University of North Carolina
Chapel Hill
SOCI850 -- SOCIAL STRATIFICATION
Professor François NIELSEN
Fall 2006
1. Time, Place & Contacts
- Classes Meet
- Hamilton 151
- Mon 12:00 NOON--2:30 PM
- Professor
- François Nielsen --
Email: francois_nielsen@unc.edu Office: Hamilton 163 Hours:
by appointment Phone: 919-962-5064
- Web site http://www.unc.edu/~nielsen/
2. Description
& Goals
The course covers major classical
and current approaches to social stratification in sociology, with some
special emphasis on evolutionary approaches and issues related to the
evolution
of social inequality with industrial development. The class is
organized
as a seminar: students are expected to do the readings assigned for
each
period and to participate in class discussions. The attached
reading
list details the readings and the class period by which they should be
read. "See also" readings are only suggestions and are not
required
for this course.
The goals of this course
are for class participants
- to understand major substantive
issues involved in social stratification research
- to gain this understanding
by becoming acquainted with the major world views, theories,
models,
methods, and people involved in stratification research; this knowledge
should go a long way toward enabling students to launch a research
project
of their own on a social stratification topic
- for graduate students in sociology
especially, to acquire a solid basis for preparing the Ph.D. field exam
in social stratification
3. About the Readings
You will probably want to
obtain a copy of the following reader by David Grusky ( I will discuss
ways to obtain a copy in class):
- Grusky, David B. 2001. Social Stratification:
Class, Race, and Gender in Sociological Perspective.
2e.
Boulder, CO: Westview Press. ISBN: 0813310652. Binding:
paper.
$48.00 at Amazon.com.
You may aalso want to get copies of the following:
- Lenski, Gerhard. [1966] 1984. Power &
Privilege. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina
Press.
ISBN: 0807841196. Binding: paper.
- Herrnstein, Richard and Charles Murray. [1994] 1996. The
Bell Curve: Intelligence and Class Structure in American Life.
New York: Free Press. ISBN: 0684824299. Binding:
paper.
Cost: abt $16.-
- Jencks, Christopher and Meredith Phillips, eds.
1998. The Black-White Test Score Gap. Brookings
Institution
Press. $26.95 at Amazon.com.
Many of the readings are found
in the reader Social Stratification edited by David B.
Grusky.
I refer to that book simply as GRUSKY. Some of the other readings
will be accessible under Documents in the side bar. Some of these
texts will be protected by a password that will be communicated to
class
participants. You are encouraged to share books and
articles.
Let me know if you have trouble obtaining any of the readings.
The field of social stratification
is vast, so the works on this list represent only highlights of the
important
works in stratification. The reading list for the Ph.D. field
examination
in Social Stratification provides a more comprehensive bibliography
(see
Documents in side-bar)..
4. Requirements
The course has the following
requirements (percent of course grade in parentheses).
- Readings & Class Participation.
You need to do the readings for the day and to think about the
questions
about them so you can participate in class discussion and other
activities.
Questions for discussion will be posted under Class Notes in the side
bar.
- Paper or PowerPoint Presentation. The main work in
the class will consist of a paper or a PowerPoint presentation on a
topic
of your choosing. You are welcome (indeed, encouraged) to choose
a topic that relates to your field of study and may pave the way for a
Master's thesis, or dissertation or other kind of publication.
And
your paper does not have to be the final product of a research and may
be tentative (i.e., it may be along the lines of a proposal). I
request
a 3-pages abstract/outline by Fri 6 Oct. The final
paper or presentation is due preferably by Fri 8 Dec, but at
the
very latest by Fri 15 Dec.
5. Outline & Schedule
Click on Class # to go to
the detailed schedule and readings.
