root@magnolia sbin]# cd [root@magnolia sbin]# cd [root@magnolia sbin]# cd [root@magnolia sbin]# cd ~ [root@magnolia sbin]# cd ~ [root@magnolia sbin]# cd ~b [root@magnolia sbin]# cd ~b [root@magnolia sbin]# cd ~ba [root@magnolia sbin]# cd ~ba [root@magnolia sbin]# cd ~bar [root@magnolia sbin]# cd ~bar [root@magnolia sbin]# cd ~barr [root@magnolia sbin]# cd ~barr [root@magnolia sbin]# cd ~barri [root@magnolia sbin]# cd ~barri [root@magnolia sbin]# cd ~barrie [root@magnolia sbin]# cd ~barrie [root@magnolia sbin]# cd ~barrie/ [root@magnolia sbin]# cd ~barrie/ [root@magnolia sbin]# cd ~barrie/t [root@magnolia sbin]# cd ~barrie/t [root@magnolia sbin]# cd ~barrie/tm [root@magnolia sbin]# cd ~barrie/tm [root@magnolia sbin]# cd ~barrie/tmp [root@magnolia sbin]# cd ~barrie/tmp ]0;barrie@magnolia:/home/barrie/tmp [root@magnolia tmp]# [root@magnolia tmp]# [root@magnolia tmp]# l [root@magnolia tmp]# l [root@magnolia tmp]# ls [root@magnolia tmp]# ls ctime502_linuxre_en.tar.gz openoffice-1.0.1-8.i386.rpm done openssl-0.9.6g.tar.gz extra openssl-0.9.6g.tar.gz.1 httpd-2.0.43.tar.gz perl kernel php kernel-2.4.18-14.src.rpm setup021109 nbtscan-1.0.3.tar.gz siege-latest.tar.gz OOo_1.0.1_LinuxIntel_install.tar.gz vpnclient-linux-3.6.2a.tar.gz openload-0.1.2.tar.gz ]0;barrie@magnolia:/home/barrie/tmp [root@magnolia tmp]# [root@magnolia tmp]# [root@magnolia tmp]# c [root@magnolia tmp]# c [root@magnolia tmp]# cd [root@magnolia tmp]# cd [root@magnolia tmp]# cd [root@magnolia tmp]# cd [root@magnolia tmp]# cd k [root@magnolia tmp]# cd k [root@magnolia tmp]# cd ke [root@magnolia tmp]# cd ke [root@magnolia tmp]# cd ker [root@magnolia tmp]# cd ker [root@magnolia tmp]# cd kern [root@magnolia tmp]# cd kern [root@magnolia tmp]# cd kerne [root@magnolia tmp]# cd kerne [root@magnolia tmp]# cd kernel [root@magnolia tmp]# cd kernel ]0;barrie@magnolia:/home/barrie/tmp/kernel [root@magnolia kernel]# [root@magnolia kernel]# [root@magnolia kernel]# l [root@magnolia kernel]# l [root@magnolia kernel]# ls [root@magnolia kernel]# ls Kernel-HOWTO_files linux-2.4.19.tar.gz Kernel-HOWTO.html linux-2.4.19.tar.gz.sign ]0;barrie@magnolia:/home/barrie/tmp/kernel [root@magnolia kernel]# [root@magnolia kernel]# [root@magnolia kernel]# l [root@magnolia kernel]# l [root@magnolia kernel]# ly [root@magnolia kernel]# ly [root@magnolia kernel]# lyn [root@magnolia kernel]# lyn [root@magnolia kernel]# lynx [root@magnolia kernel]# lynx [root@magnolia kernel]# lynx [root@magnolia kernel]# lynx [root@magnolia kernel]# lynx K [root@magnolia kernel]# lynx K [root@magnolia kernel]# lynx Ke [root@magnolia kernel]# lynx Ke [root@magnolia kernel]# lynx Ken [root@magnolia kernel]# lynx Ken [root@magnolia kernel]# lynx Kene [root@magnolia kernel]# lynx Kene [root@magnolia kernel]# lynx Ken [root@magnolia kernel]# lynx Ken [root@magnolia kernel]# lynx Ke [root@magnolia kernel]# lynx Ke [root@magnolia kernel]# lynx Ker [root@magnolia kernel]# lynx Ker [root@magnolia kernel]# lynx Kern [root@magnolia kernel]# lynx Kern [root@magnolia kernel]# lynx Kerne [root@magnolia kernel]# lynx Kerne [root@magnolia kernel]# lynx Kernel [root@magnolia kernel]# lynx Kernel [root@magnolia kernel]# lynx Kernel- [root@magnolia kernel]# lynx Kernel- [root@magnolia kernel]# lynx Kernel-H [root@magnolia kernel]# lynx Kernel-H [root@magnolia kernel]# lynx Kernel-HO [root@magnolia kernel]# lynx Kernel-HO [root@magnolia kernel]# lynx Kernel-HOW [root@magnolia kernel]# lynx Kernel-HOW [root@magnolia kernel]# lynx Kernel-HOWT [root@magnolia kernel]# lynx Kernel-HOWT [root@magnolia kernel]# lynx Kernel-HOWTO [root@magnolia kernel]# lynx Kernel-HOWTO [root@magnolia kernel]# lynx Kernel-HOWTO. [root@magnolia kernel]# lynx Kernel-HOWTO. [root@magnolia kernel]# lynx Kernel-HOWTO.h [root@magnolia kernel]# lynx Kernel-HOWTO.h [root@magnolia kernel]# lynx Kernel-HOWTO.ht [root@magnolia kernel]# lynx Kernel-HOWTO.ht [root@magnolia kernel]# lynx Kernel-HOWTO.htm [root@magnolia kernel]# lynx Kernel-HOWTO.htm [root@magnolia kernel]# lynx Kernel-HOWTO.html [root@magnolia kernel]# lynx Kernel-HOWTO.html (B)0[?1048h[?1047h[?7h[?1h=Getting file://localhost/home/barrie/tmp/kernel/Kernel-HOWTO.html#The Linux Kernel HOWTO (p1 of 3) #next Next Previous Contents _________________________________________________________________ The Linux Kernel HOWTO Brian Ward bri@cs.uchicago.edu , Al Dev (Alavoor Vasudevan) alavoor[AT]yahoo.com v4.0, 27 June 2002 _________________________________________________________________ This is a detailed guide to kernel configuration, compilation, upgrades, and troubleshooting for ix86-based systems. _________________________________________________________________ 1. Introduction 6  Arrow keys: Up and Down to move. Right to follow a link; Left to go back. H)elp O)ptions P)rint G)o M)ain screen Q)uit /=search [delete]=history list  -- press space for next page --next2 * 1.1 Read this first! (I mean it)  * 1.2 A word on style 2. Quick Steps - Kernel Compile  * 2.1 Precautionary Preparations * 2.2 For The Impatient * 2.3 Building Kernel - Explanation of Steps  * 2.4 Troublshoot Common Mistakes  * 2.5 Post Kern[11@el Building * 2.6 Sample lilo.conf   3. Important questions and their answers   * 3.1 What does the kernel do, anyway?   * 3.2 Why would I want to upgrade my kernel?  * 3.3 What kind of hardware do the newer kernels support?  * 3.4 What version of gcc and libc do I need?  * 3.5 What[21@'s a loadable module? * 3.6 How much disk space do I need?  1.1 Read this first! (I mean it)1.1 Read this first! (I mean it)1.2 A word on style1.2 A word on styleQuick Steps - Kernel CompileQuick Steps - Kernel Compile2.1 Precautionary Preparations2.1 Precautionary Preparations2.2 For The Impatient2.2 For The Impatient2.1 Precautionary Preparations Getting http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/Kernel-HOWTO-2.html#ss2.1 Looking up www.tldp.org  [26@Making HTTP connection to  Sending HTTP request. HTTP request sent; w[19@aiting for response /1.1 200 OK Data transfer complete The Linux Kernel HOWTO: Quick Steps - Kernel Compile (p1 of 25 2.1 Precautionary Preparations  Before you build kernel, it is a good idea to do a backup of the system. If you had not backed up your system recently then you can do it now. You can use commercial backup tools like BRS Backup-Recovery-Software (also in this page you can find open-source/freeware backup tools listed under 'Backup and Restore Utility'). Backup is just a suggestion and it is not mandatory to do backup before building the Linux kernel.  