|
(Nature) |
(Nurture) |
|
| Age 0 - 1 year:
Crying and cooing |
- FAP (deaf children also behave
in the same ways)
- happens in the absence of reinforcement |
-Reinforced through parental response
-In the absence of reinforcement, later language development is affected |
| About 1 year:
-Naming -One-word utterance/ "holophrastic" speech |
-LAD- innate cognitive categories
precede language use
-"Mapping" |
-Reinforcement for stimulus to
stimulus associations
-Generalized imitation; social in nature (Social Learning Theory) |
| Age 1 - 3 years:
-"Telegraphic" speech -2-word strings where the grammatical conventions of native language are observed |
-Happens in every language and
every culture- "Universal Grammar"
-Parents donít reinforce for grammar or language use after age 3; they reinforce semantic meaning |
-Not concerned where language
comes from but how it gets manipulated
-Reinforcement through the ability to communicate and understand |
| Other evidence: | -Environment triggers/ shapes
language use
-Language grows (acorn to oaks example) |
-Takes into account emotional
or psychological meaning of words and that word meaning is based on experience
-Universal Grammar doesnít tell us what will be verbalized when or what that will mean - this is whatís important for learning theorists |