Stephen M. Rappaport
Professor

Education

Experience
7/90 - Present
Professor of Occupational Health, Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, School of Public Health University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina

Graduate-level teaching and research in occupational and environmental health. Research interests include: the relationship between chemical exposure and disease (especially cancer), the development and evaluation of statistical approaches for evaluating exposures, and the development of assays for measuring genotoxic chemicals or their products in air and biological samples.

Program Director for the NIOSH Educational Resource Center (1990-1995).

9/76 - 7/90
Professor (1989-1990); Associate Professor (1982-1989); Assistant Professor (1976-1982) Department of Biomedical and Environmental Health Sciences School of Public Health University of California, Berkeley, California

Conducted graduate teaching and research in occupational and environmental health. Research involved the development of methods for assessing human exposures to toxic chemicals and the resulting doses received over time.

Program Director for Health Effects Component of Toxic Chemicals Research and Teaching Program (1985-1990). This was a major University of California program for investigating toxic chemicals in the environment. It provided support for doctoral and post-doctoral training and research.

Program Director for the Industrial Hygiene Component of the Northern California Educational Resource Center (1982-1990). This NIOSH-sponsored program in Industrial Hygiene consisted of faculty/staff FTE, and graduated about 10 masters' and two doctoral students each year.

8/74 - 9/76
Staff member University of California Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory Los Alamos, New Mexico

Work associated with contract from National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health to develop sampling and analytical methods for fourteen organic carcinogens. Specific research involved development of sampling procedures (for respirable aerosols and vapors) which were compatible with sensitive GC and HPLC detection systems.

8/71- 8/74
Occupational Health Trainee Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, School of Public Health University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, North Carolina

Received the M.S.P.H. degree (1973) and Ph.D. (1974) in the Air and Industrial Hygiene Program Area. Work was associated with the Comprehensive Occupational Health Survey of the Rubber Industry initiated in 1971. Dissertation involved the GC-MS identification of rubber vulcanization effluents.

9/69 - 8/71
Analytical Chemist Hazleton Laboratories, Inc. Environmental Sciences Laboratory 9200 Leesburg Pike, Vienna, Virginia

Representative studies included pesticide residue analysis in plant and animal tissues, organic solvent analysis of industrial hygiene and source samples, and trace metal analysis of various sample types.

Professional Societies
American Association for Cancer Research
American Industrial Hygiene Association
British Occupational Hygiene Society
American Academy of Industrial Hygiene
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists
Alpha Chi Sigma (Professional Chemistry)

Service - Related Activities
1997 - present, North American Editor, Annals of Occupational Hygiene
1993 - present, Editorial Board, Occupational Hygiene: Risk Management of Occupational Hazards
1995 - present, Editorial Board: Biomarkers: Biochemical Indicators of Exposure, Response and Susceptibility to Chemicals
1977 - present, ABIH Certified Industrial Hygienist (Comprehensive Practice)
1987 - 1997, Board of Overseas Editors, Annals of Occupational Hygiene
1994-95 AIHA Awards Committee
1984 -1991 Consultant to the Environmental Health Committee, Science Advisory Board, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
1985 - 1989 Safety and Occupational Health Study Section (DIRG/NIH)
1985 - 1987 Member of Acute-Toxics Subcommittee, Science Advisory Board, Environmental Protection Agency
1984 -1986 Editorial Board, American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal
1986 - 1987 AIHA Exposure Assessment Strategies Committee
1983 - 1985 AAIH Peer Review Committee
1977 - 1980 AIHA Operating Committee (Institute for Continuing Education)
1975 - 1981 AIHA Analytical Chemistry Committee
1976 - 1977 AIHA Ad Hoc Committee on Accreditation
1978 - 1986 ACS Division of Analytical Chemistry

Fellowships And Awards
1979 (Summer) U.S. Air Force Summer Faculty Research Fellowship, Brooks AFB, Texas
1980 (Summer) University of California Regents Fellowship, U.C. Berkeley
1982 Award for Outstanding Paper published in American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal during 1981; presented by Michigan Industrial Hygiene Society for Publication No. 16.
1983-84 Visiting Honorary Research Fellow, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, University of London, United Kingdom
1988 Best Speaker Award; Presented by the American Conference of Governmental
Industrial Hygienists for the best presentation of a paper at a sponsored symposium in 1988.
1995 Visiting Scientist, INSERM U190, Environmental and Occupational Epidemiology, Paris, France

Publications In Refereed Journals And Published Proceedings
1) S.M. Rappaport and D.A. Fraser, "Gas Chromatographic-Mass Spectrometric Identification of Volatiles Released from a Rubber Stock During Simulated Vulcanization," Analytical Chemistry 48:476-481, 1976.