2.2 For The Impatient 1. Unpack the sources 2. make clean 3. make xconfig 4. make dep 5. make 6. make bzImage 7. make modules 8. make install   -- press space for next page --BRS Backup-Recovery-Software2 9. make modules_install 10. configure LILO or GRUB.  See details in next section....  2.3 Building Kernel - Explanation of Steps  Details of the steps mentioned in the previous section:   Note: Below 'bash#' denotes the bash prompt, you should type the commands that appear after the 'bash#' prompt. Below are commands tested on Redhat Linux Kernel 2.4.7-10, but it should work for other distributions with very minor changes. It should also work for older kernel versions like 2.2, 2.0 and 1.3.  1. Note: You can have many kernel images on your system. By following  the steps below you do not overwrite or damage your existing  kernel. These steps are very safe and your current kernel will be  intact and will not be touched. 2. Login in as 'root' throughout all these steps. Mount Redhat linux  3  cdrom and install the linux kernel source rpm _____________________________________________________________ bash$ su - root bash# cd /mnt/cdrom/RedHat/RPMS bash# rpm -i kernel-headers*.rpm bash# rpm -i kernel-source*.rpm bash# rpm -i dev86*.rpm bash# rpm -i bin86*.rpm _____________________________________________________________    (The bin86*.rpm and 'as86' is required only for OLDER Linux systems like redhat 5.x. Get Intel assembler 'as86' command from dev86*.rpm on cdrom or from bin86-mandrake , bin86-kondara ). 3.  + Start X-windows with 'startx'. If you are not able to start X-window then see next step below. ________________________________________________________    bash# man startx  bin86-mandrake2 9. make modules_install 10. configure LILO or GRUB. See details in next section....  2.3 Building Kernel - Explanation of Steps  Details of the steps mentioned in the previous section:   Note: Below 'bash#' denotes the bash prompt, you should type the commands that appear after the 'bash#' prompt. Below are commands tested on Redhat Linux Kernel 2.4.7-10, but it should work for other distributions with very minor changes. It should also work for older kernel versions like 2.2, 2.0 and 1.3.  1. Note: You can have many kernel images on your system. By following the steps below you do not overwrite or damage your existing kernel. These steps are very safe and your current kernel will be intact and will not be touched. 2. Login in as 'root' throughout all these steps. Mount Redhat linux  1 2.1 Precautionary Preparations  Before you build kernel, it is a good idea to do a backup of the system. If you had not backed up your system recently then you can do it now. You can use commercial backup tools like BRS  Backup-Recovery-Software (also in this page you can find open-source/freeware backup tools listed under 'Backup and Restore Utility'). Backup is just a suggestion and it is not mandatory to do backup before building the Linux kernel.  2.2 For The Impatient   1. Unpack the sources  2. make clean 3. make xconfig 4. make dep 5. make 6. make bzImage 7. make modules 8. make install  BRS Backup-Recovery-Software2 9. make modules_install 10. configure LILO or GRUB.  See details in next section....  2.3 Building Kernel - Explanation of Steps  Details of the steps mentioned in the previous section:   Note: Below 'bash#' denotes the bash prompt, you should type the commands that appear after the 'bash#' prompt. Below are commands tested on Redhat Linux Kernel 2.4.7-10, but it should work for other distributions with very minor changes. It should also work for older kernel versions like 2.2, 2.0 and 1.3.  1. Note: You can have many kernel images on your system. By following  the steps below you do not overwrite or damage your existing  kernel. These steps are very safe and your current kernel will be  intact and will not be touched. 2. Login in as 'root' throughout all these steps. Mount Redhat linux  3  cdrom and install the linux kernel source rpm _____________________________________________________________ bash$ su - root bash# cd /mnt/cdrom/RedHat/RPMS bash# rpm -i kernel-headers*.rpm bash# rpm -i kernel-source*.rpm bash# rpm -i dev86*.rpm bash# rpm -i bin86*.rpm _____________________________________________________________    (The bin86*.rpm and 'as86' is required only for OLDER Linux systems like redhat 5.x. Get Intel assembler 'as86' command from dev86*.rpm on cdrom or from bin86-mandrake , bin86-kondara ). 3.  + Start X-windows with 'startx'. If you are not able to start X-window then see next step below. ________________________________________________________    bash# man startx  bin86-mandrake Getting file://localhost/home/barrie/tmp/kernel/Kernel-HOWTO.html The Linux Kernel HOWTO (p2 of 6 * 1.1 Read this first! (I mean it) * 1.2 A word on style 2. Quick Steps - Kernel Compile   * 2.1 Precautionary Preparations  * 2.2 For The Impatient  * 2.3 Building Kernel - Explanation of Steps  * 2.4 Troublshoot Common Mistakes * 2.5 Post Kernel Building  * 2.6 Sample lilo.conf  3. Important questions and their answers    * 3.1 What does the kernel do, anyway? * 3.2 Why would I want to upgrade my kernel?  * 3.3 What kind of hardware do the newer kernels support? * 3.4 What version of gcc and libc do I need?  * 3.5 What's a loadable module? * 3.6 How much disk space do I need?   -- press space for next page --2.1 Precautionary Preparations Getting http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/Kernel-HOWTO-2.html#ss2.1 The Linux Kernel HOWTO: Quick Steps - Kernel Compile (p1 of 25 2.1 Precautionary Preparations  Before you build kernel, it is a good idea to do a backup of the system. If you had not backed up your system recently then you can do it now. You can use commercial backup tools like BRS Backup-Recovery-Software (also in this page you can find open-source/freeware backup tools listed under 'Backup and Restore Utility'). Backup is just a suggestion and it is not mandatory to do backup before building the Linux kernel.  2.2 For The Impatient 1. Unpack the sources 2. make clean 3. make xconfig 4. make dep 5. make 6. make bzImage 7. make modules 8. make install   -- press space for next page --BRS Backup-Recovery-Software2 9. make modules_install 10. configure LILO or GRUB.  See details in next section....  2.3 Building Kernel - Explanation of Steps  Details of the steps mentioned in the previous section:   Note: Below 'bash#' denotes the bash prompt, you should type the commands that appear after the 'bash#' prompt. Below are commands tested on Redhat Linux Kernel 2.4.7-10, but it should work for other distributions with very minor changes. It should also work for older kernel versions like 2.2, 2.0 and 1.3.  1. Note: You can have many kernel images on your system. By following  the steps below you do not overwrite or damage your existing  kernel. These steps are very safe and your current kernel will be  intact and will not be touched. 2. Login in as 'root' throughout all these steps. Mount Redhat linux  3  cdrom and install the linux kernel source rpm _____________________________________________________________ bash$ su - root bash# cd /mnt/cdrom/RedHat/RPMS bash# rpm -i kernel-headers*.rpm bash# rpm -i kernel-source*.rpm bash# rpm -i dev86*.rpm bash# rpm -i bin86*.rpm _____________________________________________________________    (The bin86*.rpm and 'as86' is required only for OLDER Linux systems like redhat 5.x. Get Intel assembler 'as86' command from dev86*.rpm on cdrom or from bin86-mandrake , bin86-kondara ). 3.  + Start X-windows with 'startx'. If you are not able to start X-window then see next step below. ________________________________________________________    bash# man startx  bin86-mandrake4  bash# startxbash# cd /usr/src/linuxbash# make xconfig ________________________________________________________   + If you are not able to start X-window above then try - ________________________________________________________   bash# export TERM=xtermbash# make menuconfig If you find scrambled display, then use different terminal emulators like vt100 , vt102, vt220 or ansi. The display will be scrambled and will have garbage characters in cases where you use telnet to login to remote linux. In such cases you should use the terminal emulators like vt100, vt220. For example: bash# export TERM=vt220bash# export TERM=ansi At a lower level, use:  3 cdrom and install the linux kernel source rpm _____________________________________________________________ bash$ su - root bash# cd /mnt/cdrom/RedHat/RPMS bash# rpm -i kernel-headers*.rpm bash# rpm -i kernel-source*.rpm bash# rpm -i dev86*.rpm bash# rpm -i bin86*.rpm _____________________________________________________________  (The bin86*.rpm and 'as86' is required only for OLDER Linux  systems like redhat 5.x. Get Intel assembler 'as86' command from  dev86*.rpm on cdrom or from bin86-mandrake , bin86-kondara ). 3.  + Start X-windows with 'startx'. If you are not able to start X-window then see next step below. ________________________________________________________   bash# man startx  bin86-kondarabin86-kondarabin86-mandrake2 9. make modules_install 10. configure LILO or GRUB. See details in next section....  2.3 Building Kernel - Explanation of Steps  Details of the steps mentioned in the previous section:   Note: Below 'bash#' denotes the bash prompt, you should type the commands that appear after the 'bash#' prompt. Below are commands tested on Redhat Linux Kernel 2.4.7-10, but it should work for other distributions with very minor changes. It should also work for older kernel versions like 2.2, 2.0 and 1.3.  1. Note: You can have many kernel images on your system. By following the steps below you do not overwrite or damage your existing kernel. These steps are very safe and your current kernel will be intact and will not be touched. 2. Login in as 'root' throughout all these steps. Mount Redhat linux  1 2.1 Precautionary Preparations  Before you build kernel, it is a good idea to do a backup of the system. If you had not backed up your system recently then you can do it now. You can use commercial backup tools like BRS  Backup-Recovery-Software (also in this page you can find open-source/freeware backup tools listed under 'Backup and Restore Utility'). Backup is just a suggestion and it is not mandatory to do backup before building the Linux kernel.  2.2 For The Impatient   1. Unpack the sources  2. make clean 3. make xconfig 4. make dep 5. make 6. make bzImage 7. make modules 8. make install  BRS Backup-Recovery-Software2 9. make modules_install 10. configure LILO or GRUB.  See details in next section....  2.3 Building Kernel - Explanation of Steps  Details of the steps mentioned in the previous section:   Note: Below 'bash#' denotes the bash prompt, you should type the commands that appear after the 'bash#' prompt. Below are commands tested on Redhat Linux Kernel 2.4.7-10, but it should work for other distributions with very minor changes. It should also work for older kernel versions like 2.2, 2.0 and 1.3.  1. Note: You can have many kernel images on your system. By following  the steps below you do not overwrite or damage your existing  kernel. These steps are very safe and your current kernel will be  intact and will not be touched. 