soci230 - social stratification

University of North Carolina
Chapel Hill

SOCI 230 - SOCIAL STRATIFICATION

Professor François NIELSEN
Spring 2001

1. TIME, PLACE & CONTACTS

CLASSES MEET

Hamilton 151
Fri 9:00-11:30 AM

PROFESSOR

François Nielsen - Email: francois_nielsen@unc.edu Office: Hamilton 206 Hours: by appointment Phone: 919-962-5064
Home page - http://www.unc.edu/~nielsen/

2. DESCRIPTION & GOALS

The course covers major classical and current approaches to social stratification in sociology, with some special emphasis on evolutionary approaches and issues related to the evolution of social inequality with industrial development. The class is organized as a seminar: students are expected to do the readings assigned for each period and to participate in class discussions. The attached reading list details the readings and the class period by which they should be read. "See also" readings are only suggestions and are not required for this course.
The goals of this course are for class participants

to understand major substantive issues involved in social stratification research
to gain this understanding by becoming acquainted with the major world views, theorie, models, methods, and people involved in stratification research; this knowledge should go a long way toward enabling students to launch a research project of their own on a social stratification topic
to acquire a solid basis for preparing the Ph.D. field exam in social stratification

3. ABOUT THE READINGS

The following books will be available at Student Stores.

Grusky, David B. 1995. Social Stratification: Class, Race, and Gender in Sociological Perspective. Boulder, CO: Westview Press. ISBN: 0813310652 Binding: paper
Lenski, Gerhard. [1966] 1984. Power & Privilege. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press. ISBN: 0807841196 Binding: paper
Herrnstein, Richard and Charles Murray. [1994] 1996. The Bell Curve: Intelligence and Class Structure in American Life. New York: Free Press. ISBN: 0684824299 Binding: paper
Blau, Peter M. and Otis D. Duncan. 1978. The American Occupational Structure. (Edited by Andrea Tyree.) Simon & Schuster/Free Press. ISBN 0029036704. Binding: paper

Many of the readings are found in the reader Social Stratification edited by David B. Grusky. I refer to that book simply as GRUSKY. Other readings can be found in sociology periodicals, which are available in the Political Science-Sociology Library located in Hamilton 271. Still other readings listed below will be progressively put on reserve in the Library during the semester and/or will be set up on the web as *.pdf files accessible under Documents in the side bar. Some of these texts will be protected by a password that will be communicated to class participants. You are encouraged to share books and articles. Let me know if you have trouble obtaining any of the readings.
The field of social stratification is vast, so the works on this list represent only highlights of the important works in stratification. The reading list for the Ph.D. field examination in Social Stratification provides a more comprehensive bibliography.

4. REQUIREMENTS

The course has the following requirements.

Readings & Class Participation. You need to do the readings for the day and to think about the questions on them so you can participate in class discussion and other activities. Different subsets of students will have special responsability for each day's readins. Questions on the readings will be posted on the web under Class Notes in side bar.
Take-home exam. A take-home essay-type exam with questions similar to those on the doctoral exam in Social Stratification will be given. You will have two weeks to complete it. I will release the exam on Fri 30 Mar. It will be due on Fri 20 Apr.
Paper. A paper on some topic related to stratification is required, due on the day of the normally scheduled final exam (Fri 4 May). I wish to allow maximum flexibility in the choice of topic:

the paper may be theoretical or empirical, or both
it does not need to be "original research" -- it can consist of a review and synthesis of a specific topic/literature
it does not need to be done exclusively for this class -- it can do double-duty as a Master's thesis, a dissertation proposal, or even a paper for another class (with the other instructor's permission), as long as it is on a stratification topic
co-authored papers are allowed and encouraged
talk to me about other specifications you would like to propose

Presentation. A presentation of either literature not covered elsewhere in the course and relevant to your paper or the paper itself. Such presentations are often useful in helping people refine their ideas. Presentations will be in conference format, lasting 15-20 minutes, with a few minutes for questions and discussion.

The weights of these requirements in your garde for the course will be 50% for the paper, 25% for the take-home exam, and 25% for the presentation and class participation.

