SOCIOLOGY 31

Social Relations in the Workplace

Fall, 1998

 

Class Hours: Tuesday and Thursday, 9:30-10:45

Classroom: Peabody 204

 

Prof. Howard Aldrich

Room 202 Hamilton Hall

Howard_aldrich@unc.edu

Home page: www.unc.edu/~healdric/

 

Teaching Assistant: Linda Renzulli

Room 252 Hamilton

Renzulli@email.unc.edu

 

 

Office Hours: 1:30-2:40 Monday and Wednesday and by appointment

Office Hours: 3:30 – 4:30 Wednesday and by appointment

Office phone 962-5044

 

Home phone between 10 am and 10 pm: 968-7653

Social Relations in the Workplace

This course has four objectives: (1) to provide you with information about work and its social-organizational context; (2) to suggest explanations for the degree of meaning, satisfaction, and autonomy people find in their work; to (3) prepare you for the managerial and executive jobs that you will have in your working careers; and (4) to consider the public policy implications of this information. Material will be presented in readings, lectures, classroom exercises, and films. A great deal of material covered in lectures is not in the readings, and so consistent class attendance is very important.

Things to Do Immediately: Photo and Resumè

1. For our next class meeting, please bring in a small photo of yourself, using the form attached at the end of the syllabus.

2. Using your word-processor, prepare a resume to turn in on August 20th. If you would like to be a Human Resources Team Director, please tell me so in a cover letter attached to your résumé. Follow the format of the sample attached at the end of this syllabus.

3. I will use your résumés to pick the HR Team Directors for the teams that will work on group projects throughout the term. The Team Directors will use the résumés to bid for members of their teams. Each Team Director get s a budget of $100,000 which he/she can use to bid for members. The Team Director submits the bids to me, the VP for HR in this organization, and I will match the bids with members. No one will see the bids but me.

 

Rules of the Road

  1. We start and end class on time
  2. Turn off cell phones, pagers, and beepers
  3. No baseball caps worn during class
  4. Check your email account daily
  5. Check the course Web page daily

Contacts

You can reach me by email at Howard_Aldrich@unc.edu. For simple questions, that is the fastest and quickest way to reach me. For more difficult questions, please come see me during office hours.

You can read more about my research interests on my Home Page, and also read a copy of the course syllabus and assignments:

http://www.unc.edu/~healdric/Home2.html

 

Things you need to know how to do to succeed in this class:

First, learn how to use Davis library’s resources, including the on-line databases such as CARL and IAC Infotrac. Second, learn how to use reference databases in the library, such as Lexus/Nexus. Third, learn how to use the Web and especially lea rn how to use one of the Web search engines, such as Excite, Yahoo, or Altavista. If you don’t have an email address, you should get one immediately. All you have to do is go to a computer lab and sign on.

Assignments that are NOT listed in this syllabus will be posted on the Course Web Page. You should get into the habit of checking the Web Page every day.

Office Hours

I have office hours on Monday and Wednesday, from 1:30 to 2:40. If you can't make these hours, please let me know and we'll arrange another time. To make the best use of our time, you should come prepared with some fairly specific questions. E.g., you might have a question about a reading you don't understand, a concept we've covered in class, or something you've heard on the ABC Nightly News. I can't be of much help if you tell me "I don't understand what's going on"! Be specific about ho w I can help you. You don't have to have a problem to come to office hours -- you may just want to chat about something, and that's OK, too.

If you have a fairly simple question, you may want to see me before or after class. I try to be in the classroom at least 10 minutes before class starts, and so you can talk to me then. You can also walk back to my office with me, after class.

Texts

Randy Hodson and Teresa Sullivan, The Social of Organization of Work, 2nd Edition. Wadsworth Publishing Company, 1995.

Barbara Garson, The Electronic Sweatshop

Coursepak from Copytron (abbreviated as CP in this syllabus)

Several of the readings are not in the CP. They are available at the Reserve Desk of the Undergraduate Library.

