v.0.91 AAT Art & Architecture Thesaurus. Getty Research Institute. Available at http://www.getty.edu/research/conducting_research/vocabularies/aat/ Chan Chan, Lois Mai. Cataloging and Classification: An Introduction. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1994. CCO Cataloguing Cultural Objects: A Guide to Describing Cultural Works and their Images. Visual Resources Association. February 2004 draft revision. Available at http://www.vraweb.org/CCOweb/index.html CDWA Categories for the Description of Works of Art. Art Information Task Force. Available at http://www.getty.edu/research/conducting_research/standards/cdwa/index.html LCSH Library of Congress Subject Headings. Available at http://authorities.loc.gov/ TGN Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names. Getty Research Institute. Available at http://www.getty.edu/research/conducting_research/vocabularies/tgn/ ULAN Union List of Artist Names. Getty Research Institute. Available at http://www.getty.edu/research/conducting_research/vocabularies/ulan/ VRA VRA Core Categories, Version 3.0. Visual Resources Association Data Standards Committee. Available at http://www.vraweb.org/vracore3.htm Works depicted in slides (work records) ; administrative metadata about the slides and the digital reproductions of them (image records) . This document focuses on cataloging the work records. These fields represent "ways to refer to a work" [CCO 1.1.1]. Each is required. The two fields are particularly important for whole/part cataloging. We can try a system where our experts (professors) use the paper forms to capture their knowledge about the materials. Then, on a separate pass, the assistants (students) can work with the vocabularies to nail down terms while entering information into the software. Ideally, the experts would make another pass at the material at some point to sign off on it. This workflow will prevent our experts from getting hung up on terminology and bogged down in controlled vocabularies. 1. Think of the Researcher first and what he/she would enter to search in the field you are creating. 2. Use American English. 3. Capitalize proper names only. 4. Abbreviate only when it is the most obvious choice and most common usage. Ex: St. for Saint but not Street. 5. Use singular and plural nouns according to the work. Remember to think of what the researcher would enter. If the AAT has a term but it does not allow for the amount you are describing. Continue to use that term but remain consistent to the work.

Definition Identifies the specific type of Work or Image being described in the record. Qualifiers None Data Values (controlled) recommend AAT

The Work Type field identifies the kind of work or works being described. Work Type typically refers to a work‚s physical form, function, or media (e.g., sculpture, altarpiece, cathedral, storage jar, painting, and etching). Work Type should be a term(s) that most closely characterizes the work. The focus of the collection and expertise of the users should be considered. May need to accommodate both expert and novice researchers. More than one Work Type may be recorded. For example: both church and basilica may be Work Type s for a building, noting both its function and its form. Should provide at least one general and one specific terms for each item, and even for each aspect (form, function, media).

Use AAT. Draw terms from the Objects Facet and the Materials Facet of the AAT. Assign multiple values for Work Type to an item. Try to provide at least one specific term and at least one general term. For example: container and cremation urn. Enter the general term first. Catalog an item according to form, function and materials, technique or medium where possible, observing the need for both general and specific terms. The AAT can be instructive in this regard. For example, you might use container as a general term, then add the specific term cremation urn for function; and urn for form. See CCO 1.3.1.2.1 for examples. Enter the word as found in the controlled vocabulary, following capitalizations and punctuation directly. Use the singular form of a term unless describing a group of items. Use American English except when no exact English equivalent of a term exists. Use diacritics as required.

Definition The title or identifying phrase given to a Work or an Image. For complex works or series the title may refer to a discrete unit within the larger entity (a print from a series, a panel from a fresco cycle, a building within a temple complex) or may identify only the larger entity itself. A record for a part of a larger unit should include both the title for the part and the title for the larger entity. For an Image record this category describes the specific view of the depicted Work. Qualifiers Title.Variant Title.Translation Title.Series Title.Larger Entity Data Values formulated according to data content rules for titles of works of art

See CCO: 1.1.1 ; 1.2.2.* ; 1.3.1.3.*. The Title element records the titles, identifying phrases, or names given to a work of art or architecture. Works are given titles, names, or identifying phrases in order to identify and refer to them. The key consideration is the distinction between a title derived from an authoritative source, or a constructed title. An authoritative source constitutes a title given by owner/creator, a title inscribed on the work, or a commonly accepted title used for the work. Institutions may need to produce their own constructed title where no authoritative title is available. Constructed titles should follow a consistent formula. They may be extremely specific, or more general. Decorative works, non-Western art, archaeological works, or groups of works are often known by a descriptive phrase rather than by a title per se. Such descriptive phrases are sometimes based on work type s or longer phrases that briefly describe the work. Note that for image records, VRA recommends using the Title field to describe the view of a work.