5. OUTLINE & SCHEDULE

CLASS # -- 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14

CLASS # 1 -- 12 Jan

1. INTRODUCTION

Grusky, David B. "The Contours of Stratification". (Pp. 3-35 in GRUSKY.) "The Past, Present, and Future of Social Inequality." (Pp. 1-51 in GRUSKY 2001)

CLASS # 2 -- 19 Jan

2. MARXIAN APPROACH & NEOCLASSICAL CRITIQUE

Marx, Karl (some with Friedrich Engels) (Pp. 65-82 in GRUSKY) (Pp. 87-105 in GRUSKY 2001)

"Alienation and Social Classes."
"Classes in Capitalism and Pre-Capitalism."
"Ideology and Class."
"Value and Surplus Value."

Wright, Erik Olin:

"Varieties of Marxist Conceptions of Class Structure." (Pp. 94-98 in GRUSKY) (Pp. 112-116 in GRUSKY 2001)
"A General Framework for the Analysis of Class Structure." (Pp. 98-110 in GRUSKY) (Pp. 116-128 in GRUSKY 2001)

Lenski, Gerhard. "New Light on Old Issues: The Relevance of 'Really Existing Socialist Societies' for Stratification Theory." (Pp. 55-61 in GRUSKY) (Pp. 77-84 in GRUSKY 2001)
Samuelson, Paul. 1967. Economics: An Introductory Analysis. New York: McGraw-Hill. [Chapter 29 - Competitive Wages & Collective Bargaining, Pp. 542-569. Especially pp. 542-553.]

****** See also:

Burawoy, Michael. 1982. "Introduction: The Resurgences of Marxism in American Sociology." Pp. S1-S30 in Marxist Inquiries (Supplement to American Journal of Sociology 88), edited by Michael Burawoy and Theda Skocpol.
Burawoy, Michael. 1990. "Marxism as Science." American Sociological Review 55:775-793.

CLASS # 3 -- 26 Jan

3. RESPONSES TO MARX: WEBER AND ELITE THEORISTS

a. Max Weber and Other Economic Approaches

Weber, Max:

"Class, Status, and Party." (Pp. 113-122 in GRUSKY) (Pp. 132-142 in GRUSKY 2001)
"Status Groups and Classes." (Pp. 122-126 in GRUSKY) (Pp. 142-145 in GRUSKY 2001)

Parkin, Frank. "Marxism and Class Theory: A Bourgeois Critique." (Pp. 141-154 in GRUSKY) (Pp. 162-177 in GRUSKY 2001)
Sørensen, Aage B. 1996. "The Structural Basis of Social Inequality." American Journal of Sociology 101:1333-1365.

b. Elite/Ruling Class Theorists

Mosca, Gaetano. "The Ruling Class." (Pp. 155-161 in GRUSKY) (Pp. 195-201 in GRUSKY 2001)
Pareto, Vilfredo. "Elites and Their Circulation." Pp. 34-39 in Heller, C. 1987. Structured Social Inequality. 2nd ed. New York: MacMillan.
C. Wright Mills. "The Power Elite." (Pp. 161-170 in GRUSKY) (Pp. 202-212 in GRUSKY 2001)
Useem, Michael. "The Inner Circle." (Pp. 175-183 in GRUSKY) (Pp. 223-232 in GRUSKY 2001)

c. Dahrendorf and Authority

Dahrendorf, Ralph. "Class and Class Conflict in Industrial Society." (Pp. 82-93 in GRUSKY) (Pp. 162-177 in GRUSKY 2001)

****** See also:

Pareto, Vilfredo. [1927] 1971. Manual of Political Economy. (Translated by Ann S. Schwier.) New York: Augustus M. Kelley. (Chapter VII Paragraphs 11-31 [ pp. 284-293])

Cammack, Paul. 1990. "A Critical Assessment of the New Elite Paradigm." American Sociological Review 55:415-420. [Reply by John Higley et al.: Pp. 421-426.]

Giddens, Anthony. 1973. The Class Structure of the Advanced Societies. NY: Harper and Row.