Readings

At least two copies of all readings are on reserve in the undergraduate library. A Coursepak from 1996 contains most of the readings, and one copy of this year’s Coursepak is also on reserve. A few readings are also on electronic reserve. I strongly suggest you buy the Coursepak, if you can.

The assigned readings are preceded by a date -- you should read the material by the date indicated, as classroom discussions/lectures and quizzes are based on the assumption you've done the readings.

Exams

There are three (3) examinations: September 24th, November 5th, and a final exam on December 10th at 8 am. Please make your travels plans with these dates in mind. The exam dates cannot be changed.

A sample exam is on the Course Web Page.

All exams will include short essay and multiple choice test questions. You may bring one 3 by 5" index card to the exam. You may write/type anything you wish on the card, but you may not use photocopied or reduced-print text.

Daily Writing: Short Answer Quizzes

We will have a short in-class written assignment every day. Sometimes it will be at the beginning of class, sometimes at the end, and sometimes in the middle.

In 12 randomly chosen class meetings, the written assignment will be a short question on the day's assigned readings. We will call these "quizzes" to distinguish them from the other written assignments. Each quiz is worth a point. The criterion for grading the quiz is simply whether your answer indicates you HAVE done the day's reading.

Your grade for the quizzes is based on the top 10 scores you earn, for a total of up to 10 points. There are NO "excused absences" for pop quizzes. You don't have to come up with "excuses" for me as to why you missed a class. Remember, we onl y meet 26 times, not counting exams, and so every class is almost four percent of our total in-class time together!

Honor Code

The University Honor Code will be in effect through all exams, pop quizzes, and written assignments. Please read carefully the provisions of the Honor Code, make certain you understand and adhere to them, and ask me to clarify any questions yo u have regarding the Code. The Code is a long and valuable tradition at UNC -- protect it!

September Project: Written Assignment

After meeting in your teams during the regularly scheduled class period on September 3rd and discussing the readings and videos from the first two weeks of class, you should write a two-page answer to the following question:

Given the trends and forces identified in our videos and readings, do you expect an increase or a decrease in the use of the 'Japanese system' of human resource management by American firms?

Explain yourself. The paper is due on September 8th. It should be typed and doubled-spaced, and fill just about all of two pages. A 3rd page should list all the articles found by the team. Each person in a team should write his/her own paper.

Term Project: Written Assignment

Choose a job and, based on observations of a worker in that job as well as an interview with the worker, write an eight-page paper. The theme of the paper is the autonomy and control, meaning, and satisfaction of persons in the job, compared t o other jobs we will read about this semester. You should identify the organizational sources of the autonomy and control, meaning, and satisfaction you observe/learn about. See the separate handout describing the paper.

We will form four-person teams that will cooperate together, throughout the semester, on in-class exercises and the term project. Meeting in teams and discussing your projects will give you ideas about your own paper, and give you an opportunity to co ntribute to your classmate's projects.

Your peers in previous classes have set a very high standard of excellence for these papers. Papers by former students are included in your Coursepak (CP 1 through 10). We will be reading them for class assignments during the semester, so you will ha ve a better idea of what is possible in these papers. It might also be a good idea to skim over all of them early in the term, before starting on your own project.

Important dates for this assignment:

August 27th -- Turn in a list of jobs you are considering studying, with some indication of what kind of access you have to a person in that job. You should have at least two possibilities. I wi ll return the list to you, giving suggestions on which job seems most feasible to me.

 

October 6th -- Meet in teams this week to discuss the jobs you have chosen to study..

 

October 22nd -- Turn in at least two pages, describing what the person you observed/interviewed told you about his/her job, and indicating how you are considering interpreting what you have learned ab out the job.

 

November 12th -- Meet in teams this week to compare and contrast results from your field work, and to exchange ideas about writing up your results.