2. Login in as 'root' throughout all these steps. Mount Redhat linux  3  cdrom and install the linux kernel source rpm _____________________________________________________________ bash$ su - root bash# cd /mnt/cdrom/RedHat/RPMS bash# rpm -i kernel-headers*.rpm bash# rpm -i kernel-source*.rpm bash# rpm -i dev86*.rpm bash# rpm -i bin86*.rpm _____________________________________________________________    (The bin86*.rpm and 'as86' is required only for OLDER Linux systems like redhat 5.x. Get Intel assembler 'as86' command from dev86*.rpm on cdrom or from bin86-mandrake , bin86-kondara ). 3.  + Start X-windows with 'startx'. If you are not able to start X-window then see next step below. ________________________________________________________    bash# man startx  bin86-mandrakebin86-mandrakebin86-kondara4  bash# startxbash# cd /usr/src/linuxbash# make xconfig ________________________________________________________   + If you are not able to start X-window above then try - ________________________________________________________   bash# export TERM=xtermbash# make menuconfig If you find scrambled display, then use different terminal emulators like vt100 , vt102, vt220 or ansi. The display will be scrambled and will have garbage characters in cases where you use telnet to login to remote linux. In such cases you should use the terminal emulators like vt100, vt220. For example: bash# export TERM=vt220bash# export TERM=ansi At a lower level, use:  5export TERM=vt100make menuconfig  If the menuconfig command fails then try -bash# make config ________________________________________________________ The "make xconfig" or "make menuconfig" brings up a user friendly GUI interface. And "make config" brings up command-line console mode interface. You can load the configuration file from /usr/src/linux/.config (dot config file. Note the dot before  config). 4. Within 'make xconfig' you must do these to avoid problems - + Select proper CPU type - Pentium 3, AMD K6, Cyrix, Pentium 4, Intel 386, DEC Alpha, PowerPC otherwise kernel will not  boot!! + Select SMP support - whether single CPU or multiple CPUs + Filesystems - Select Windows95 Vfat, MSDOS, NTFS as part of kernel and not as loadable modules. (My personal preference but you are free to pick your own option).  4startx cd /usr/src/linuxbash# make xconfig ________________________________________________________  + If you are not able to start X-window above then try -________________________________________________________   bash# export TERM=xterm  bash# make menuconfig  If you find scrambled display, then use different terminal emulators like vt100 , vt102, vt220 or ansi. The display will be scrambled and will have garbage characters in cases where you use telnet to login to remote linux. In such cases you should use the terminal emulators like vt100, vt220. For example: bash# export TERM=vt220bash# export TERM=ansi At a lower level, use:  3 cdrom and install the linux kernel source rpm _____________________________________________________________ bash$ su - root bash# cd /mnt/cdrom/RedHat/RPMS bash# rpm -i kernel-headers*.rpm bash# rpm -i kernel-source*.rpm bash# rpm -i dev86*.rpm bash# rpm -i bin86*.rpm _____________________________________________________________  (The bin86*.rpm and 'as86' is required only for OLDER Linux  systems like redhat 5.x. Get Intel assembler 'as86' command from  dev86*.rpm on cdrom or from bin86-mandrake , bin86-kondara ). 3.  + Start X-windows with 'startx'. If you are not able to start X-window then see next step below. ________________________________________________________   bash# man startx  bin86-kondara4  bash# startxbash# cd /usr/src/linuxbash# make xconfig ________________________________________________________   + If you are not able to start X-window above then try - ________________________________________________________   bash# export TERM=xtermbash# make menuconfig If you find scrambled display, then use different terminal emulators like vt100 , vt102, vt220 or ansi. The display will be scrambled and will have garbage characters in cases where you use telnet to login to remote linux. In such cases you should use the terminal emulators like vt100, vt220. For example: bash# export TERM=vt220bash# export TERM=ansi At a lower level, use:  5export TERM=vt100make menuconfig  If the menuconfig command fails then try -bash# make config ________________________________________________________ The "make xconfig" or "make menuconfig" brings up a user friendly GUI interface. And "make config" brings up command-line console mode interface. You can load the configuration file from /usr/src/linux/.config (dot config file. Note the dot before  config). 4. Within 'make xconfig' you must do these to avoid problems - + Select proper CPU type - Pentium 3, AMD K6, Cyrix, Pentium 4, Intel 386, DEC Alpha, PowerPC otherwise kernel will not  boot!! + Select SMP support - whether single CPU or multiple CPUs + Filesystems - Select Windows95 Vfat, MSDOS, NTFS as part of kernel and not as loadable modules. (My personal preference but you are free to pick your own option).  6 + Enable the Loadable kernel modules support! With this option you can load/unload the device drivers dynamically on runninglinux system on the fly. See these man pages ________________________________________________________  bash# rpm -i /mnt/cdrom/Redhat/RPMS/modutils*.rpm bash# man lsmod bash# man insmod bash# man rmmod bash# man depmod bash# man modprobe  ________________________________________________________  5. Save and Exit "make xconfig". All the options which you selected is now saved into configuration file at /usr/src/linux/.config (dot config file). And now, do -_____________________________________________________________ bash# make dep bash# make clean  5bash# export TERM=vt100bash# make menuconfig  If the menuconfig command fails then try -bash# make config ________________________________________________________  The "make xconfig" or "make menuconfig" brings up a user friendly  GUI interface. And "make config" brings up command-line console  mode interface. You can load the configuration file from  /usr/src/linux/.config (dot config file. Note the dot before config). 