20th-Century Scientific Breakthroughs
(Natural Science)

Brainstorming Results


 
Biology & Medicine
  • transplants / by-pass surgery
  • vaccines (like the measles vaccine)
  • cancer treatment (why chems & radiation have different effects)
  • growth of cancer cells
  • growing organs
  • organ transplants
  • olestra
  • discovery of blstocyst cells and how they can be manipulated to grow new organs
  • bone marrow transplants
  • discovery that viruses are not living
  • botulism vaccine (for animals)
  • new understanding of how rods & cones function in eyes
  • discovery of the ribosome
  • human growth hormone
  • discovery of germs
  • HIV strand discovered
  • knee surgeries
  • hip replacement
  • ending paralysis
  • iris as form of identification
  • snoring treatments
  • sleep disorder treatments
  • cholesterol control
  • ulcers
  • decreasing heart disease
  • asthma
  • lung cancer
  • TB tests / prevention
  • blood screenings
  • Rocky Mtn. Spotted Fever diagnosis
  • shingles
  • multiple sclerosis (? spelling)
  • ribosome discover (?)
  • using animal proteins to help humans
  • studying lymphocytes to help fight AIDs
Children's Health
  • treating fetal distress
  • rising premie-survival (how do they do it?)
  • children's cancer treatments
  • treating stunted growth (that new discovery on how to stretch bones. . . was on 20/20 about a month ago)
  • separation of Siamese twins
  • reducing genital defects at birth
Women's medicine
  • breast implants
  • pregnancy texts
  • morning after pill
  • hysterectomies
  • ovarian cancer treatment
  • epidurals
  • c-sections
  • pap smears
  • safer abortion procedures
  • amniocentesis
  • hormone therapies
  • birth control (choose one new or improved type)
  • breast cancer treatments 
  • in-vetro fertilization (bad side = multiple births)
  • link between caffeine and women's cancer
  • osteoporosis
  • sex change operations
Men's health
  • vasectomies
  • prostate treatments
  • sex change operations
  • viagra
Bio-technology

Careful w/ these topics. 
Make sure you focus on the
scientific principles behind 
them rather than
on the technology itself. 
(You may have to combine
biology with chemistry or physics.)