| Module |
|
Date |
Subject |
| 1 |
Fri |
25 Aug |
Introduction |
| 2 |
Fri |
1
Sep |
Functionalist
Approaches |
| 3 |
Fri |
8
Sep |
Marxian
Approaches & Neoclassical Critique |
| 4 |
Fri |
15
Sep |
Responses
to Marx: Weber & Elite Theorists |
| 5 |
Fri |
22
Sep |
Evolutionary
Approaches I |
| 6 |
Fri |
29
Sep |
Evolutionary
Approaches II |
| 7 |
Fri |
6 Oct |
Social
Mobility & Status Attainment I |
| 8 |
Fri |
13 Oct |
Social
Mobility & Status Attainment II |
| |
Fri |
20 Oct |
Fall Break
|
| 9 |
Fri |
27 Oct |
Ascriptive Distinctions I:
Sex/Gender |
| 10 |
Fri |
3 Nov |
Class Projects |
| 11 |
Fri |
10
Nov |
Ascriptive Distinctions II:
Race & Ethnicity |
| 12 |
Fri |
17
Nov |
Inequality & Development in the World
System |
| |
Fri |
24
Nov |
Thanksgiving Break
|
| 13 |
Fri |
1
Dec |
Class Projects |
Module 1 (25 Aug) --
INTRODUCTION
- [Optional] Grusky, David B.
"The Past, Present, and Future of Social Inequality." Pp. 1-51 in
GRUSKY. [This is a useful outline of the field of social
stratification,
refreshingly skeptical about some of the fads that have captured the
literature.
You may want to refer to it periodically as you do the readings.]
Module 2 (1 Sep) -- FUNCTIONALIST APPROACHES
- M2 Discussion topics
- Davis, Kingsley and Wilbert
Moore. "Some Principles of Stratification." Pp. 55-63 in
GRUSKY.
- Simpson,
Richard. 1956. "A Modification of the Functional Theory of
Social Stratification." Social Forces 35:132-137.
- Stinchcome,
Arthur. 1968. "Functional Causal Imagery." Pp. 80-101 in Constructing
Social Theories. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
- Stinchcombe, Arthur.
1963. "Some Empirical Consequences of the Davis-Moore Theory of
Stratification." American
Sociological Review 28:805-808.
- Tumin, Melvin M.. "Some
Principles of Stratification: A Critical Analysis." Pp. 65-73 in
GRUSKY.
- Fisher, Claude S., Michael
Hout, Martin Sanchez Jankovski, Samuel R. Lucas, Ann Swidler, and Kim
Voss.
"Inequality by Design." Pp. 73-76 in GRUSKY.
- Lenski, Gerhard. "New
Light on Old Issues: The Relevance of 'Really Existing Socialist
Societies'
for Stratification Theory." Pp. 77-84 in GRUSKY.
****** See also:
Module 3 (8 Sep) -- MARXIAN APPROACH &
NEOCLASSICAL
CRITIQUE
****** See also:
- Burawoy, Michael. 1982. "Introduction:
The Resurgences of Marxism in American Sociology." Pp. S1-S30 in Marxist
Inquiries (Supplement to American Journal of Sociology 88),
edited by Michael Burawoy and Theda Skocpol.
- Burawoy on public sociology.
Module 4 (15 Sep) -- RESPONSES TO MARX: WEBER
AND
ELITE THEORISTS
a. Max Weber and Other
Economic Approaches
- Weber, Max. Pp. 132-152
in GRUSKY.
- "Class, Status, and Party."
(Pp. 132-142)
- "Status Groups and Classes."
(Pp. 142-145)
- "Open and Closed Relationships."
(Pp. 146-149)
- "The Rationalization of Education
and Training." (Pp. 150-152)
- Parkin, Frank. "Marxism
and Class Theory: A Bourgeois Critique." Pp. 162-177 in GRUSKY.
- Sørensen, Aage B.
1996. "The Structural Basis of Social Inequality." American
Journal of Sociology 101:1333-1365.
b. Elite/Ruling Class
Theorists
c. Are Social Classes
Real?
- Grusky, David B. and Jesper
B. Sørensen. "Are There Big Social Classes?" Pp.
183-194
in GRUSKY.
- Sørensen, Aage B.
"The Basic Concepts of Stratification Research: Class, Status, and
Power."
Pp. 287-300 in GRUSKY.
****** See also:
- Cammack, Paul. 1990.
"A Critical Assessment of the New Elite Paradigm." American
Sociological
Review 55:415-420. [Reply by John Higley et al.: Pp. 421-426.]
- Giddens, Anthony. 1973. The
Class Structure of the Advanced Societies. NY: Harper
and
Row.
- Domhof, William. 1978. The
Powers That Be. Vintage Books. (Preface, Chapter 1 & 3.)
- Robinson, Robert and Jonathan
Kelley. 1979. "Class as conceived by Marx and Dahrendorf." American
Sociological Review 44:38-58.
- Whitt, J. Allen. 1979.