 

Anytime during the semester before November 12th -- Turn in, if you wish, an outline of your proposed paper, showing which jobs you will compare your observed job to, and what factors you identify as the key to understanding the job. My TA and I will give you feedback on this outline, but ONLY if you do this before November 12th .

 

November 19 -- FINAL PAPER DUE.

Grading Scale

I do not grade on a curve. I use a scale with 10 point intervals, modified occasionally to correct for tests/assignments that are too difficult (or too easy). At the end of the term, you will receive a letter grade, based on the following per formance levels:

A = 90-100

B = 80-89

C = 70-79

D = 60-69

F = BELOW 60

Grading

Your final grade is computed as follows:

Exam 1 18%

Exam 2 21%

Final Exam 24%

Team Work. 2%

Daily Quizzes 10%

September 8th Paper 5%

Term Paper 20%

100%

No "extra credit" work is given. I do not grant extensions or give makeup tests except in what I consider very extreme circumstances.

Attendance

If you know you'll be out of town and have to miss a class, please let me know ahead of time. Also, if a family emergency comes up, please let my TA or me know.

Preparing for Class

In this class, we'll practice several aspects of the "new" management for the 1990s: Kaizen (continuous improvement) and cooperative learning. Kaizen will be facilitated by pop quizzes, ungraded assignments, exercises, and in-cl ass minute papers. Cooperative learning will be facilitated by group work in class and study groups.

For every hour that we spend in class, I recommend you set aside two hours for careful reading of the texts, preparation for each class session, and reviewing your notes. I recommend that you do the reading as soon as you can before the day it is assi gned, and then skim it once more before class. You will find class discussions much more meaningful if you spend some time before class, writing out two or three questions that the readings address or several statements that present "leading ideas" in th e reading.

When doing the readings in our textbook, Hodson and Sullivan, be sure to read and tentatively answer the review questions that have put at the end of chapter. See if you can define the concepts they have listed at the end of the chapter.

If you find an article in a current newspaper or magazine that is relevant to this course, please bring it to my attention -- clip the article and bring it in, or give me the reference. Some of the best material in the Coursepak was gathered in this w ay.

During class, we will be practicing important concepts and skills in small work groups of four to six students. This strategy is known as cooperative learning and is designed to increase your mastery of the course content. You will be expected to act ively participate in an effort to ensure your own and your teammates' understanding of the ideas presented in class. We need your commitment to demonstrate a willingness to contribute ideas, to listen to others, and to be a constructive force in the lear ning process.

 

 

I. Introduction

 

 

August 18 (Tuesday)

What is "Work"? Is "work" different in Japan than in the United States?

Video: Two Factories

August 20 (Thursday)

What Makes a Job "Good"? Seeking Job Satisfaction

Using the theory of alienation/self-actualization in the text (Chapter 4), what is your evaluation of the job described by Kelly Turner in her term paper?

· Hodson and Sullivan, The Social Organization of Work, "Seeking Job Satisfaction," Chapter 4, pp. 93-115

· Kelly Turner, "A Day in the Life of a Final Inspector/Sanforizer." CP 4

· Heidi Burris, "A Baker’s Delight." CP 2.

August 25 (Tuesday)

Lessons from Japan? The NUMMI Experiment

In what ways is work in Japanese organizations different from work in U.S. organizations?

· Eli Chinoy, "On the Line," pp. 135-152 in Automobile Workers and the American Dream. CP 8.

· Clair Brown and Michael Reich, "When Does Union Management Cooperation Work? A Look at NUMMI and GM-Van Nuy." CP 9.

· Doron P. Levin, "Ford Borrows Techniques From Its Partner, Mazda." CP 10.

· Robert Rehder and Marta Medaris Smith, "NUMMI: Teamwork in Action." CP 11.

Video: NUMMI

August 27 (Thursday)

TERM WRITTEN ASSIGNMENT: TURN IN LIST OF JOBS

YOU ARE CONSIDERING STUDYING.

Lessons from Japan? Culture and Social Structure

Can the USA borrow from Japan or is Japanese society too different from us to allow borrowing?