Domhof, William. 1978. The Powers That Be. Vintage Books. (Preface, Chapter 1 & 3.)

Robinson, Robert and Jonathan Kelley. 1979. "Class as conceived by Marx and Dahrendorf." American Sociological Review 44:38-58.

Whitt, J. Allen. 1979. "Toward a class-dialectic model of power." American Sociological Review 44,:81-100.

Halaby, Charles N. and David L. Weakliem. 1993. “Ownership and authority in the earnings function: Alternative specifications.” American Sociological Review 58:16-30. (Also comment by E.O. Wright and reply by Halaby, pp. 31-36.)

CLASS # 4 -- 2 Feb

4. FUNCTIONALIST APPROACH

Davis, Kingsley and Wilbert Moore. "Some Principles of Stratification." (Pp. 39-46 in GRUSKY) (Pp. 55-63 in GRUSKY 2001)
Simpson, Richard. 1956. "A Modification of the Functional Theory of Social Stratification." Social Forces 35:132-137.
Stinchcome, Arthur. 1968. "Functional Causal Imagery." Pp. 80-101 in Constructing Social Theories. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
Stinchcombe, Arthur. 1963. "Some Empirical Consequences of the Davis-Moore Theory of Stratification." American Sociological Review 28:805-808.

****** See also:

Tumin, Melvin M.. "Some Principles of Stratification: A Critical Analysis." (Pp. 47 -54 in GRUSKY) (Pp. 65-73 in GRUSKY 2001)
Cullen, John and Shelley Novick. 1979. "The Davis-Moore Theory of Stratification: A Further Examination and Extension." American Journal of Sociology 84:1424-1437.
Johnson, Miriam. 1993. "Functionalism and Feminism: Is Estrangement Necessary?" Chapter 6 in Theory on Gender/Feminism on Theory, edited by paula England. New York: Aldine de Gruyter.

5. FORMAL STRUCTURAL THEORIES

Blau, Peter M. 1980. "A Fable About Social Structure." Social Forces 58:3 (march):777-788.
Kanter, Rosabeth. 1977. "Some Effects of Proportions on Group Life." American Journal of Sociology 82:965-990.
South, Scott J., Charles M. Bonjean, William T. Markham, and Judy Corder. 1982. "Social Structure and Intergroup Interaction." American Sociological Review 47:587-599.

****** See also:

Blau, Peter M. and Joseph Schwartz. 1984. Cross-Cutting Social Circles. New York: Academic Press. (Chapters 1-3 except Pp. 67-79; Pp. 173-182; Chapter 8.)
Blau, Peter M. 1994. Structural Contexts of Opportunities. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. (Especially chapters 1-3 [pp. 1-89].)
Blau, Peter M. 1995. "A Circuitous Path to Macrostructural Theory." Annual Review of Sociology 21:1-19.
Guttentag, Marcia and Paul Secord. 1983. Too Many Women? Sage. (Especially Pp. 13-33, 153-171.)
Frisbie, W. Parker and Lisa Niedert. 1977. "Inequality and the Relative Size of Minority Populations: A Comparative Analysis." American Journal of Sociology 82:1007-30.
South, Scott J. and Katherine Trent. 1988. "Sex Ratios and Women's Roles." American Journal of Sociology 93:1096-1115.
Blalock, Herbert M., Jr. 1991. Understanding Social Inequality: Modeling Allocation Processes. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.

CLASS # 5 -- 9 Feb

6. EVOLUTIONARY APPROACHES

Lenski, Gerhard. [1966] 1983. Power and Privilege: A Theory of Stratification. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press. (Prefaces, Chapters 2-4, 13; peruse Chapters 5-12 to understand the organization of the book.)
Blumberg, Rae. 1978. Stratification: Socioeconomic and Sexual Inequality. Dubuque, Iowa: WM. C. Brown. (Chapters 1-5 [Pp. 1-62]. The discussion of apes in Chapter 1 is dated; more about this in class.)

Lopreato, Joseph and Timothy Crippen. 1999. Crisis in Sociology: The Need for Darwin. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction.