Use the most recent title known or title given by an artist, or from some other authoritative source, when possible. Construct a descriptive title if no authoritative title is available. Possible strategies for constructing titles follow. Use Work Type terminology in combination with information from Location or other fields to form a title. For example: Santa Maria Novella Crucifix. Reference the Work Type . Example: for an ancient Greek vessel, use the title Red-Figure Amphora . Use one of the following for architecture: a descriptive name, a name that refers to the owner, a dedication (e.g., for a church), or even a street address. Many buildings do not have names, in which case title may refer to the work type (e.g., amphitheater) or it may be a longer descriptive phrase. Example: for a ruin at Pompeii, Italy, title refers to the work type : Amphitheater . Give titles in American English only. If an object is more commonly known by a title in another language give the foreign language title as Title.Variant. Capitalize the first word, proper names and all nouns, pronouns, verbs, adverbs, and adjectives. All other words can be lower cases. Use common abbreviations should only be used in the strongest cases. Example: Saint as St. but Street should not be abbreviated. (This application of abbreviation rules only applies to Title. Rules may vary on other fields.) Indicate what view of a work is represented by the slide if appropriate.

Definition The substance of which a work or an image is composed. Qualifiers None Data Values AAT

See CCO: 3.1.1 ; 3.2.2.* Be as specific as possible. If you find you are using a broad term consider if a narrower term is more appropriate or could be used as well. Example: Wood vs. Poplar. Generally terms for materials are expressed in the singular. ink oil paint charcoal vernis Martin laid paper canvas mother of pearl engraving gilding Do not use abbreviations and capitalize only when referencing a proper noun. Terms should be in American English except when there is no American English counterpart. Indicate what view of a work is represented by the slide if appropriate.

Description The names, appellations, or other identifiers assigned to an individual, group, corporate body, or other entity that has contributed to the design, creation, production, manufacture, or alteration of the work or image. Creator: identifies the individual, group of individuals, corporate body, cultural group, or other entity that contributed to the creation, design, production, manufacture, or alteration of the work. Creator Role: Records the role or activity preformed by the creator in the conception, design, or production of the work being cataloged. Qualifiers (Personal Name) Creator.Role (Will be included in creator field not a separate field) Data Values Recommend ULAN and AAAF (LC authority files).

See CCO 2.*. The Creator element identifies the individual, group of individuals, corporate body, cultural group, or other entity that contributed to the creation, design, production, manufacture, or alteration of the work. The Creator Role element records the role or activity performed by the creator in the conception, design, or production of the work being catalogued. Certain parts of creator information are best recorded in a free-text field for display in combination with controlled fields for access. Creator’s name would then appear in natural order, first name last in the free text field. Creator is such an important field for access it should not be left blank even if the Creator is not known.

Obtain Creator names from the ULAN. If a desired name is not in the ULAN, use another authoritative source. Names should be capitalized including surnames, initials, forenames, and honorifics. The language of the name should match the language of the catalog which is English unless the native language is considered more common. Use Unknown in the Creator field where the Creator is not known. If the identity of an artist is unknown but you want to associate him/her with multiple works, create a unique authority entry using Unknown and additional cultural, temporal or geographical information, e.g., Unknown Athenian . Indicate in the free text-field for Creator whether scholarly opinion is divided as to attribution for a work. See the CCO for qualifiers. Creator Role should be obtained from the ULAN. Role should be consistently entered using the same grammatical base, either noun or verb.

Definition Date or range of dates associated with the creation, design, production, presentation, performance, construction, or alteration, etc. of the work or image. Dates may be expressed as free text or numerical. Qualifiers Date.Creation Date.Design Date.Beginning Date.Completion Date.Alteration Date.Restoration Add: Date.Dedication Data Values formulated according to standards for data content (e.g., AACR, DC dates, etc.)

From the software specifications: This field is a customization of VRA’s Date category. It should consist of a select box, a text box, then another select box. The first select box is called “precision” and contains the values: , circa, ?. The text box is called “year” and it should validate to accept only integer values (for years, no month or date). Then the second select box, “era”, should have the values: BCE, CE. The point here is to provide for the ability to enter dates such as: “449 BCE”, “ca. 500 BCE”, or “32 CE?”.

Enter an integer for year. Use BeginRange and EndRange for ranges.