· Ezra Vogel, Japan as Number 1, on reserve in Undergraduate Library. (TOO expensive -- $$$ -- to put in the Coursepak!!)

· Hodson & Sullivan, The Social Organization of Work, Chapter 16, section on "Macroplanning in Japan," pp. 428-432.

· Susan Chira, "Motto for a New Breed: Less Work, More Pay." CP 13.

September 1 (Tuesday)

Warnings from Japan? The Dark Side of Kaizen?

Why are some observers less enthusiastic about the Japanese system than Clair Brown and Michael Reich?

· Christian Berggren, "Lean Production -- the End of History?" CP 14.

· Laurie Graham, "Inside a Japanese Transplant: A Critical Perspective." CP 15.

September 3 (Thursday)

Review and Evaluation of Past Two Weeks

· Stanley W. Kandebo, "Sikorsky Boosts Quality, Cuts Costs with Kaizen," Aviation Week & Space Technology, May 1, 1995. CP 18.

Using the resources of the UNC library system and the Internet, locate 3 articles

on Japanese companies’ operations in the United States that focus on human resource practices. Or, locate 3 articles on American companies use of human resource practices explicitly borrowed from Japan. The articles should focus on the use of TEAMS, quality circles, and other Japanese practices. Use the Web, Lexus/Nexus, ABI-INFORM, and other reference sources.

In addition to your library research, review readings from first two weeks before coming to class. In class, meet in teams to discuss the question :

 

Given the trends and forces identified in our videos and readings, do you expect an increase or a decrease in the use of the 'Japanese’ system' of human resource management by American firms?"

After class, prepare a two-page paper to be turned in on September 8th. The paper must be word-processed and double-spaced. On an attached 3rd page, list all the articles that your team found. The paper should make as mu ch use of the articles as possible. Each person in a team should write his/her own paper.

September 8 (Tuesday)

TURN IN WRITTEN ASSIGNMENT FROM SEPTEMBER 10TH.

The Evolution of Work

Why was the division of labor such an important development? What consequences did it have for workers?

· Randy Hodson and Teresa Sullivan, The Social Organization of Work, "The Evolution of Work," Chapter 1, pp. 3-33.

· Steven Guarracino, "Package Handlers: The Low-Men at RPS." CP 2.

September 10 (Thursday)

Studying Work

What special problems do sociologists encounter in trying to study work, and how do they overcome them? What method did Dan Krug use?

· Hodson and Sullivan, The Social Organization of Work, "Studying the World of Work," Chapter 2, pp. 34-59.

· Dan Krug, "Building Trucks." CP 1.

 

II. The Context of Work

 

 

September 15 (Tuesday)

Work and Families I

Why does a father’s or mother’s job affect how they discipline their children?

· Hodson and Sullivan, The Social Organization of Work, "The Personal Context of Work," and "Work and Family," Part III Introduction and Chapter 3, pp. 61-79.

· Melvin Kohn, "The Effects of Social Class on Parental Values and Practices." CP 16.

 

STRUCTURED CONTROVERSY: BEFORE THE NEXT CLASS, MEET IN YOUR TEAMS TO DISCUSS THE QUESTION: "HAS WOMEN'S WORK FORCE PARTICIPATION HAD A POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE EFFECT ON RELATIONS BETWEEN MEN & WOMEN AND THE QUALITY OF LIFE FOR WOMEN?"

Additional readings will be listed on a handout.

September 17 (Thursday)

Work and Families II

Are work and family life compatible? Under what conditions?

 

· Hodson and Sullivan, The Social Organization of Work, "Integrating Work and Family Life," and remainder of chapter, Chapter 3, pp. 79-92.

· Shannon Buggs, "Expectations Rise: As Working Women Put Focus on Family, Companies Follow Suit," The News & Observer, Sunday, March 22nd, 1998, p. E1, E4. CP 20.