"Toward a class-dialectic model of power." American Sociological
Review
44,:81-100.
- Halaby, Charles N. and David
L. Weakliem. 1993. “Ownership and authority in the
earnings
function: Alternative specifications.” American Sociological Review
58:16-30. (Also comment by E.O. Wright and reply by Halaby, pp.
31-36.)
Module 5 (22 Sep) -- EVOLUTIONARY APPROACHES I
Socio-cultural Evolution
****** See also:
- Lenski, Gerhard. 2005. Ecological-Evolutionary Theory.
Boulder, CO: Paradigm.
- Diamond, Jared. 1998. Guns,
Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies. New York:
Norton.
[A recent example of "rediscovery" of a technology-oriented perspective
on socio-cultural evolution similar to Lenski's.]
Module 6 (29 Sep) -- EVOLUTIONARY APPROACHES II
Evolution of Human Nature, Reproductive Skew & Gender
Inequality
- Wade,
Nicholas. 2003. "A Course in Evolution, Taught by
Chimps."
New York Times 25 November 2003.
- Mazur,
Allan. 2005. Biosociology
of Dominance and Deference. New York: Rowman &
Littlefield.
- Chapter 1. Fish...(Pp. 1--3)
- Chapter 2. ...And People (Pp. 5--18)
- Chapter 5 (partial). "Dominance in the Primate Series."
(Pp. 58--64)
- Chapter 6. Status Signs (Pp. 65--77)
- Roughgarden, Joan. 2004. Evolution's Rainbow.
Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
- (Abstract only.) Verhrencamp,
Sandra L. 1983b. "A Model for the
Evolution of Despotic Versus Egalitarian Societies." Animal Behavior 31: 667--682.
- Wilson,
Margo and Martin Daly. 1992. "The Man Who Mistook His Wife
For a Chattel." Pp. 289-322 in The Adapted Mind: Evolutionary
Psychology and the Generation of Culture, edited by Jerome H.
Barkow,
Leda Cosmides, and John Tooby. New York: Oxford University Press.
- Pinker, Stephen. 2002. The
Blank Slate: The Modern Denial of Human Nature. New York: Viking.
- Blumberg, Rae. 1978. Stratification:
Socioeconomic and Sexual Inequality. Dubuque, Iowa: WM. C.
Brown.
Chapters 1-5 (Pp. 1-62). [The discussion of apes in Chapter 1 is
outdated; treat as historical document only.]
- Lopreato, Joseph and Timothy
Crippen. 1999. Crisis in Sociology: The Need for Darwin.
New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction.
****** See also:
- Blumberg, Rae. 1984. "A General Theory of Gender Stratification."
Pp. 23-101 in Sociological Theory, edited by Randall Collins.
San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
- Chafetz, Janet Saltzman. 1984. Sex
and Advantage. Totowa, NJ: Rowman & Allanheld.)
- Collins, R., J. S. Chafetz, R.L. Blumberg, S. Collins, and J.
Turner. 1993. "Toward an Integrated Theory of Gender
Stratification." Sociological
Perspectives 36: 185--216. [Article cited by Blumberg in
McNair-Barnett (2004).]
- Dunn, Dana, Elizabeth Almquist,
and Janet Saltzman Chafetz. 1993. "Macrostructural
Perspectives
on Gender Inequality: Economic Factors and Gender
Stratification."
Pp. 69-83 in Theory on Gender/Feminism on Theory, edited by
Paula
England. New York: Aldine de Gruyter. (Especially pp.
78-83.)
- Lopreato, Joseph and Timothy
Crippen. 1999. Crisis in Sociology: The Need for Darwin.
New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction.
- Nielsen, François.
1994. "Sociobiology and Sociology." Annual Review of
Sociology
20:267-303.
- Vehrencamp, Sandra L. 1983a. "Optimal Degree of Skew
in Cooperative Societies." American
Zoologist 23: 327--335.
- Verhrencamp, Sandra L. 1983b. "A Model for the
Evolution of Despotic Versus Egalitarian Societies." Animal Behavior 31: 667--682.
Module 7 (6 Oct) -- SOCIAL MOBILITY AND STATUS
ATTAINMENT
I
The Status Attainment Model and Comparative Social Mobility Research
a. Occupational Status
- Blau, Peter M. and Otis Dudley
Duncan (with Andrea Tyree). "Measuring the Status of
Occupations."
