The memory store that holds a large amount of perceptual input for a very brief time is _____ memory.
A. sensory CORRECT ANSWER
B. short-term
C. long-term
D. episodic
Thomas has forgotten his grocery list, but is sure that he can remember
the items. When he gets to the store, he finds that he can
remember the first few items that were on the list, but not the others.
This is due to the _____ effect.
A. recency
B. short-term memory
C. primacy CORRECT ANSWER
D. delayed recall
Tricks for improving memory typically require:
A. elaborative rehearsal CORRECT ANSWER
B. maintenance rehearsal
C. implicit memory
D. all of the above.
The small unit of meaning in language is called a _morpheme__.
A prototype is a representation of _____ of a category.
A. the most typical member CORRECT ANSWER
B. an idealized member
C. an abstract phoneme
D. all of the above
A methodical set of steps that, if followed, will always produce the right answer is a(n)
A. algorithm. CORRECT ANSWER
B. heuristic.
C. procedure.
D. mental simulation.
At the end of the summer, you decide to bring some furniture from home back to school to use in your new apartment. Before lugging it all the way back, you want to be sure that everything will fit together, so you spend a while visualizing the rooms of your new apartment with various arrangements of furniture in them. If it won't fit in your mental apartment, you figure that it won't fit in your physical one. You are using the problem-solving technique of
A. algorithm.
B. heuristic.
C. procedure.
D. mental simulation. CORRECT ANSWER
Thurstone believed that intelligence consists of
A. a single underlying factor.
B. a single factor and a set of specific abilities.
C. a set of primary mental abilities. CORRECT ANSWER
D. a single underlying factor and a set of primary mental abilities.
A stimulus that automatically elicits a response, without prior learning, is a(n)
A. conditioned stimulus.
B. unconditioned stimulus.CORRECT ANSWER
C. conditioned response.
D. unconditioned response.
Mario always eats in the school cafeteria. Every time he passes the cafeteria, he feels hungry. The food that Mario has eaten in the cafeteria is the _____, and the cafeteria is the _____.
A. conditioned stimulus; conditioned response
B. unconditioned stimulus; unconditioned response
C. conditioned stimulus; unconditioned stimulus
D. unconditioned stimulus; conditioned stimulus CORRECT ANSWER
Diocella is teaching her dog to sit. She starts by giving him a doggie treat every time he sits, then moves to giving him a treat only some of the times that he sits. Initially, Diocella was using _____ reinforcement; later she was using _____ reinforcement.
A. continuous; partial CORRECT ANSWER
B. partial; continuous
C. primary; secondary
D. secondary; primary
Reinforcement is a consequence that _____ the likelihood of a behavior.
A. increases CORRECT ANSWER
B. alters
C. decreases
D. all of the above
Mentally gifted people have an IQ score of at least ___130_________.
Briefly explain why the conditioned stimulus (CS) must precede the unconditioned stimulus (UCS) for classical conditioning to occur. Sketch out an example if you desire.
THE CS ACTS AS A "SIGNAL" FOR THE UCS TO OCCUR; THAT IS, THE CS IS NEUTRAL IN RESPECT TO THE UCS -- IT DOESN'T ELICIT THE NATURAL RESPONSE THAT THE UCS ELICITS. SO, IN THE PAVLOV'S DOG EXAMPLE, IF YOU WERE TO PRESENT THE FOOD FIRST, AND THEN THE BELL, CLASSICAL CONDITIONING WOULD NOT OCCUR IN THAT THE BELL WOULD NOT ELICIT SALIVATION; THAT IS, THE BELL DOES NOT ELICIT SALIVATION ON ITS OWN, SO PRESENTING IT AFTER THE FOOD (OR EVEN AT THE SAME TIME) CANNOT PRODUCE LEARNING OF THE BELL AS A SIGNAL FOR THE FOOD TO COME.
Research suggests that basic emotions are
A. learned.
B. innate. CORRECT ANSWER
C. culturally determined.
D. influenced by race.
The principle difference between the Cannon-Bard and the James-Lange theories of emotion is that in the James-Lange theory
A. the emotional state occurs simultaneously with the bodily state.
B. the bodily state precedes the emotional state. CORRECT ANSWER
C. the emotional and bodily states both depend on cognitive appraisal.
D. some emotions are independent of bodily states.
Piaget's stages of cognitive development are
A. successive.
B. qualitatively different.
C. partially independent.
D. all of the above. CORRECT ANSWER
Preoperational children have _____ but not _____.
A. conservation; object permanence
B. object permanence; conservation CORRECT ANSWER
C. conservation; egocentrism
D. egocentrism; object permanence
Briefly list and describe the three kinds of infant attachment styles (Ainsworth et al., 1978)
Briefly explain the negativity effect in impression formation.