4. Within 'make xconfig' you must do these to avoid problems - + Select proper CPU type - Pentium 3, AMD K6, Cyrix, Pentium 4, Intel 386, DEC Alpha, PowerPC otherwise kernel will not boot!! + Select SMP support - whether single CPU or multiple CPUs + Filesystems - Select Windows95 Vfat, MSDOS, NTFS as part of kernel and not as loadable modules. (My personal preference but you are free to pick your own option).  6 + Enable the Loadable kernel modules support! With this option you can load/unload the device drivers dynamically on runninglinux system on the fly. See these man pages ________________________________________________________  bash# rpm -i /mnt/cdrom/Redhat/RPMS/modutils*.rpm bash# man lsmod bash# man insmod bash# man rmmod bash# man depmod bash# man modprobe  ________________________________________________________  5. Save and Exit "make xconfig". All the options which you selected is now saved into configuration file at /usr/src/linux/.config (dot config file). And now, do -_____________________________________________________________ bash# make dep bash# make clean  7_____________________________________________________________  6. Read the following file (to gain some knowledge about kernel building. Tip: Use the color editor gvim for better readability._____________________________________________________________   gvim -R /usr/src/linux/arch/i386/config.inless less /usr/src/linux/arch/i386/config.in Type 'h' for help and to navigate press i, j, k, l, h or arrow, page up/down ke ys. _____ 7. Now, give the make command -  _____________________________________________________________  bash# cd /usr/src/linuxbash# man nohup  bash# nohup make bzImage &  bash# man tail  gvim6 + Enable the Loadable kernel modules support! With this optionyou can load/unload the device drivers dynamically on running linux system on the fly. See these man pages ________________________________________________________   bash# rpm -i /mnt/cdrom/Redhat/RPMS/modutils*.rpm man lsmod insmod man rmmod bash# man depmod bash# man modprobe  5. Save and Exit "make xconfig". All the options which you selected is now saved into configuration file at /usr/src/linux/.config (dot config file). And now, do - _____________________________________________________________ bash# make dep bash# make clean  7_____________________________________________________________  6. Read the following file (to gain some knowledge about kernel building. Tip: Use the color editor gvim for better readability._____________________________________________________________   gvim -R /usr/src/linux/arch/i386/config.inless less /usr/src/linux/arch/i386/config.in Type 'h' for help and to navigate press i, j, k, l, h or arrow, page up/down ke ys. _____ 7. Now, give the make command -  _____________________________________________________________  bash# cd /usr/src/linuxbash# man nohup  bash# nohup make bzImage &  bash# man tail  gvim6 + Enable the Loadable kernel modules support! With this optionyou can load/unload the device drivers dynamically on running linux system on the fly. See these man pages ________________________________________________________   bash# rpm -i /mnt/cdrom/Redhat/RPMS/modutils*.rpm man lsmod insmod man rmmod bash# man depmod bash# man modprobe  5. Save and Exit "make xconfig". All the options which you selected is now saved into configuration file at /usr/src/linux/.config (dot config file). And now, do - _____________________________________________________________ bash# make dep bash# make clean  7_____________________________________________________________  6. Read the following file (to gain some knowledge about kernel building. Tip: Use the color editor gvim for better readability._____________________________________________________________   gvim -R /usr/src/linux/arch/i386/config.inless less /usr/src/linux/arch/i386/config.in Type 'h' for help and to navigate press i, j, k, l, h or arrow, page up/down ke ys. _____ 7. Now, give the make command -  _____________________________________________________________  bash# cd /usr/src/linuxbash# man nohup  bash# nohup make bzImage &  bash# man tail  gvim Getting http://www.linuxdoc.org/HOWTO/Vim-HOWTO.html Looking up www.linuxdoc.org   [26@Making HTTP connection to rg Sending HTTP request. HTTP request sent; w[19@aiting for response /1.1 302 Found Data transfer complete HTTP/1.1 302 Found Using http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/Vim-HOWTO.html Ge[2@tt Looking up www.tldp.org  [26@Making HTTP connection to  Sending HTTP request. HTTP request sent; w[19@aiting for response /1.1 200 OKVim Color Editor HOW-TO (Vi Improved with syntax color highlig (p1 of 3)  #next  Next Previous Contents ____  Vim Color Editor HOW-TO (Vi Improved with syntax color highlighting)  Al Dev (Alavoor Vasudevan) alavoor[AT]yahoo.com  v18.5, 02 Nov 2002 ____ This document is a guide to quickly setting up the Vim color editor on Linux or Unix systems. The information here will improve the productivity of programmers because the Vim editor supports syntax color highlighting and bold fonts, improving the "readability" of program code. A programmer's productivity improves 2 to 3 times with a color editor like Vim. The information in this document applies to all operating sytems where Vim works, such as Linux, Windows 95/NT, Apple Data transfer complete7   -- press space for next page --next2 Mac, IBM OSes, VMS, BeOS and all flavors of Unix like Solaris, HPUX, AIX, SCO, Sinix, BSD, Ultrix etc.. (it means almost all operating systems on this planet!)  _________________________________________________________________  1. Introduction  * 1.1 Before you Install  * 1.2 Install Vim on Redhat Linux * 1.3 Install Vim on Debian GNU/Linux  * 1.4 Install Vim on Unixes * 1.5 Install Vim on Microsoft Windows 95/NT * 1.6 Install Vim on VMS  * 1.7 Install Vim on OS/2  * 1.8 Install Vim on Apple Macintosh   2. Install Vim on Microsoft Windows 95/NT    * 2.1 Install bash shell  * 2.2 Edit bash_profile  Introduction3 * 2.3 Setup Window colors   3. Setup gvim init files  * 3.1 Sample gvimrc file  * 3.2 Xdefaults parameters 4. Color Syntax init files  4.1 Auto source-in method 4.2 Manual method   5. VIM Usage  6. Remote Vi - MS Windows QVWM Manager 7. Vi companions 7.1 Directory Tree 'tags' 7.2 Ctags for ESQL  2.3 Setup Window colors4 7.3 Ctags for JavaScript programs, Korn, Bourne shells * 7.4 Debugger gdb   8. Online VIM help  9. Vim Home page and Vim links  * 9.1 Vi Resources a[6@nd Tip 10. Vim Tutorial   * 10.1 Vim Hands-on Tutorial  * 10.2 Vi Tutorials on Internet 11. Vi Tutorial   * 11.1 Cur[20@sor Movement Command * 11.2 Repeat Counts 11.3 Deleting Text  11.4 Changing Text  7.3 Ctags for JavaScript programs, Korn, Bourne shells5 11.5 Yanking (Copying) Text  11.6 Filtering text * 11.7 Marking Lines and Characters  * 11.8 Naming Buffers * 11.9 Substitutions  * 11.10 Miscellaneous "Colon Commands" * 11.11 Setting Options 11.12 Key Mappings * 11.13 Editing Multiple Files  * 11.14 Final Remarks 12. Vim Reference Card   * 12.1 Vi states  * 12.2 Shell Commands * 12.3 Setting Options2.4 Notations used2.5 Interrupting, cancelling2.6 File Manipulation2.7 Movement  11.5 Yanking (Copying) Text6 12.8 Line Positioning2.9 Character positioning2.10 Words, sentences, paragraphs2.11 Marking and returning2.12 Corrections during insert2.13 Adjusting the screen2.14 Delete2.15 Insert, change2.16 Copy and Paste2.17 Operators (use double to affect lines) * 12.18 Search and replace  * 12.19 General * 12.20 Line Editor Commands21 Other c[6@ommand   13. Build Your "WYSIWYG" HTML Editor With Vi & Netscape 3.1 Sample .vimhtmlrc File 3.2 WYSIWYG3.3 Other 'WYSIWYG' uses  12.8 Line Positioning Getting http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/Kernel-HOWTO-2.html#ss2.1 The Linux Kernel HOWTO: Quick Steps - Kernel Compile (p7 of 25)  _____________________________________________________________   6. Read the following file (to gain some knowledge about kernel  building. Tip: Use the color editor gvim for better readability.  _____________________________________________________________   bash# gvim -R /usr/src/linux/arch/i386/config.in bash# man less bash# less /usr/src/linux/arch/i386/config.in Type 'h' for help and to navigate press i, j, k, l, h or arrow, page up/down ke ys.  _____________________________________________________________   7. Now, give the make command -_____________________________________________________________   bash# cd /usr/src/linux  bash# man nohup  bash# nohup make bzImage &  bash# man tail   -- press space for next page --gvim8bash# tail -f nohup.out (.... to monitor the progress) This will put the kernel in /usr/src/linux/arch/i386/boot/bzImage _____________________________________________________________  8. After bzImage is successful, copy the kernel image to /boot directory. You must copy the new kernel image to /boot directory,  otherwise the new kernel MAY NOT boot. Two options for boot  loading under Redhat linux - (1) Lilo and (2) GRUB. And then read  the manual page on lilo (see also  http://www.linuxdoc.org/HOWTO/LILO-crash-rescue-HOWTO.html) and  see the sample lilo.conf file. Always give a date extension to the filename, because it tells you when you built the kernel, as shown below:  _____________________________________________________________ bash# cp /usr/src/linux/arch/i386/boot/bzImage /boot/bzImage.myker.26mar200 1 bash# man lilo bash# man lilo.conf And edit /etc/lilo.conf file and put these lines -  http://www.linuxdoc.org/HOWTO/LILO-crash-rescue-HOWTO.html9image=/boot/bzImage.myker.26mar2001  label=mykerroot=/dev/hda1read-only You can check device name for 'root=' with the command -  bash# df /  _____________________________________________________________  9. Now give  _____________________________________________________________  bash# lilo bash# lilo -q You must re-run lilo even if the entry 'myker' exists, everytime  you create a new bzImage. 10. Reboot the machine and at lilo press tab key and type 'myker' If  it boots then you did a good job! Otherwise at lilo select your  old kernel, boot and re-try all over again. Your old kernel is  The Linux Kernel HOWTO: Quick Steps - Kernel Compile (p10 still INTACT and SAFE at say /boot/vmlinuz-2.0.34-0.6 11. If your new kernel 'myker' boots and works properly, you can create the boot disk. Insert a blank floppy into floppy drive and -  _____________________________________________________________ bash# cd /usr/src/linux bash# make bzdisk  See also mkbootdisk - bash# rpm -i mkbootdisk*.rpm man mkbootdisk _____________________________________________________________ 12. LOADABLE MODULES: This step is required ONLY if you had enabled Loadable module support in step 3 above. Loadable module ar located in /lib/modules. You MUST do this step if you enabled or disabled any modules, otherwise you will get 'unresolved symbols' errors during or after kernel boot. Check for insmod command which is extensively used for loading the modules.  1modules bash# make modules_install_____________________________________________________________ This will copy the modules to /lib/modules directory. For example to load the module  /lib/modules/2.4.2-2/kernel/drivers/block/loop.o, you would do : _____________________________________________________________   bash# man insmod bash# modprobe loop bash# insmod loop bash# lsmod  _____________________________________________________________  You can set PATH the insmod searches in /etc/modules.conf   2 2.4 Troublshoot Common Mistakes The System Hangs at LILO  Sympton: After you build the kernel and reboot, the system hangs just before LILO. Reason: Probably you did not set the BIOS to pick up the proper Primary Master IDE and Secondary Slave IDE hard disk partition.  