****** See also:

Chafetz, Janet Saltzman. 1984. Sex and Advantage. Totowa, NJ: Rowman & Allanheld.)
Blumberg, Rae. 1984. "A General Theory of Gender Stratification." Pp. 23-101 in Sociological Theory, edited by Randall Collins. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
Dunn, Dana, Elizabeth Almquist, and Janet Saltzman Chafetz. 1993. "Macrostructural Perspectives on Gender Inequality: Economic Factors and Gender Stratification." Pp. 69-83 in Theory on Gender/Feminism on Theory, edited by Paula England. New York: Aldine de Gruyter. (Especially pp. 78-83.)
Lenski, Gerhard. 1994. "Societal Taxonomies: Mapping the Social Universe." Annual Review of Sociology 20:1-26.
Wilson, Margo and Martin Daly. 1992. "The Man Who Mistook His Wife For a Chattel." Pp. 289-322 in The Adapted Mind: Evolutionary Psychology and the Generation of Culture, edited by Jerome H. Barkow, Leda Cosmides, and John Tooby. New York: Oxford University Press.
Lopreato, Joseph and Timothy Crippen. 1999. Crisis in Sociology: The Need for Darwin. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction.

Chapter 4 - Darwin's Theory of Natural Selection (Pp. 83-100)
Chapter 5 - Elements of Evolutionary Behavioral Science (Pp 101-134)

Nielsen, François. 1994. "Sociobiology and Sociology." Annual Review of Sociology 20:267-303.

CLASS # 6 -- 16 Feb

7. SOCIAL MOBILITY AND STATUS ATTAINMENT

A. Social Mobility in Industrial Society - The Status Attainment Model and Later Mobility Research

Lipset, Seymour Martin, Reinhard Bendix and Hans L. Zetterberg. "Social Mobility in Industrial Society." (Pp. 250-259 in GRUSKY) (Pp. 309-319 in GRUSKY 2001)
Blau, Peter M. and Otis Dudley Duncan (with Andrea Tyree)

"Measuring the Status of Occupations." (Pp. 204-208 in GRUSKY) (Pp. 255-259 in GRUSKY 2001)
"The Process of Stratification." (Pp. 317-329 in GRUSKY) (Pp. 390-403 in GRUSKY 2001)

OR: Blau, Peter M. and Otis Dudley Duncan (with Andrea Tyree). 1967. The American Occupational Structure. New York: Wiley. (Especially Chapters 1, 2, 5, 12, and pp. 117-128.)
Sewell, William H., Archibald O. Haller, and Alejandro Portes. "The Educational and Early Occupational Attainment Process." (Pp. 336-346 in GRUSKY) (Pp. 410-421 in GRUSKY 2001)
Erikson, Robert and John H. Goldthorpe. "Trends in Class Mobility: The Post-War European Experience." (Pp. 289-316 in GRUSKY) (Pp. 344-372 in GRUSKY 2001)
Ganzeboom, Harry, Donald Treiman, and Wout C. Ultee. 1991. "Comparative Intergenerational Stratification Research." Annual Review of Sociology 17:277-302. (This is a review of the whole literature. The distinction of the several phases of stratification research is important.)
Hauser, Robert M. and John Robert Warren. "Socioeconomic Indexes for Occupations: A Review, Update, and Critique." (Pp. 281-286 in GRUSKY 2001)

****** See also:

Hodge, Robert W.. "The Measurement of Occupational Status." (Pp. 221-228 in GRUSKY.)
Nakao, Keiko. 1994. "Updating Occupational Prestige and Socioeconomic Scores: How the New Measures Measure Up." Sociological Methodology 1994:1-72.

CLASS # 7 -- 23 Feb

B. Extensions, Qualifications & Critiques of Status Attainment Models

Featherman, David L. and Robert M. Hauser. "A Refined Model of Occupational Mobility." (Pp. 265-275 in GRUSKY.) (Pp. 325-335 in GRUSKY 2001)
Sorensen, Annemette. 1994. "Women, Family, and Class." Annual Review of Sociology 20:27-47.
MacLeod, Jay. "Ain't No Makin' It: Leveled Aspirations in a Low-Income Neighborhood." (Pp. 347-358 in GRUSKY) (Pp. 421-434 in GRUSKY 2001)
Bourdieu, Pierre. "Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judgement of Taste." (Pp. 404-429 in GRUSKY) (Pp. 499-525 in GRUSKY 2001)
Scarr, Sandra and Richard A. Weinberg. 1978. "The Influence of 'Family Background' on Intellectual Attainment." American Sociological Review 43:674-692.