2) S.M. Rappaport and E.E. Campbell, "The Interpretation and Application of O.S.H.A. Carcinogen Standards for Laboratory Operations," American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal 37:690-696, 1976.

3) D.A. Fraser and S.M. Rappaport, "Health Aspects of the Curing of Synthetic Rubbers," Environmental Health Perspectives 17:45-53, 1976.

4) S.M. Rappaport and D.A. Fraser, "Air Sampling and Analysis in a Rubber Vulcanization Area," American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal 38:205-210, 1977.

5) S.M. Rappaport and D.J. Gettemy, "The Generation of Aerosols of Carcinogenic Aromatic Amines," American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal 39:287-294, 1978.

6) Y.Y. Wang, S.M. Rappaport, R.F. Sawyer, R.E. Talcott, and E.T. Wei, "Direct Acting Mutagens in Automobile Exhaust," Cancer Letters 5:39-47, 1978.

7) S.M. Rappaport and R. Morales, "Air-Sampling and Analytical Method for 4,4'-Methylenebis(2-chloroaniline)," Analytical Chemistry 51:19-23, 1979.

8) S.M. Rappaport, M.G. Richard, M.C. Hollstein and R.E. Talcott, "Mutagenic Activity in Organic Wastewater Concentrates," Environmental Science and Technology 13:957-961, 1979.

9) R. Morales, S.M. Rappaport and R. Hermes, "Air Sampling and Analytical Procedures for Benzidine, 3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine and their Salts," American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal 40:970-978, 1979.

10) S.M. Rappaport, M. McCartney and E.T. Wei, "Volatilization of Mutagens from Beef During Cooking," Cancer Letters 8:139-145, 1979.

11) R. Knarr and S.M. Rappaport, "Determination of Methanethiol at PPM Air Concentrations by Gas Chromatography," Analytical Chemistry 52:733-736, 1980.

12) E.T. Wei, Y.Y. Wang and S.M. Rappaport, "Diesel Emissions and the Ames Test: A Commentary," Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association 30:267-271, 1980.

13) S.M. Rappaport, Y.Y. Wang, E.T. Wei, R. Sawyer, B.E. Watkins and H. Rapoport, "Isolation and Identification of a Direct-Acting Mutagen in Diesel-Exhaust Particulates," Environmental Science and Technology 14:1505-1509, 1980.

14) S.M. Rappaport, S. Selvin, R.C. Spear and C. Keil, "An Evaluation of Statistical Schemes for Air Sampling," in, Chemical Hazards in the Workplace Environment, G. Choudhary, ed., ACS Symposium Series, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, pp. 431-453, 1981.

15) R.D. Knarr and S.M Rappaport, "Impregnated Filters for the Collection of Ethanethiol and Butanethiol in Air," American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal 42:839-841, 1981.

16) S.M. Rappaport, S. Selvin, R.C. Spear and C. Keil, "Air Sampling in the Assessment of Continuous Exposures to Acutely Toxic Chemicals. Part I- Strategy," American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal 42:831-838, 1981.

17) X.B. Xu, J.P. Nachtman, S.M. Rappaport, E.T. Wei, S. Lewis and A.L. Burlingame, "Identification of 2-Nitrofluorene in Diesel Exhaust Particulates," Journal of Applied Toxicology 1:196-198, 1981.

18) J.P. Nachtman, X.B. Xu, S.M. Rappaport, R.E. Talcott and E.T. Wei, "Mutagenic Activity in Diesel Exhaust Particulates," Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 27:463-466, 1981.

19) K. Geisling, R. Miksch and S.M. Rappaport, "The Generation of Dry Formaldehyde at Trace Levels by the Vapor Phase Depolymerization of Trioxane," Analytical Chemistry 54:140-142, 1982.