Pp. 255-259 in GRUSKY.
- Treiman, Donald J. "Occupational
Prestige in Comparative Perspective." Pp. 260-263 in GRUSKY.
- Featherman, David L. and Robert
M. Hauser. "Prestige or Socioeconomic Scales in the Study of
Occupational
Achievement?" Pp. 271-273 in GRUSKY.
- Hodge, Robert W.. "The
Measurement of Occupational Status." Pp. 273-281 in GRUSKY.
b. Status Attainment & Mobility
- Lipset, Seymour Martin, Reinhard
Bendix and Hans L. Zetterberg. "Social Mobility in Industrial
Society."
Pp. 309-319 in GRUSKY.
- Turner, Ralph H. "Sponsored and Contest Mobility and the
School System." Pp. 319--324 in GRUSKY.
- Blau, Peter M. and Otis Dudley
Duncan (with Andrea Tyree). "The Process of
Stratification."
Pp. 390-403 in GRUSKY.
- Jenks, Christopher, Marshall
Smith, Henry Acland, Mary Jo Bane, David Cohen, Herbert Gintis, Barbara
Heyns, and Stephan Michelson. "Inequality: A Reassessment of the
Effect of Family and Schooling in America." Pp. 403-409 in GRUSKY.
- Featherman, David L. and Robert
M. Hauser. "A Refined Model of Occupational Mobility." Pp.
325-335 in GRUSKY. (Read only left column of p. 325, Table 1 p.
329, Figure 1 p. 330, Section "Mobility Chances: A new Perspective" pp.
332--333.)
- Erikson, Robert and John H.
Goldthorpe. "Trends in Class Mobility: The Post-War European
Experience."
Pp. 344-372 in GRUSKY.
- Breen,
Richard, and Jan Jonsson. 2005. “Inequality of Opportunity in
Comparative
Perspective: Recent Research on Educational Attainment and Social
Mobility.” Annual Review of Sociology 31:223-43.
(If you want to know more
about the earlier literature discussed in this paper look at Ganzeboom,
Treiman and Ultee 1991 in the See also section below.)
c. Extensions of the Status Attainment Models
- Sewell, William H., Archibald
O. Haller, and Alejandro Portes. "The Educational and Early
Occupational
Attainment Process." Pp. 410-421 in GRUSKY.
- MacLeod, Jay. "Ain't
No Makin' It: Leveled Aspirations in a Low-Income Neighborhood."
Pp. 421-434 in GRUSKY.
- Bourdieu, Pierre. "Distinction:
A Social Critique of the Judgement of Taste." Pp. 499-525 in
GRUSKY.
- Granovetter, Mark S.
"The Strength of Weak Ties." Pp. 447-451 in GRUSKY.
- Lin, Nan. "Social Networks and Status Attainment."
Pp. 451-453 in GRUSKY.
- Burt, Ronald S. "Structural
Holes." Pp. 454-458 in GRUSKY.
- Mare, Robert D. "Observations on the Study of Social
Mobility and Inequality." Pp. 477--488 in GRUSKY. [Read as
document reflecting contemporary mainstream research agenda.]
****** See also:
- Blau, Peter M. and Otis
Dudley Duncan (with Andrea Tyree). 1967. The American
Occupational
Structure. New York: Wiley. (Especially Chapters 1, 2,
5, 12, and pp. 117-128.)
- Goldthorpe, John H. and Keith
Hope. "Occupational Grading and Occupational Prestige." Pp.
264-271 in GRUSKY.
- Hauser, Robert M. and John
Robert Warren. "Socioeconomic Indexes for Occupations: A Review,
Update, and Critique." Pp. 281-286 in GRUSKY.
- Nakao, Keiko. 1994.
"Updating Occupational Prestige and Socioeconomic Scores: How the New
Measures
Measure Up." Sociological Methodology 1994:1-72.
- DiPrete, Thomas and David
B. Grusky. 1990. "Structure and Trend in the Process of
Stratification
for American Men and Women." American Journal of Sociology
96:107-143.
- Grusky, David B. and Robert
M. Hauser. "Comparative Social Mobility Revisited: Models of
Convergence
and Divergence in 16 Countries." Pp. 336-343 in GRUSKY.
- Myles, John and Aage B. Sørensen.
1975. "Elite and Status Attainment Models." Canadian
Journal
of Sociology 1:75-88.