****** See also:

DiPrete, Thomas and David B. Grusky. 1990. Structure and Trend in the Process of Stratification for American Men and Women." American Journal of Sociology 96:107-143.
Grusky, David B. and Robert M. Hauser. "Comparative Social Mobility Revisited: Models of Convergence and Divergence in 16 Countries." (Pp. 275-289 in GRUSKY.) (Pp. 336-343 in GRUSKY 2001)
Otto, L., and Archibald O. Haller. 1979. "Evidence for a Social Psychological View of the Status Attainment Process." Social Forces 57:887-914.
Myles, John and Aage B. Sorensen. 1975. "Elite and Status Attainment Models." Canadian Journal of Sociology 1:75-88.
Szelenyi, Szonja. "Women and the Class Structure." (Pp. 577-582 in GRUSKY) OR "The 'Woman Problem' in Stratification Theory and Research." (Pp. 681-688 in GRUSKY 2001)
Rosenfeld, Rachel A. 1978. "Women's Intergenerational Ocupational Mobility." American Sociological Review 43:36-46.
Jenks, Christopher, Marshall Smith, Henry Acland, Mary Jo Bane, David Cohen, Herbert Gintis, Barbara Heyns, and Stephan Michelson. "Inequality: A Reassessment of the Effect of Family and Schooling in America." (Pp. 329-335 in GRUSKY.) (Pp. 403-409 in GRUSKY 2001)
Scarr, Sandra. 1992. "Development Theories for the 1990s: Development and Individual Differences." (Society for Research in Child Development Presidential Address.) Child Development 63:1-19.

CLASS # 8 -- 2 Mar

C. The Role of Intelligence in Mobility & the Bell Curve Controversy

Herrnstein, Richard and Charles Murray. [1994] 1996. The Bell Curve. New York: Free Press. NOTE: There is a fairly informative summary at the beginning of most chapters. To save time, I assign the summary only (SU) for some of the chapters.

Introduction pp. 1-24;
Part I: The Emergence of a Cognitive Elite pp. 25-115;
Part II: Cognitive Classes and Social Behavior pp. 117-125, Ch. 5 Poverty pp. 127-142, Ch. 6 Schooling pp. 143-154, Ch. 7 Unemployment SU pp. 155-6, Ch. 8 Family Matters SU p. 167, Ch. 9 Welfare Dependency SU p. 191, Ch. 10 Parenting SU pp. 203-4, Ch. 11 Crime SU p. 235, Ch. 12 Civility & Citizenship SU pp. 253-4;
Part III: The National Context p. 267, Ch. 13 Ethnic Differences in Cognitive Ability pp. 269-315, Ch. 14 Ethnic Inequalities in Relation to IQ pp. 317-340, Ch. 15 The Demography of Intelligence SU pp. 341-2, Ch. 16 Social Behavior and the Prevalence of Low Cognitive Ability SU p. 369;
Part IV: Living Together pp. 387-8, Ch. 17 Raising Cognitive Ability SU pp. 389-90, Ch. 18 The Leveling of American Education SU pp. 417-18, Ch. 19 Affirmative Action in Higher Education pp. 447-77, Ch. 20 Affirmative Action in the Workplace pp. 479-508, Ch. 21 The Way We Are Headed pp. 509-26, Ch 22 A Place for Everyone pp. 527-52 (this chapter has no summary; read lightly to get the authors' main drift).
Afterword (by Charles Murray) pp. 553-75 (in the paperback edition).

Arvey, Richard D. et al. 1994. "Mainstream Science on Intelligence." Wall Street Journal, December 13. See Gottfredson, Linda S. 1997. "Mainstream Science on Intelligence: An Editorial With 52 Signatories, History, and Bibliography." Pp. 13-23 in Special Issue onIntelligence and Social Policy, guest-edited by Linda S. Gottfredson, Intelligence 24, No 1.