· Tables on Working Women posted on Course Web Site.

 

September 22 (Tuesday)

Sexual Harassment: What It Is, What Employers Must Do.

What is sexual harassment and how do firms deal with it? What is an employer's responsibility, under the law?

· Hodson and Sullivan, The Social Organization of Work, "Disruptions, Barriers, and Stress in Work," Chapter 5, pp. 116-130.

· Michael Hooker, "Policies and Procedures Concerning Sexual and Racial Harassment." February 27th, 1998. CP 21.

 

Video: On sexual harassment

September 24 (Thursday)

EXAMINATION I

Bring: blue book, pen, pencils, and a 3x5" card with notes (optional).

 

September 29 (Tues)

Is Work Dangerous to Our Health? Occupational Stress

In what ways does work cause stress? What can workers do to protect themselves? What is an employer's responsibility?

· Hodson and Sullivan, The Social Organization of Work, "Unemployment, Inadequate Work, and Hazardous Work & Disability," Chapter 5, pp. 130-148.

· "Stress on the Job," Newsweek, April 25, 1988. CP 21.

· Romona Ford, "Work, Stress, and Health," from How Workers are Affected by the Social Structure. CP 22.

 

Video: Dying for a Job

 

III. Industries

 

 

October 1 (Thursday)

Unions

Why have unions declined so drastically in the past 30 years?

· Hodson and Sullivan, The Social Organization of Work, "Collective Responses to Work," Chapter 6, pp. 149-178.

October 6 (Tuesday)

Organizational Control Types

What advantages does bureaucracy have over other ways of organizing work?

 

· Hodson and Sullivan, The Social Organization of Work, "Industries and Technologies," and "Technology and Organization," Part III Introduction and Chapter 7, pp. 179-204.

· Characteristics of Bureaucracy. CP 23.

· Barbara Garson, "Ping Pong" and "Lip Gloss," CP 33.

October 8 (Thursday)

Personal and Hierarchical Control

Under what conditions does individual accountability interfere with group functioning and organizational performance?

· Donald Roy, "Work Satisfaction and Social Reward in Quota Achevement: An Analysis of Piecework Incentive." American Sociological Review, 18 (1953): 507-514. CP 26.

· Theresa M. Welbourne, "Pay for What Peformance? Using the Role-Based Performance Scale," Journal of Strategic Performance Measurement, (October/November, 1997), pp. 13-20. CP 27.

October 13 (Tues)

Scientific Management and Technical Control I

Why is work so boring? Do managers deliberately design mind-numbing work?

· Harley Shaiken, Work Transformed: Automation and Labor in the Computer Age, Chapter 3, pp. 45-65. CP 25.

· Elizabeth Ann Peatross, "The Rubber Worker." CP 6.

Video: Clockwork

October 20 (Tues)

TERM WRITTEN ASSIGNMENT: TURN IN AT LEAST TWO PAGES ON THE JOB YOU HAVE OBSERVED/PERSON YOU HAVE INTERVIEWED.

 

Scientific Management and Technical Control II

Does work have to be designed in ways that reduce workers’ satisfaction?

· Susan D. Mulcahy and Robert Faulkner, "Person and Machine in a New England Factory." CP 26.

· Kathy L. Chen, "The Life of a Packing Inspector." CP 7.

October 22 (Thurs)

Manufacturing in Decline? Or not?

Why has employment in manufacturing declined in recent years?

What difference does it make?

· Hodson and Sullivan, The Social Organization of Work, "Manufacturing, Mining, and Agriculture," Chapter 8, pp. 205-232.

· Barbara Garson, The Electronic Sweatshop, Part I, pp. 17-70.

· Employment Distribution Trends, CP 28 & Course Web Site.

ASSIGNMENT FOR OCTOBER 27th: Team assignment to be announced in class that will require your team to use the WEB.

October 27 (Tues)

High Technology

Why does high technology have such a large potential for job displacement or loss?