- Otto, L., and Archibald O.
Haller. 1979. "Evidence for a Social Psychological View of
the Status Attainment Process." Social Forces 57:887-914.
Module 8 (13 Oct) --
SOCIAL MOBILITY & STATUS ATTAINMENT II
The Role of Intelligence, Personality Traits & Heredity
in Social Mobility -- The Bell Curve Controversy I
a. The Bell Curve Affair
- Herrnstein, Richard and Charles
Murray. [1994] 1996. The Bell Curve. New York: Free
Press.
NOTE: There is a fairly informative summary at the beginning of
most
chapters. To save time, I assign the summary only (SU) for some
of
the chapters.
- Introduction pp. 1-24;
- Part I: The Emergence of a
Cognitive Elite pp. 25-115;
- Part II: Cognitive Classes
and Social Behavior pp. 117-125, Ch. 5 Poverty pp. 127-142, Ch. 6
Schooling
pp. 143-154, Ch. 7 Unemployment SU pp. 155-6, Ch. 8 Family Matters SU
p.
167, Ch. 9 Welfare Dependency SU p. 191, Ch. 10 Parenting SU pp. 203-4,
Ch. 11 Crime SU p. 235, Ch. 12 Civility & Citizenship SU pp. 253-4;
- Afterword (by Charles Murray)
pp. 553-75 (in the paperback edition).
- Gottfredson,
Linda S. 1997. "Mainstream Science on Intelligence: An
Editorial
With 52 Signatories, History, and Bibliography." Pp. 13-23 in Intelligence
and Social Policy,[special issue], edited by Linda S. Gottfredson. Intelligence
24 (1). [Reprinted from Wall Street Journal, 13 Dec 1994.]
- Neisser,
Ulric, Gwyneth Boodoo, Thomas J. Bouchard, A. Wade Boykin, Nathan
Brody,
Stephen J. Ceci, Diane F. Halpern, John C. Loehlin, Robert Perloff,
Robert
J. Sternberg & Susana Urbina. 1996. "Intelligence:
Knowns
and Unknowns." American Psychologist 51:77-101.
[This is a web version found at http://www.lrainc.com/swtaboo/taboos/apa_01.html
that may differ slightly from the version in American Psychologist.]
- (Optional) For more on mainstream position see Brody readings in
the See also section below
- Wikipedia
article on The Bell Curve. [Has a good history of reactions
to BC from various quarters and links to other documents of interest.]
b. Sociological Critique of The Bell Curve
- Fisher, Claude S., Michael Hout, Martín Sánchez
Jankowski, Samuel R. Lucas, Ann
Swidler,
and Kim Vos. 1996. Inequality by Design: Cracking the
Bell
Curve Myth. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
[Readings TBA]
c. Roles of Heredity & Environment
****** See also:
- Bowles, Samuel, Herbert Gintis and Melissa Osborne Groves,
eds. 2005. Unequal Chances: Family Background and
Economic Success. New York: Russell Sage Foundation and
Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
- Eckland, Bruce K. 1967.
"Genetics and Sociology: A Reconsideration." American
Sociological
Review 32: 173-194.
- Eckland, Bruce K. 1979.
“Genetic Variance in the SES-IQ Correlation.” Sociology of
Education 52:191-96.
- Brody, Nathan. 1992. Intelligence.
(2d edition.) New York: Academic Press.
- Duncan, Otis Dudley, David
L. Featherman, and Beverly Duncan. 1972. Socioeconomic
Background
and Achievement. New York: Seminar Press. (Chapter 5:
INTERVENING
VARIABLES, I: Intelligence.)
- Young, Michael D. 1961. The
Rise of the Meritocracy, 1870-2033: An Essay on Education and Equality.
Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books.
- Hauser, Robert, Howard Taylor,
and Troy Duster. 1995. "Symposium on The Bell Curve."
Contemporary
Sociology 24:149-161.
- Massey, Douglas. 1995.
Review of The Bell Curve. American Journal of Sociology
101:747-753.
- Nielsen, François.
1995. Review of The Bell Curve. Social Forces 74:337-342.
- Weakliem, David, Julia McQuillan,
and Tracy Schauer. 1995. "Toward Meritocracy?
Changing
Social-Class Differences in Intellectual Ability." Sociology
of
Education 68:271-86.
