Table 3.   Finding Areas Under the Curve of the Z-distribution using Trapezoids
 
THEORETICAL STATISTICAL FUNCTION, f(Z)        
           
Ending 
z-scores
h1=f(z)   h     area    interval Finding areas:
-3 0.0044 0.5 (-2.5 to -3)  Use the area of a trapezoid to 
-2.5 0.0175 0.5   (-2 to -2.5) determine area under the curve 
-2 0.0540 0.5   (-1.5 to -2) or probabilities for every change 
-1.5 0.1295 0.5   (-1 to -1.5) in h or .5 increment in z-scores.
-1 0.2420 0.5   (-.5 to -1)
-0.5 0.3521 0.5   (0 to -.5)
0 0.3989 0.5   (0 to .5)  
0.5 0.3521 0.5   (.5 to 1)  
1 0.2420 0.5   (1 to 1.5)  
1.5 0.1295 0.5   (1.5 to 2)  
2 0.0540 0.5   (2 to 2.5)
2.5 0.0175 0.5   (2.5 to 3)  
3 0.0044 0.5      

Figure 5.  Smoothed histogram for the Standard Normal Distribution
ChartObject Chart 1