  • nuclear medicine
  • hearing aids
  • x-rays (Is that 20th century?)
  • ultra sound
  • liposuction
  • heart transplants
  • heart by-passes
  • laser surgery
  • prosthetic limbs
  • skin grafting / plastic surgery
  • defibrillator
  • speech recognition
  • cochlea implants (for hearing impaired)
  • pace makers
  • radioteratonomy (radio keratonomy (?  spelling)- for restoring eyesight
  • cat scans & mri 
  • heart cathers
  • lasik surgery (vision)
  • hair replacement surgery / hair grafting
  • re-attaching limbs
  • braces, retainers (dentistry)
  • magnet implants for epileptic patients
  • root canals
  • cataract removal
  • pacemakers
  • reconstructive surgery
  • artificial joints
  • "glue" to replace stitches for wounds
Genetics
  • cloning
  • genetic markers to test for disease carriers like cystic fibroses
  • double helix
  • DNA selection
  • human genome
  • DNA fingerprinting
  • gene splicing
  • DNA forensics
  • germline gene therapy
  • genetic predisposition to certain diseases (huntington's, cancer)
  • gene therapy
  • genetic link to heartburn
  • embryo transfers in animals (especially horses)
Physics
  • theory of relativity
  • law of conservation of energy
  • nuclear propulsion
  • stealth bomber (the physics that make it work)
  • harnessing nuclear energy
  • liquid propulsion
  • nuclear fission
  • nuclear power
  • fusion
  • supersonic flight
  • hypersonic flight
  • cryogenic freezing (does it go here?)
  • solar energy
  • solar panels
  • microwaves (but need to study the scientific principle behind it)
  • infrared light
  • battery powered cars (but need to study the scientific principle behind it)
  • radar
  • tv waves
  • hydro-electricity
  • fiber optics
  • broke the sound barrier
  • underwater ultrasound
  • the mechanics of motion / aerodynamics (what actually makes planes and cars go?)
Ecology
  • underwater labs
  • biospheres
  • biodome
  • discovery of depleted ozone
  • plate tectonics (does this go here?)
  • species preservation
  • breeding projects
  • cfcs destroying ozone
Neuroscience
  • lobotomy
  • genetic links to schizophrenia, depression etc.
  • chemical imbalances
  • specific types of neuro-surgeries
  • impact of illegal drugs on brain function
Agricultural Science
  • "brocco-flower" & other genetically combined foods
  • pesticides
  • plant genetics: manipulating plant genes so they will grow larger
  • using host plants (like fungi) to domesticate wildflowers
  • potovolataic cells (using plant chlorphyllfor energy)
  • plant hormones (ethephon)
  • transgenic crops
Chemistry
  • atom  & hydrogen bombs
  • plastics
  • splitting an electron's charge
  • new elements
  • discovery of neurons
  • carbon dating
  • nuclear power
  • hydrogen fuel cells
  • nutrasweet , equal,  saccharine
  • high fructose corn syrup
  • food preservatives / artificial preservatives
  • pesticides
  • Mosley's discovery that elements should be ordered by charge, not mass
  • skim milk (lower fat products)
  • biological / chemical warfare
  • anti-aging products
  • retin A
  • fast drying chemicals (chemical properties), like nail polish
  • discovery of new elements line plutonium and erbium
  • chlorflourocarbons (does this go here?)
  • kevlar
  • nylon
  • gore-tex
  • milk pasteurization process
  • recycling process
  • hand sanitizer
  • crazy glue
  • halogen lamps
  • neon (for neon signs)
  • water purification
  • battery (power sources) (what makes the bunny keep going and going?)
  • sunless tanning lotions
  • ethylene gas
  • artificial coloring, flavoring in foods
  • chemical peels (aesthetic)
  • fabric that doesn't hold odor
  • subatomic particles
Pharmacology / chemistry
  • AZTO / HIV vaccines
  • ADD treatments; ritilin
  • shots for pets (rabies etc.)
  • Novocain
  • acne treatment
  • nitro-glycerine as treatment for heart conditions
  • insulin
  • alzheimer's vaccine (in rats)
  • Vicotin
  • fen-phen
  • steroids
  • tumor suppressers
  • new flu shots
  • createne (? can't read the student's handwriting)
  • viagra; fertility drugs
  • MMr Vaccine
  • prozac
  • nicotrol
  • smoker's gum
  • antibiotics
  • weight loss pills
  • penicillin
  • polio vaccine
  • kolonopin
  • claratin
  • sleeping pills
  • inhalers (for asthma)
  • acyclouin (herpes treatment)
  • anesthesia
  • propecia
  • rogaine
  • using snake venom to combat snake bites
  • ritalin
  • nicotine patches
  • meningitis treatment
  • hepatitis A / B vaccines
  • Rocky Mtn. Spotted Fever treatment
  • Lymes disease vaccine
  • altzeheimer's treatment cocktail
  • tacrine hydrochloride (FDA approved alzh. drug)
  • anti-histamines (allergies)
  • Zban (smoking)
Geology
  • seismology- prediction of earthquakes
  • mapping the bottom of the ocean (?)
  • platetectonics (study of the plates in earth's crust)
Astronomy
  • space exploration
  • Pluto / planet discoveries
  • Hubbell space telescope (make sure you study the scientific principle behind it, not the technology itself)
  • satellites
  • life on mars
  • comet / meteor studies
  • shuttles (how they w/stand outer space -- physics)
  • 1914 Herta Sprung & Russel discover relationship between star spectral type and star absolute magnitude
  • 1920 1st direct measurement of star diameter using interpherometer
  • 1940 1st theory of stellar evolution
  • chemical structure of planets
Aeronautics
  • airplanes (what makes them go?)
Meteorology
  • lightening patterns to predict tornadoes
  • climate control
  • weather technologies
  • ozone discoveries
  • hurricane tracking (if you talk about the technologies, you must discuss the scientific principles behind them)
  • Doppler radar (physics it's based on)