- Hauser,
Robert and Min-Hsiung Huang. 1997. "Verbal Ability and
Socioeconomic
Success: A Trend Analysis." Social Science Research
26:331-376.
- Snyderman, M., and Rothman,
S. 1987. "Survey of Expert Opinion of Intelligence and
Aptitude
Testing." American Psychologist 42:137-144.
- Jensen, Arthur R. 1998. The
g Factor: The Science of Mental Ability. Westport, CN:
Praeger.
- Arrow, Kenneth, Samuel Bowles,
and Steven Durlauf, eds. 2000. Meritocracy and Economic
Inequality. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
- Guo, Guang and Elizabeth Stearns.
2002. “The Social Influences on the Realization of Genetic
Potential
for Intellectual Development.” Social Forces 80: 881-910.
- Scarr, Sandra. 1992.
"Development Theories for the 1990s: Development and Individual
Differences."
[Society for Research in Child Development Presidential Address.] Child
Development 63:1-19.
-
Korenman,
Sanders, and Christopher Winship. 2000. "A Reanalysis of The Bell
Curve:
Intelligence, Family Background, and Schooling." Pp. 137-78. Meritocracy and Economic Inequality. Kenneth Arrow, Samuel Bowles and Steven
Durlauf,
editors. Princeton University Press.
Module 9 (27 Oct) --
ASCRIPTIVE DISTINCTIONS I: SEX/GENDER
Women's Educational and Occupational Achievements
- Female/male
hourly earnings ratios in industrial countries, 1967-90 (Blau and
Kahn 1995, Figure 3.1 p. 106)
-
Professional degrees in denstistry, medicine, and law, 1950-present, by
sex (Table 256 from NCES 2005)
- List of tables
for 2003 NCES Digest of Education Statistics
- Grusky, David B. and Maria
Charles. "Is There a Worldwide Sex Segregation
Regime?"
Pp. 689-703 in GRUSKY. [Try to skip the technical parts, focus on
substantive conclusions.]
- Murray,
Charles. 2005. "The Inequality Taboo." Fully
annotated version of an article that appeared in the September 2005
issue of Commentary. [This article is also relevant
for Module 10 on Race & Ethnic distinctions.]
- Sørensen,
Annemette. 1994. "Women, Family, and Class." Annual
Review of Sociology 20:27-47.
Several of the following readings have technical parts.
However the substantive contribution can often be gleaned without
entering the technical parts.
- Bielby, William T. "The Structure and Process of Sex
Segregation." Pp. 703--713 in GRUSKY.
- Reskin, Barbara F. "Labor Markets as Queues: A Structural
Approach to Changing Occupational Sex Composition." Pp. 719--733 in
GRUSKY.
- Petersen, Trond and Laurie A. Morgan. "The Within-Job
Gender Wage Gap." Pp. 734--742. [Especially conclusions pp.
739-741.]
- Marini, Margaret Mooney and
Pi-Ling Fan. "The Gender Gap in Earnings at Career Entry."
Pp. 743-760 in GRUSKY.
- Kilbourne, Barbara Stanek,
Paula England, George Farkas, Kurt Beron, and Dorothea Weir.
"Returns
to Skill, Compensating Differentials, and Gender Bias: Effects of
Occupational
Characteristics on the Wages of White Women and Men." Pp. 761-776
in GRUSKY.
- Tam, Tony. "Why Do Female
Occupations Pay Less?" Pp. 776-780 in GRUSKY.
See also ***
- Rosenfeld, Rachel A.
1978. "Women's Intergenerational Occupational Mobility." American
Sociological Review 43:36-46.
- Blau, Francine D. and Lawrence
M. Kahn. 1995. "The Gender Earnings Gap: Some International
Evidence." Pp. 105-143 in Differences and Changes in Wage
Structure,
edited by R. B. Freeman and L. F. Katz. Chicago, IL: University
of
Chicago Press.
- Szelényi, Szonja.
"The 'Woman Problem' in Stratification Theory and Research."
GRUSKY Pp.
681-688.
- Hartmann, Heidi. "The Unhappy Marriage of Marxism and
Feminism: Towards a More Progressive Union." Pp. 673--680.
- Jacobs, Jerry A. "Revolving Doors: Sex Segregation and
Women's Careers." Pp. 714--719..
Module 10 (3 Nov) -- DISCUSSION OF STUDENT PROJECTS
Discussion of paper/presentation projects.