20) X.B. Xu, J.P. Nachtman, Z.L. Jin, E.T. Wei, S.M. Rappaport and A.L. Burlingame, "Isolation and Identification of Mutagenic Nitro-PAH in Diesel Exhaust Particulates," Analytica Chimica Acta 136:163-174, 1982.

21) S.M. Rappaport, Z.L. Jin and X.B. Xu, "HPLC with Reductive Electrochemical Detection of Mutagenic Nitro-Substituted Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Diesel Exhausts," Journal of Chromatography 240:145-154, 1982.

22) S.M. Rappaport, R.C. Spear and J.L. Yager, "Industrial Hygiene Data: Compliance, Dosage and Clinical Relevance," Western Journal of Medicine 137:572-576, 1982.

23) K.L. Geisling, M.K. Tashima, J.R. Girman, R.R. Miksch and S.M. Rappaport, "A Passive Sampling Device for Determining Formaldehyde in Indoor Air," Environment International 8:153-158, 1982.

24) W.H. Bruvold, S.M. Rappaport, T.C. Wu, B.E. Bulmer, C.E. DeGrange and J.M. Kooler, "Determination of Nuisance Odor in a Community," Water Pollution Control Association Journal 55:229-233, 1983.

25) Z.L. Jin and S.M. Rappaport, "Microbore Liquid Chromatography with Electrochemical Detection for Determination of Nitro-Substituted Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Diesel Soot," Analytical Chemistry, 55:1778-1781, 1983.

26) S.M. Rappaport, "The Rules of the Game: An Analysis of OSHA's Enforcement Strategy," American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 6:29-303, 1984.

27) S.M. Rappaport, W. Cameron and S. McAllister, "Outgassing of Ethylene Dibromide from Fumigated Oranges," Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 32:1112-1116, 1984.

28) D. Fluck, S.M. Rappaport, D. Eastmond and M.T. Smith, "Conversion of 1-Naphthol to Naphthoquinone Metabolites by Rat-Liver Microsomes: Demonstration by High Pressure Liquid Chromatography with Electrochemical Detection," Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 235:351-358, 1984.

29) S.M. Rappaport, "Smoothing of Exposure Variability at the Receptor: Implications for Health Standards," Annals of Occupational Hygiene, 29:201-214, 1985.

30) M. T. Smith, D. Fluck, D. Eastmond, and S. M. Rappaport, "Detection of Quinone Metabolites by HPLC with Reductive Electrochemical Detection," Life Chemistry Reports, 3:250-258, 1985.

31) S. Selvin, S. M. Rappaport, R.C. Spear, J. Schulman, M. Francis, "A Note on the Assessment of Exposures Using One-Sided Tolerance Limits," American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal 48:89-93 (1987).

32) S. M. Rappaport and S. Selvin, " A Method for Evaluating the Mean Exposure from a Lognormal Distribution," American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal 48:374-379 (1987).

33) S. M. Rappaport, S. Selvin, and M. Waters, "Exposure to Hydrocarbon Components of Gasoline in the Petroleum Industry," Applied Industrial Hygiene 2:148-154 (1987).

34) E. T. Zellers, R. M. White, S. M. Rappaport, and S. W. Wenzel, "Selective Surface-Acoustic Wave Styrene Vapor Sensor with Regenerable Reagent Coating," Tranducers '87, 1988, pp. 459-461. (Presented at the 4-th. Int. Conf. on Solid-State Sensors and Actuators, Tokyo, Japan, June, 1987; not peer reviewed).

35) S.M. Rappaport and R.C. Spear, "Physiological Damping of Exposure Variability During Brief Periods," Annals of Occupational Hygiene 32:21-33 (1988).

36) S.F. Liu, S.M. Rappaport, K. Pongrascz, and W. Bodell, "Detection of Styrene Oxide-DNA Adducts in Lymphocytes of a Worker Exposed to Styrene," in, Methods for Detecting DNA Damaging Agents in Humans: Applications in Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, H. Bartsch, K. Hemminki, and I.K. O'Neill, eds., IARC Scientific Publications No.89, Lyon, France, pp. 217-212, 1988.