Definition The geographic location and/or name of the repository, building, or site-specific work or other entity whose boundaries include the Work or Image. Qualifiers Location.Current Site Location.Creation Site Data Values BHA index, AAAF (LC), Grove's Dictionary of Art Location Appendix, TGN (Getty)

See CCO 5.*. Current Site refers to the geographic location of the work of art or architecture and the building or repository that currently houses the work (where applicable-this field may be blank). Current location is important to researchers and most other users of art information. Creation Site refers to where the creation, design, or production of the work or its components took place; it may also be the presumed original location of the work. Location fields may require combining free text fields with controlled fields. To accommodate entries such as discovered near Peking, China . Avoid anachronistic displays in the Work Record , when possible. Ideally, if a historical name is pertinent to the work, the historical name for the place or repository should be used. For example, for a late 15th century Flemish altarpiece, the Creation location should be noted as Antwerp (Flanders) rather than Antwerp (Belgium) because the nation of Belgium did not exist until 1831.

Use the TGN as authority. Where terms do not appear in the TGN, use another authoritative source. Capitalize all proper names, including the manes of repositories, villages, towns, cities, provinces, states, nations, empires, kingdoms, and physical features. Avoid Abbreviations. Spell out acronyms including states and countries. Use the language common to the catalog, in this case American English. Use commonly used names, such as Belgium, instead of Kingdom of Belgium. Be as specific and granular as you can be; include cities, addresses, building names, and even location in building where appropriate.

Definition A defined style, historical period, group, school, dynasty, movement, etc. whose characteristics are represented in the Work or Image. Qualifiers Style/Period.Style Style/Period.Period Data Values(controlled) recommend AAT

See CCO 4.*. Identifies the named, defined style, historical or artistic period, movement, group, or school whose characteristics are represented in the work. Designations of style, period, group or movement are derived from scholarly tradition within given fields of expertise. The terminology places the work in the context of other works created in the same or a similar style. While all styles are characterized in large part by a particular configuration of artistic fields, Style/Period does not always refer only to the visual appearance of the work. But where the terms for style are defined primarily by the visual appearance of the work, the Style field is generally the only place this information needs to be recorded. Style can refer to a technique: those terms for style and period refer to a medium or technique. Example: [for a Panathenaic amphora, “Black-figure” refers to technique] Style/Period.Style : Black-figure; Attic Style can refer to the theme or subject of the work: those terms for style for style refer explicitly or implicitly to the subject or other thematic or visual content of the work. Example: [for a Scythian ornament, reference to subject is explicit] Style/Period.Style : Animal Style Style can refer to a place: those terms for style refer to a geographic or geopolitical entity. Example: [for a 12th-century tomb] Style/Period.Style : Catalan Style can also refer to a period: some terms for style refer to a chronological period for those terms use the qualifier .Period. These terms may or may not include a date association (more likely note). Example: [for a kouros statue] Style/Period.Style : Archaic(Greek)

Draw terms from the Styles and Periods Facet of the AAT. Terms for .Style should include “style” in the AAT definition, and terms for for .Period should include the word “period.” Use terms in the adjectival form, e.g., Hellenistic . Occasionally these terms may include nouns or gerunds that are used as adjectives: Black-figure; Orientalizing . Capitalize terms and avoid abbreviations. Use American English whenever possible, unless there is no English-language equivalent. Use diacritics as required. Use Style/Period without a qualifier if it makes no sense to use either qualifier.

Term Source Note Hellenistic AAT [. Period ] Refers to the ancient Greek period, culture, and art of ancient Greece that lasted from about 330 BCE to 31 BCE, when Augustus defeated Cleopatra and Mark Antony. It is characterized by an international culture that was ushered in by Alexander the Great's conquest of India, Egypt, and the Near East. In architecture and art, the style is marked by greater sophistication, complexity, and diversity than was known in earlier Greek styles. Architecture diverges from strict rules of earlier periods. Sculptors emphasized more realistic figures in a greater variety of poses than in earlier Greek art. Red-figure AAT [. Style ] Refers to a style of Greek vase painting that developed from the Black-figure style. It appeared in Athens around 530 BCE and spread to other areas of Greece, southern Italy, Etruria, and elsewhere in the Mediterranean area, until it disappeared in the third century BCE. It is characterized by the use of refined slip and a two-phase firing process to create a black ground through sintering, with figures reserved in red. The details of the figures are more fluid than in the Black-figure style, and are typically drawn with a brush, using both a defined, black relief line and a more dilute line that varies in color from dark gold to black. Shaft Grave Period AAT [. Period ] Refers to the Middle Helladic period and culture associated with the graves that date from around 1600 BCE to around 1400 BCE and were found at Mycenae and other Bronze Age Greek sites. It is characterized by tomb construction that is distinct from earlier and other contemporary cultures in that the tombs were typically arranged in circles and probably were surmounted by tumuli, burials were multiple and successive burials rather than individual, and portable gold and weapons were preferred as grave goods, reminiscent of a nomadic culture.