Module 11 (10 Nov) -- ASCRIPTIVE
DISTINCTIONS II: RACE & ETHNICITY
a. Classical Perspectives on race & Ethnicity in the US
- Dubois on Marx and race issue in US. [This is the article
Demetrius passed along.]
- Bonacich, Edna. "A Theory
of Ethnic Antagonism: The Split Labor Market." Pp. 555-568 in
GRUSKY.
- Portes, Alejandro and Robert
D. Manning. "The Immigrant Enclave: Theory and Empirical
Examples."
Pp. 568-579.
- Lieberson, Stanley. "A Piece of the Pie: Blacks and
White Immigrants Since 1880." Pp. 580-592 in GRUSKY.
- Wilson, William Julius.
"The Declining Significance of Race: Blacks and Changing American
Institutions."
Pp. 611-623 in GRUSKY.
- Hirschman, Charles and C.
Matthew Snipp. "The State of the American Dream: Race and Ethnic
Socioeconomic Inequality in the United States, 1970-1990." Pp.
623-636
in GRUSKY. [Especially Table 2 p. 629
and Table 4 p. 632]
- Wilson, William Julius. "Jobless Poverty: A New Form
of Social Dislocation in the Inner-City Ghetto." Pp. 651-660 in
GRUSKY.
- Massey, Douglas S. and Nancy
A. Denton. "American Apartheid: Segregation and the Making of the
Underclass." Pp. 660-670 in GRUSKY.
b. The Black-White Test Score Gap
- Herrnstein, Richard and Charles
Murray. [1994] 1996. The Bell Curve. New York: Free
Press.
NOTE: There is a fairly informative summary at the beginning of
most
chapters. To save time, I assign the summary only (SU) for some
of
the chapters.
- Part III: The National Context
p. 267, Ch. 13 Ethnic Differences in Cognitive Ability pp. 269-315, Ch.
14 Ethnic Inequalities in Relation to IQ pp. 317-340, Ch. 15 The
Demography
of Intelligence SU pp. 341-2, Ch. 16 Social Behavior and the Prevalence
of Low Cognitive Ability SU p. 369;
- Part IV: Living Together pp.
387-8, Ch. 17 Raising Cognitive Ability SU pp. 389-90, Ch. 18 The
Leveling
of American Education SU pp. 417-18, Ch. 19 Affirmative Action in
Higher
Education pp. 447-77, Ch. 20 Affirmative Action in the Workplace pp.
479-508,
Ch. 21 The Way We Are Headed pp. 509-26, Ch 22 A Place for Everyone pp.
527-52 (this chapter has no summary; read lightly to get the authors'
main
drift).
- [Repeat] Afterword (by Charles Murray)
pp. 553-75 (in the paperback edition)
- Murray,
Charles. 2005. "The Inequality Taboo." Fully
annotated version of an article that appeared in the September 2005
issue of Commentary. [This article is also in Module
9 on Sex /Gender; it is the second part that is relevant here.]
- Jencks, Christopher and Meredith Phillips, eds. 1998. The
Black-White Test Score Gap. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution
Press.
- Jencks, Christopher and Meredith Phillips, eds. 1998. "The
Black-White Test Score Gap: An Introduction." Pp. 1--51. [This
very detailed introduction gives an overview of all the chapters in the
book. One good way to approach the book is to read the introduction
and then go to the chapters that seem most relevant to see the details of
the argument.]
****** See also:
The following is a recent debate about race differences:
Commentaries immediately
following previous article by:
Response by Rushton & Jensen:
The following readings are out of place; I am just
hanging them there as we are not discussing labor markets this semester.
Module 12 (17 Nov) -- INEQUALITY & DEVELOPMENT IN THE
WORLD SYSTEM: The Kuznets Curve & the Great U-Turn
I. World System & the Kuznets Curve
A. The World System Approach
B. The Kuznets Curve - Inequality
and Development
II
Current & Future Inequality Trends:
The Great U-Turn?
A. Inequality Trends in the US
B. Inequality Trends in Advanced Industrial Societies
****** See also I -- World System & the Kuznets Curve:
- Alderson,
Arthur S. and François Nielsen. 1999. "Inequality,
Development,
& Dependence: A Reconsideration." American Sociological Review
64:606-631.
- Lindert, Peter H. and Jeffrey
G. Williamson. 1985. "Growth, Equality, and History." Explorations
in Economic History 22:341-377.