Solution: Power on the machine and press DEL key to do setup of the BIOS (Basic Input Output system). Select the IDE settings and set proper primary hard disk partition and slave drives. When the system boots it looks for the primary IDE hard disk and the Master Boot Record partition. It reads the MBR and starts loading the Linux Kernel from the hard disk partition. No init found  The following mistake is commited very frequently by new users.  3  If your new kernel does not boot and you get - _________________________________________________________________ Warning: unable to open an initial console Kernel panic: no init found. Try passing init= option to kernel _________________________________________________________________  The problem is that you did not set the "root=" parameter properly in the /etc/lilo.conf. In my case, I used root=/dev/hda1 which is having the root partition "/". You must properly point the root device in your lilo.conf, it can be like /dev/hdb2 or /dev/hda7.  The kernel looks for the init command which is located in /sbin/init. And /sbin directory lives on the root partition. For details see -  _________________________________________________________________ bash# man init _________________________________________________________________   4 The 'depmod' gives "Unresolved symbol error messages"  When you run depmod it gives "Unresolved symbols". A sample error message is given here to demonstrate the case:  _________________________________________________________________  bash$ su - root bash# man depmod bash# depmod depmod: *** Unresolved symbols in /lib/modules/version/kernel/drivers/md/linear .o depmod: *** Unresolved symbols in /lib/modules/version/kernel/drivers/md/multip ath.o depmod: *** Unresolved symbols in /lib/modules/version/kernel/drivers/md/raid0. o depmod: *** Unresolved symbols in /lib/modules/version/kernel/drivers/md/raid1. o depmod: *** Unresolved symbols in /lib/modules/version/kernel/drivers/md/raid5. o _________________________________________________________________  M5  Reason: You did not make modules and install the modules after building the new kernel with "make bzImage".  Solution: After you build the new kernel, you must do:cd /usr/src/linux make modules bash# make modules_install  _________________________________________________________________ Kernel Does Not Load Module - "Unresolved symbols" Error Messages  When you boot kernel and system tries to load any modules and you get "Unresolved symbol : __some_function_name" then it means that you did not clean compile the modules and kernel. It is mandatory that you should do make clean and make the modules. Do this -  6  bash# cd /usr/src/linux  bash# make depbash# make clean  bash# nohup make bzImage &  bash# tail -f nohup.out (.... to monitor the progress)bash# make modules  bash# make modules_install  _________________________________________________________________  Kernel fails to load a module  If the kernel fails to load a module (say loadable module for network card or other devices), then you may want to try to build the driver for device right into the kernel. Sometimes loadable module will NOT work and the driver needs to be built right inside the kernel. For example - some network cards do not support loadable module feature - you MUST build the driver of the network card right into linux kernel. Hence, in 'make xconfig' you MUST not select loadable module for this device.  7 Loadable modules You can install default loadable modules with - The step given below may not be required but is needed ONLY FOR EMERGENCIES where your /lib/modules files are damaged. If you already have the /lib/modules directory and in case you want replace them use the --force to replace the package and select appropriate cpu architecture.  For new versions of linux redhat linux 6.0 and later, the kernel modules are included with kernel-2.2*.rpm. Install the loadable modules and the kernel with  _________________________________________________________________   This will list the already installed package. bash# rpm -qa | grep -i kernel  bash# rpm -U --force /mnt/cdrom/Redhat/RPMS/kernel-2.2.14-5.0.i686.rpm  6  bash# cd /usr/src/linuxbash# make dep  bash# make cleanbash# nohup make bzImage &  bash# tail -f nohup.out (.... to monitor the progress)  bash# make modules  bash# make modules_install  _________________________________________________________________  Kernel fails to load a module  If the kernel fails to load a module (say loadable module for network card or other devices), then you may want to try to build the driver for device right into the kernel. Sometimes loadable module will NOT work and the driver needs to be built right inside the kernel. For example - some network cards do not support loadable module feature - you MUST build the driver of the network card right into linux kernel. Hence, in 'make xconfig' you MUST not select loadable module for this device.  7 Loadable modules You can install default loadable modules with - The step given below may not be required but is needed ONLY FOR EMERGENCIES where your /lib/modules files are damaged. If you already have the /lib/modules directory and in case you want replace them use the --force to replace the package and select appropriate cpu architecture.  For new versions of linux redhat linux 6.0 and later, the kernel modules are included with kernel-2.2*.rpm. Install the loadable modules and the kernel with  _________________________________________________________________   This will list the already installed package. bash# rpm -qa | grep -i kernel  bash# rpm -U --force /mnt/cdrom/Redhat/RPMS/kernel-2.2.14-5.0.i686.rpm  8 (or) bash# rpm -U --force /mnt/cdrom/Redhat/RPMS/kernel-2.2.14-5.0.i586.rpm (or) bash# rpm -U --force /mnt/cdrom/Redhat/RPMS/kernel-2.2.14-5.0.i386.rpm _________________________________________________________________  This is only for old versions of redhat linux 5.2 and before. Boot new kernel and install the loadable modules from RedHat Linux "contrib" cdrom  _________________________________________________________________ bash# rpm -i /mnt/cdrom/contrib/kernel-modules*.rpm ....