****** See also:

Duncan, Otis Dudley, David L. Featherman, and Beverly Duncan. 1972. Socioeconomic Background and Achievement. New York: Seminar Press. (Chapter 5: INTERVENING VARIABLES, I: Intelligence.)
Young, Michael D. 1961. The Rise of the Meritocracy, 1870-2033: An Essay on Education and Equality. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books.
Hauser, Robert, Howard Taylor, and Troy Duster. 1995. "Symposium on The Bell Curve." Contemporary Sociology 24:149-161.
Massey, Douglas. 1995. Review of The Bell Curve. American Journal of Sociology 101:747-753.
Nielsen, François. 1995. Review of The Bell Curve. Social Forces 74:337-342.
Weakliem, David, Julia McQuillan, and Tracy Schauer. 1995. "Toward Meritocracy? Changing Social-Class Differences in Intellectual Ability." Sociology of Education 68:271-86.
Hauser, Robert and Min-Hsiung Huang. 1997. "Verbal Ability and Socioeconomic Success: A Trend Analysis." Social Science Research 26:331-376.
Neisser, U., Boodoo, G., Bouchard, T.J., Boykin, A.W., Brody, N., Ceci, S.J., Halpern, D.f., Loehlin, J.C., Perloff, R., Sternberg, R.J., & Urbina, S. 1996. "Intelligence: Knowns and Unknowns." American Psychologist 51:77-101.
Snyderman, M., and Rothman, S. 1987. "Survey of Expert Opinion of Intelligence and Aptitude Testing." American Psychologist 42:137-144.
Jensen, Arthur R. 1998. The g Factor: The Science of Mental Ability. Westport, CN: Praeger.
Fisher, Claude S., Michael Hout, Martín Sánchez Jankowski, Samuel R. Lucas, Ann Swidler, and Kim Vos. 1996. Inequality by Design: Cracking the Bell Curve Myth. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Arrow, Kenneth, Samuel Bowles, and Steven Durlauf, eds. 2000. Meritocracy and Economic Inequality. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

CLASS # 9 -- 9 Mar -- X

Nielsen out of town - no class

CLASS # 10 -- 23 Mar

8. LABOR MARKETS AND/OR ASCRIPTIVE DISTINCTIONS

Kalleberg, Arne and Aage B. Sørensen. 1979. "The Sociology of Labor Markets." Annual Review of Sociology 5:351-379.
Hirschman, Charles and C. Matthew Snipp. "The State of the American Dream: Race and Ethnic Socioeconomic Inequality in the United States, 1970-1990." (Pp. 623-636 in GRUSKY 2001) [Especially Table 2 p. 629 and Table 4 p. 632]
Wilson, William Julius. "The Declinig Significance of Race: Blacks and Changing American Institutions." (Pp. 520-531 in GRUSKY) (Pp. 611-623 in GRUSKY 2001)
Massey, Douglas S. and Nancy A. Denton. "American Apartheid: Segregation and the Making of the Underclass." (Pp. 660-670 in GRUSKY 2001)
Bonacich, Edna. "A Theory of Ethnic Antagonism: The Split Labor Market." (Pp. 474-486 in GRUSKY) (Pp. 555-568 in GRUSKY 2001)
Nielsen, François. 1985. "Toward a Theory of Ethnic Solidarity in Modern Societies." American Sociological Review 50:133-145.
Female/male hourly earnings ratios in industrial countries, 1967-90 (Blau and Kahn 1995, Figure 3.1 p. 106)
Marini, Margaret Mooney and Pi-Ling Fan. "The Gender Gap in Earnings at Career Entry." (Pp. 743-760 in GRUSKY 2001)
Kilbourne, Barbara Stanek, Paula England, George Farkas, Kurt Beron, and Dorothea Weir. "Returns to Skill, Compensating Differentials, and Gender Bias: Effects of Occupational Characteristics on the Wages of White Women and Men." (Pp. 761-776 in GRUSKY 2001)