Definition The name of the culture, people (ethnonym), or adjectival form of a country name from which a Work or Image originates or with which the Work or Image has been associated. Qualifiers None Data Values recommend AAT

See CCO 4.*. The Culture element contains the name of the culture, people, or nationality from which the work originated. This element is useful to institutions that wish to note the culture associated with the work, in order to place the work in context of other works created in the same culture. Given that the culture that produced the work is nearly always the same as the creator’s culture, the Culture element may seem redundant; however, it may be a necessary element if the Creator field is left blank, which will often be the case with ancient objects.

Term Source Note Aegean AAT Refers to the cultures and styles of Greece and Asia Minor that developed on islands and on mainland areas surrounding the Aegean Sea, which lies between Greece and Turkey. Persian AAT Refers to the culture that developed in antiquity in the geographical area of modern Iran.

Draw terms from the Styles and Periods Facet of the AAT. Terms should include the word “culture” in the predicate of the AAT definition. Use Terms for culture or nationality in adjectival form of a proper noun for a culture, region, nation, or continent. There are cases where the term for culture may be the same as style but avoid this whenever possible. Style should offer some more fine grained definitions. Examples: Celtic, Italian, Aegean, Persian . Capitalize terms and avoid abbreviations. Terms for culture should be in American English, except in cases where no exact English-language equivalent exists. Use diacritics as required.

Definition Terms or phrases that describe, identify, or interpret the Work or Image and what it depicts or expresses. These may include proper names (e.g., people or events), geographic designations (places), generic terms describing the material world, or topics (e.g., iconography, concepts, themes, or issues). Qualifiers None Data Values recommend AAT, TGM, ICONCLASS, Sears Subject Headings

See the CCO 6.*. See also Chan, Chapters 7 & 8. The Subject element contains an identification, description, and/or interpretation of what is depicted in and by a work or image. Subjects include things, places, activities, abstract shapes, decorations, stories, and events from literature, mythology, religion, or history. Philosophical, theoretical, symbolic, and allegorical themes and concepts may be subjects. Subjects should be recorded for all works, even those which have no narrative or figurative “subject matter” in the traditional sense. Exhaustivity: The more term assigned to a work the more possible ways it can be retrieved but there are always limits to this amount. As a general rule we want to answer questions of who, what, where, and when in terms of what is being depicted in the work. Works that have a primary functional purpose, such as architecture and utilitarian objects, should be analyzed for subject, to include the work’s functions. This is a very broadly-defined field which can pull from different facets of the AAT, and from a variety of vocabularies. In general, we might use this field for AAT terms from the Associated Concepts and Activities Facets, which include higher-order concepts, academic disciplines, professions, occasions, etc.

Draw terms from the AAT’s Associated Concepts Facet and Activities Facet, other facets as appropriate. Other forms of authority include the LCSH. Follow the work of three – a work should have a least three terms available to describe the subject matter. Include both a high-level and a low-level descriptor for the subject field; for example, “slavery” and “helots.” Use singular and plural terminology to reflect what is represented in the work. If there is a depiction of several trees, trees . If there is a depiction of only one tree, tree . Capitalize proper names and avoid abbreviations. Use the language of the catalog, English, except for proper names and in cases where no exact English-language equivalent exisits.

Term Source Note drama AAT From the Activities Facet. Use for the academically oriented study of theater, comprising theater criticism, history, aesthetics, and the study of drama as a specialized form of literature. For the professionally oriented study and practice of theater, use "theater (discipline)." slavery AAT From the Associated Concepts Facet. Refers to the condition in which one human being is owned by another. A slave is deprived of most of the rights ordinarily held by free persons. Helots LCSH LCSH has a See also for Slavery -- Greece

Definition A free-text note about the Work or Image, including comments, description, or interpretation, that gives additional information not recorded in other categories. Qualifiers None Data Values --

See the CCO 8.*. This field should not become a destination for values that are better-represented in other fields. Free-text notes allow for the nuance and detail necessary to capture a precise description. This makes it possible to include very specific details that cannot be described in other fields.

Be brief and use natural word order. Capitalize proper nouns and avoid abbreviations.