(For old linux systems which do not have insmod pre-installed)  _________________________________________________________________  2.5 Post Kernel Building  After successfully building and booting the Linux kernel, you may be required to do these additional steps to make some of the devices to work with Linux. (The steps below were tested on Redhat Linux but  9 should work with other distributions as well.)  Video card/Monitor configuration:  * Please see the video card manual which is usually shipped with the  PC. You should look for a "Technical Specifications" page. * Please see the monitor's manual and look for a "Technical Specifications" page.   You can configure the Video card and monitor by using these commands:$ su - root bash# man Xconfigurator bash# /usr/bin/X11/Xconfigurator --help bash# /usr/bin/X11/Xconfigurator bash# /usr/bin/X11/Xconfigurator --expert See also: bash# man xf86config bash# /usr/bin/X11/xf86config  8 (or) bash# rpm -U --force /mnt/cdrom/Redhat/RPMS/kernel-2.2.14-5.0.i586.rpm (or) bash# rpm -U --force /mnt/cdrom/Redhat/RPMS/kernel-2.2.14-5.0.i386.rpm _________________________________________________________________  This is only for old versions of redhat linux 5.2 and before. Boot new kernel and install the loadable modules from RedHat Linux "contrib" cdrom # rpm -i /mnt/cdrom/contrib/kernel-modules*.rpm ....(For old linux systems which do not have insmod pre-installed)  _________________________________________________________________  2.5 Post Kernel Building After successfully building and booting the Linux kernel, you may be required to do these additional steps to make some of the devices to work with Linux. (The steps below were tested on Redhat Linux but  9 should work with other distributions as well.)  Video card/Monitor configuration:  * Please see the video card manual which is usually shipped with the  PC. You should look for a "Technical Specifications" page. * Please see the monitor's manual and look for a "Technical Specifications" page.   You can configure the Video card and monitor by using these commands:$ su - root bash# man Xconfigurator bash# /usr/bin/X11/Xconfigurator --help bash# /usr/bin/X11/Xconfigurator bash# /usr/bin/X11/Xconfigurator --expert See also: bash# man xf86config bash# /usr/bin/X11/xf86config  20 _________________________________________________________________ If your card is not detected automatically, then you can use the --expert option and select the "Unlisted card". If your monitor is not listed then select the generic monitor type SVGA 1024x768.  Sound card configuration: * Connect your external speakers to the sound card's audio port. * Connect your CDROM audio wire to sound card's audio 4-pin socket. (Otherwise your cdrom drive will not play the music from your music cd) * Refer to HOWTO docs on 'Sound' at http://www.linuxdoc.orgsndconfig bash# /usr/sbin/sndconfig  _________________________________________________________________  Then start X-window 'KDE desktop' with 'startx' command. Click on 'K  http://www.linuxdoc.org1 Start->ControlCenter->SoundServer->General->Test Sound'. This should play the test sound. Then click on 'K Start->MultiMedia->SoundMixer->SoundVolumeSlider' and adjust the sound volume.  Network card configuration:  * Use /sbin/linuxconf Or use KDE control panel Refer to HOWTO docs on 'Networking' at http://www.linuxdoc.org  Configure Firewall and IP Masquerading : For Linux kernel version 2.4 and above, the firewall and IP Masquerading is implemented by NetFilter package. Hence in kernel config you should enable Netfilter and run the Firewall/IPMasq script. Download the scripts from Firewall-IPMasq scripts , main page of Netfilter is at http://netfilter.samba.org. Related materials at firewalling-matures  and Netfilter-FAQ.  For kernel version below 2.4 you should install the firewall rpms from rpmfind.net or firewall.src.rpm.  http://www.linuxdoc.orghttp://www.linuxdoc.orgFirewall-IPMasq scriptsFirewall-IPMasq scriptshttp://netfilter.samba.orghttp://netfilter.samba.orgfirewalling-maturesfirewalling-maturesNetfilter-FAQNetfilter-FAQrpmfind.netrpmfind.netfirewall.src.rpm2  Configuration of other devices: Refer to HOWTO docs relating to your devices at http://www.linuxdoc.org  2.6 Sample lilo.conf  Given below is a sample /etc/lilo.conf file. You should follow the naming conventions like ker2217 (for kernel 2.2.17), ker2214 (for kernel 2.2.14). You can have many kernel images on the same /boot system. On my machine I have something like: _________________________________________________________________  boot=/dev/hda map=/boot/map install=/boot/boot.b prompt timeout=50 default=firewall  image=/boot/vmlinuz-2.2.14-5.0  http://www.linuxdoc.org3label=ker2214  read-only  root=/dev/hda9 image=/boot/vmlinuz-2.2.17-14label=ker2217  read-only  root=/dev/hda9  #image=/usr/src/linux/arch/i386/boot/bzImage # label=myker # root=/dev/hda7 # read-only  mage=/boot/bzImage.myker.11feb2001  label=myker11feb  root=/dev/hda9  read-only bzImage.myker.01jan2001  5myker01janoot=/dev/hda9ead-only bzImage.myker-firewall.16mar2001firewalloot=/dev/hda9ead-only _________________________________________________________________  _________________________________________________________________  Next Previous Contents       Commands: Use arrow keys to move, '?' for help, 'q' to quit, '<-' to go back.Next Are you sure you want to quit? (y)  [?1047l[?1048l [?1l>]0;barrie@magnolia:/home/barrie/tmp/kernel [root@magnolia kernel]# [root@magnolia kernel]# exit ]0;barrie@magnolia:/etc [barrie@magnolia etc]$ [barrie@magnolia etc]$ Script done on Sat Nov 9 22:02:32 2002