****** See also:

Hannan, Michael T. "Dynamics of Ethnic Boundaries." (Pp. 500-508 in GRUSKY)
Szelényi, Szonja. "Women and the Class Structure" (Pp. 577-582 in GRUSKY) OR "The 'Woman Problem' in Stratification Theory and Research." (Pp. 681-688 in GRUSKY 2001)
Polachek, Solomon W. and W. Stanley Siebert. "Gender in the Labour Market." (Pp. 583-589 in GRUSKY)
Blau, Francine D. and Lawrence M. Kahn. 1995. "The Gender Earnings Gap: Some International Evidence." Pp. 105-143 in Differences and Changes in Wage Structure, edited by R. B. Freeman and L. F. Katz. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
Grusky, David B. and Maria Charles. "Is There a Worldwide Sex Segregation Regime?" (Pp. 689-703 in GRUSKY 2001)

9. ORGANIZATIONS AND STRATIFICATION

Baron, James. 1984. "Organizational Perspectives on Stratification." Annual Review of Sociology 10:37-69.

CLASS # 11 -- 30 Mar

10. THE WORLD SYSTEM, DEVELOPMENT, & INEQUALITY: THE KUZNET CURVE AND THE GREAT U-TURN

A. The World System Approach

Wallerstein, Immanuel. 1972. "Three Paths of National Development in 16th Century Europe." Studies in Comparative National Development 7:95-101.
Bornschier, Volker and Christopher Chase-Dunn. 1985. Transnational Corporations and Underdevelopment. New York: Praeger. (Chapters 2 and 8 [Pp. 22-34 and 117-130].)
Firebaugh, Glen. 1999. "Empirics of World Income Inequality." American Journal of Sociology 104:1597-1630.

B. The Kuznets Curve - Inequality and Development

Kuznets, Simon. [1955] 1965. "Economic Growth and Income Inequality." Pp. 257-287 in Economic Growth and Structure. New York: Norton. (Originally published in 1955 in American Economic Review 45:1-28.)
Nielsen,François. 1994. "Income Inequality and Industrial Development: Dualism Revisited." American Sociological Review 59: 654-677.
Alderson, Arthur S. and François Nielsen. 1999. "Inequality, Development, & Dependence: A Reconsideration." American Sociological Review 64:606-631.
Kerr, Clark, John T. Dunlop, Frederick H. Harbison, and Charles A. Myers. "Industrialism and Industrial Man." (Pp. 659-669 in GRUSKY) (Pp. 793-804 in GRUSKY 2001)
Esping-Andersen, Gosta. "Postindustrial Cleavage Structures: A Comparison of Evolving Patterns of Social Stratification in Germany, Sweden, and the United States." (Pp. 697-707 in GRUSKY)
OR Esping-Andersen, Gosta. "Social Foundations of Postindustrial Economies." (Pp. 830-845 in GRUSKY 2001)

****** See also:

Lindert, Peter H. and Jeffrey G. Williamson. 1985. "Growth, Equality, and History." Explorations in Economic History 22:341-377.
Williamson, Jeffrey G. 1991. Inequality, Poverty, and History. Cambridge, MA: Basil Blackwell.
Lecaillon, Jacques, Felix Paukert, Christian Morrisson, and Dimitri Germidis. 1984. Income Distribution and Economic Development: An Analytical Survey. Geneva, Switzerland: International Labour Office. (Introduction; Chapters 1-4 [Pp. 1-114])
Gagliani, Giorgio. 1987. "Income Inequality and Economic Development." Annual Review of Sociology 13:313-334.
Nielsen, François and Arthur S. Alderson. 1995. "Income Inequality, Development, and Dualism: Results from an Unbalanced Cross-National Panel." American Sociological Review 60:674-701.
Chirot, Daniel and Thomas Hall. 1982. "World-system Theory." Annual Review of Sociology 8:81-106.
Chase-Dunn, Christopher and Peter Grimes. 1995. "World-Systems Analysis." Annual Review of Sociology 21:387-417.
Weede, Erich and Horst Tiefenbach. 1981. "Some Recent Explanations of Income Inequality: An Evaluation and Critique." International Studies Quarterly 25: 255-282.
Sullivan, Gerard. 1983. "Uneven Development and National Income Inequality in Third World Countries: A Cross-National Study of the Effects of External Economic Dependence." Sociological Perspectives 26: 201-231.
Firebaugh, Glen. 1992. "Growth Effects of Foreign and Domestic Investment." American Journal of Sociology 98:105-130.
Dixon, William J. and Terry Boswell. 1996. "Dependency, Disarticulation, and Denominator Effects: Another Look at Foreign Capital Penetration." American Journal of Sociology 102:543-62.
Firebaugh, Glen. 1996. "Does Foreign Capital Harm Poor Nations? New Estimates Based on Dixon and Boswell's Measure of Capital Penetration." American Journal of Sociology 102:563-75