- Williamson, Jeffrey G.
1991. Inequality, Poverty, and History. Cambridge, MA:
Basil
Blackwell.
- Lecaillon, Jacques, Felix
Paukert, Christian Morrisson, and Dimitri Germidis. 1984. Income
Distribution and Economic Development: An Analytical Survey.
Geneva,
Switzerland: International Labour Office. (Introduction; Chapters
1-4 [Pp. 1-114])
- Gagliani, Giorgio. 1987.
"Income Inequality and Economic Development." Annual Review of
Sociology
13:313-334.
- Nielsen, François and
Arthur S. Alderson. 1995. "Income Inequality, Development,
and Dualism: Results from an Unbalanced Cross-National Panel." American
Sociological Review 60:674-701.
- Chirot, Daniel and Thomas
Hall. 1982. "World-system Theory." Annual Review of
Sociology
8:81-106.
- Chase-Dunn, Christopher and
Peter Grimes. 1995. "World-Systems Analysis." Annual
Review of Sociology 21:387-417.
- Weede, Erich and Horst Tiefenbach.
1981. "Some Recent Explanations of Income Inequality: An
Evaluation
and Critique." International Studies Quarterly 25:
255-282.
- Sullivan, Gerard. 1983.
"Uneven Development and National Income Inequality in Third World
Countries:
A Cross-National Study of the Effects of External Economic Dependence."
Sociological
Perspectives 26: 201-231.
- Firebaugh, Glen. 1992.
"Growth Effects of Foreign and Domestic Investment." American
Journal of Sociology 98:105-130.
- Dixon, William J. and
Terry Boswell. 1996. "Dependency, Disarticulation, and
Denominator
Effects: Another Look at Foreign Capital Penetration." American
Journal of Sociology 102:543-62.
- Firebaugh, Glen. 1996.
"Does Foreign Capital Harm Poor Nations? New Estimates Based on
Dixon
and Boswell's Measure of Capital Penetration." American
Journal
of Sociology 102:563-75
****** See also II -- Inequality Trends in Advanced Industrial Societies
- Lindert, Peter H. 2000.
"Three Centuries of Inequality in Britain and America." Pp.
167-216
in Handbook of Income Distribution, Volume 1, edited by Anthony
B. Atkinson and François Bourguignon. Amsterdam,
Netherlands:
Elsevier Science.
- Nee,
Victor. "Postsocialist Stratification." Pp. 846-852
in GRUSKY.
- Gustafsson, Bjorn and Mats
Johannson. 1999. "In Search of Smoking Guns: What Makes
Income
Inequality Vary Over Time in Different Countries?" American
Sociological
Review 64:585-605.
- Levy, Frank and Richard G.
Michel. 1991. The Economic Future of American Families:
Income and Wealth Trends. Washington, DC: Urban Institute
Press.
(Chapters 1-4, Chapter 8 [Pp. 1-42, 117-130])
- Levy, Frank and Richard J.
Murnane. 1992. "U. S. Earnings Levels and Earnings
Inequality:
A Review of Recent Trends and Proposed Explanations." Journal of
Economic
Literature 30:1333-1381.
- Harrison, Bennett and Barry
Bluestone. 1988. The Great U-Turn: Corporate
Restructuring
and the Polarizing of America. New York: Basic Books.
- Bluestone, Barry. 1990.
"The Great U-Turn Revisited: Economic Restructuring, Jobs, and the
Redistribution
of Earnings." Pp. 7-37 in John D. Kasarda (ed.) Jobs,
Earnings,
and Employment Growth Policies in the United States. Boston:
Kluwer Academic Publishers.
- Nielsen, François and
Arthur S. Alderson. 1997. "The Kuznets Curve and the Great
U-Turn: Income Inequality in U.S. Counties, 1970 to 1990." American
Sociological Review 62:12-33.
- Morris, Martina and Bruce
Western. 1999. "Inequality in Earnings at the Close of the
Twentieth Century." Annual Review of Sociology 25: 623-657.
[This is the more detailed article on which the short chapter in GRUSKY
2001 is based.]
- Gouldner, Alvin W. "The
Future of Intellectuals and the Rise of the New Class." (Pp.
817-830
in GRUSKY 2001)
Module 13 (1 Dec) -- STUDENT PRESENTATIONS
Last modified 13 Nov 2006