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1833 - 1839 - First « Carlist » war fought by Basques from the four southern provinces. The souletin Augustin Chaho publishes a tract supporting their movement. 1839 - The Basques are defeated by the Spanish and the Bergara Convention is signed. Alaba, Bizkaia and Gipuzkoa lose their autonomy and the Navarrais state is abolished. 1845 - The Basques begin their massive exodus to South America. In Bizkaia, a large steel industry is implanted. 1856 - The Franco-Espanol convention splits Navarre. 1872 - 1876 - The second « Carlist » war : the Basques are once again defeated by the Spanish. 1895 - Sabino Arana Goiri founds the Basque Nationalist Party (PNV), calls the nation Euskadi and creates the national flag with the seven Basque provinces. 1932 - Eighty thousand Basques celebrate Aberri Eguna, the day of Basque Nationalism in Bilbao. 1937 - The Nazis bomb Gernika for Franco Monday the 26th of April. 1959 - ETA (Euskadi eta Askatasuna - Basque Country and Freedom) is born in southern Euskadi. 1973 - December 20th ; ETA executes the Spanish prime minister Carrero Blanco in Madrid. 1974 - The French government outlaws the Enbata movement January 30th. 1975 - EHAS (Basque Socialist Party) is founded. Franco dies. 1976 - The Vitoria and Montejurra massacres. One hundred thousand Basques and mayors meet in Bergara to fight for independance on the 100th anniversary of the Fors suppression. 1980 - Autonomy ; the Government of Euskadi in Vitoria for Alaba, Bizkaia and Gipuzkoa, the Governement of Navarre in Iruna (Pamplona). |