CLASS # 12 -- 6 Apr -- X

Nielsen at SSS Meetings in Atlanta - no class

CLASS # 13 -- 20 Apr

C. The Great U-Turn - Current & Future Inequality Trends

Nielsen, François and Arthur S. Alderson. 2001 (in press). "Trends in Income Inequality in the United States." Pp. 355-385 in Sourcebook on Labor Markets: Evolving Structures and Processes, edited by Ivar Berg and Arne L. Kalleberg. New York: Plenum.
Morris, Martina and Bruce Western. "Inequality in Earnings: Trends and Implications." (Pp. 875-880 in GRUSKY 2001)
Lindert, Peter H. 2000. "Three Centuries of Inequality in Britain and America." Pp. 167-216 in Handbook of Income Distribution, Volume 1, edited by Anthony B. Atkinson and François Bourguignon. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier Science.
Alderson, Arthur S. and François Nielsen. 2001. "Globalization and the Great U-Turn: Income Inequality Trends in 16 OECD Countries." Presented at the Re-Inventing Society in a Changing Global Economy conference at the University of Toronto, Ontario. 8-10 March.
(Presentation version of previous.)
Bell, Daniel. "The Coming of Post-Industrial Society." (Pp. 686-697 in GRUSKY) (Pp. 805-817 in GRUSKY 2001)
Nee, Victor. "Postsocialist Stratification." (Pp. 846-852 in GRUSKY 2001)

****** See also:

Gustafsson, Bjorn and Mats Johannson. 1999. "In Search of Smoking Guns: What Makes Income Inequality Vary Over Time in Different Countries?" American Sociological Review 64:585-605.
Levy, Frank and Richard G. Michel. 1991. The Economic Future of American Families: Income and Wealth Trends. Washington, DC: Urban Institute Press. (Chapters 1-4, Chapter 8 [Pp. 1-42, 117-130])
Levy, Frank and Richard J. Murnane. 1992. "U. S. Earnings Levels and Earnings Inequality: A Review of Recent Trends and Proposed Explanations." Journal of Economic Literature 30:1333-1381.
Harrison, Bennett and Barry Bluestone. 1988. The Great U-Turn: Corporate Restructuring and the Polarizing of America. New York: Basic Books.
Bluestone, Barry. 1990. "The Great U-Turn Revisited: Economic Restructuring, Jobs, and the Redistribution of Earnings." Pp. 7-37 in John D. Kasarda (ed.) Jobs, Earnings, and Employment Growth Policies in the United States. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Nielsen, François and Arthur S. Alderson. 1997. "The Kuznets Curve and the Great U-Turn: Income Inequality in U.S. Counties, 1970 to 1990." American Sociological Review 62:12-33.
Morris, Martina and Bruce Western. 1999. "Inequality in Earnings at the Close of the Twentieth Century." Annual Review of Sociology 25: 623-657. [This is a much more detailed article on which the short chapter in GRUSKY 2001 is based.]
Gouldner, Alvin W. "The Future of Intellectuals and the Rise of the New Class." (Pp. 711-722 in GRUSKY) (Pp. 817-830 in GRUSKY 2001)

CLASS # 14 -- 27 Apr

11. PAPER PRESENTATIONS

To be scheduled.

Last modified 26 Mar 2001