· Hodson and Sullivan, The Social Organization of Work, "The High-Technology Workplace," Chapter 9, pp. 233-260.

October 29 (Thurs)

Service Industries: Trends in Employment

Why has employment in service industries increased so dramatically over the past several decades?

· Hodson & Sullivan, The Social Organization of Work, "Services," Chapter 10, pp. 261-283.

November 3 (Tues)

Service Industries: Emotion Management

What is emotion management and why are women better at it than men?

· Arlie Hochschild, "Gender, Status, and Feeling." CP 27.

· Greta Foff Paules "Resisting the Symbolism of Service," (From her book, Dishing It Out: Power and Resistance in a New

Jersey Restaurant.), ON RESERVE in the Undergraduate

Library (TOO expensive for our Coursepak).

 

IV. Occupations

 

 

November 5 (Thursday)

EXAMINATION II

Bring: blue book, pen, pencils, and a 3x5" card with notes (optional).

 

November 10 (Tuesday)

Professions and Professionals

Why are professionals better off than other workers? What have they done to gain such rewards?

· Hodson and Sullivan, The Social Organization of Work, "Occupations and Professions," and "Professions and Professionals," Part IV Introduction and Chapter 11, pp. 285-314.

November 12 (Thursday)

· "Web Sites That Will Help You Research and then Write Your Paper" on the Course Home Page @ http://www.unc.edu/~healdric/Style.html

 

MEET IN TEAMS IN CLASS TO WORK ON YOUR PAPERS.

November 17 (Tuesday)

Professions Struggle to Survive

What would it take to turn a semi-profession into a profession?

· Barbara Garson, The Electronic Sweatshop, Part II, pp. 73-159.

· Catherine Clabby, "Dental Aides Want Freedom: Medical Disputes Break Out of Clinics into Legislature," The News & Observer, February 16, 1997, p. B1, B6. CP 32.

November 19 (Thursday)

 

TERM WRITTEN ASSIGNMENT: Paper Due.

 

The People in Suits: Executives

Is there such a thing as a "dead-end" job in management? What kind of job might it be, and why?

 

· Hodson and Sullivan, The Social Organization of Work, "Executives, Managers, and Administrators," Chapter 12, pp. 315-337.

· Ed Ryan, "Pizza...for the Time Being." CP 6.

November 24 (Thurs)

Routinization of Paper Pushing

Can offices be organized like factories? With what consequences?

· Hodson and Sullivan, The Social Organization of Work, "Clerical and Sales Workers," Chapter 13, pp. 338-360.

· Barbara Garson, The Electronic Sweatshop, Chapters 7 and 8, pp. 163-224.

· Tesha Campbell, "Can I Have A Balance on That Account?" CP 5.

· Caroline McAnally, "Deal with It." CP 10.

 

Video: Good Monday Morning (first half).

 

 

V. Summing Up

 

 

December 1 (Tues)

 

Open-book Management and Teams (Revisited)

Will bosses no longer be needed in the 21st century?

· Hodson and Sullivan, The Social Organization of Work, "Work in a Global Economy," section on "How Do Work Practices Differ Around the Globe?," Chapter 16, pp. 425-440.

· "Who Needs a Boss?" CP 32.

· John P. Schuster, Jill Carpenter, and M. Patricia Kane, The Open-Book Management Field Book, pp. 3-31. CP 34.

 

Video: Working Together: Saturn & the UAW or Harman International

 

December 3 (Thursday)

Work in the 21st Century

What have we learned?

TERM WRITTEN ASSIGNMENT: PAPERS RETURNED.

 

Dec. 10th (Thursday) 8:00 to 10 AM

 

FINAL EXAM

 

Bring: blue book, pen, pencils, and a 3x5" card with notes (optional).

Grades posted on Dec. 14th (5:00 PM)

 

GRADES POSTED ON DOOR OF 202 HAMILTON.

DO NOT PHONE -- COME LOOK FOR YOURSELF, IN PERSON!!