37) S.F. Liu, S.M. Rappaport, J. Rasmussen, and W. Bodell, "Detection of Styrene-Oxide-DNA Adducts by 32P Post-Labeling," Carcinogenesis 9:1401-1404 (1988).

38) S.M. Rappaport, R.C. Spear and S. Selvin, "The Influence of Exposure Variability on Dose-Response Relationships," Annals of Occupational Hygiene 32 (Supl.1): 529-537 (1988).

39) S. M. Rappaport, S. Selvin, and S.A. Roach, "A Strategy for Assessing Exposures Relative to Multiple Limits," Applied Industrial Hygiene 3:310-315 (1988).

40) M. Francis, R.C. Spear, S. Selvin, and S.M. Rappaport, "The Effect of Autocorrelation on the Estimation of Workers' Daily Exposures," American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal 50:37-43 (1989).

41) S. Selvin and S. M. Rappaport, "A Note on the Estimation of the Mean Value from a Lognormal Distribution," American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal 50:627-630 (1990).

42) J. W. Yager, J.W., W. Paradisn, E. Symanski and S.M. Rappaport, "Sister-Chromatid Exchanges Induced in Peripheral Lymphocytes of Workers Exposed to Low Concentrations of Styrene," in, Mutation and the Environment - Part C: Somatic and Heritable Mutation, Adduction and Epidemiology,. M. Mendelsohn and R. J. Albertini, eds., Wiley-Liss, New York, 1990, pp. 271-282. (Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Environmental Mutagens; not peer reviewed)

43) W.J. Bodell, K. Pongracz, S. Kaur, A.L. Burlingame, S.F. Liu, and S. M. Rappaport, "Investigation of Styrene Oxide-DNA Adducts and Their Detection in Workers Exposed to Styrene," in, Mutation and the Environment - Part C: Somatic and Heritable Mutation, Adduction and Epidemiology,. M. Mendelsohn and R. J. Albertini, eds., Wiley-Liss, New York, 1990, pp. 347-356. (Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Environmental Mutagens; not peer reviewed)

44) S.A. Roach and S.M. Rappaport, "But They Are Not Thresholds - A Critical Analysis of the Documentation of Threshold Limit Values," American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 17:727-753 (1990).

45) D. Paxman and S.M. Rappaport, "Analysis of OSHA's Short-Term-Exposure Limit for Benzene, Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology 11:275-287 (1990).

46) D. Ting, M.T. Smith, P. Doane-Seltzer and S.M. Rappaport, "Analysis of Styrene-Oxide-Globin Adducts Based Upon Reaction with Raney-Nickel," Carcinogenesis 11:755-760 (1990).

47) H. Checkoway, L.C. Costa, T. Coccini, S. M. Rappaport and L. Manzo, "Monitoring Styrene Neurotoxicity with 3H-Spiperone Binding to Lymphocytes," Occupational Epidemiology, H. Sakurai et al., Eds. Elsevier Science Publishers B.V., Amsterdam, 1990, pp. 197-200. (Proceedings of the VII International Symposium on Epidemiology in Occupational Health, Tokyo, Japan, 1989). (Not peer reviewed)

48) E. T. Zellers, R. M. White and S. M. Rappaport, "Use of a Surface-Acoustic-Wave Sensor to Characterize the Reaction of Styrene Vapor with a Square-Planar Organoplatinum Complex," Analytical Chemistry 62:1222-1227 (1990).

49) E.T. Zellers, N. Hassold, R.M. White and S. M. Rappaport, "Selective Real Time Measurement of Styrene Vapor Using a Surface-Acoustic-Wave Sensor with a Regenerable Organoplatinum Coating," Analytical Chemistry 62:1227-1232 (1990).

50) D. Ting, M.T. Smith, P. Doane-Setzer, J. Woodlee, and S.M. Rappaport, Measurement of Styrene-Oxide Cysteine Adducts in Hemoglobin by Selective Catalytic Reduction," Advances in Experimental Medical Biology 283:837-841 (1990). (Not peer reviewed).

51) S.M. Rappaport, "Assessment of Long-Term Exposures to Toxic Substances in Air," Annals of Occupational Hygiene 35:61-121 (1991).

52) J.C. Robinson, D. G. Paxman and S.M. Rappaport, "Implications of OSHA's Reliance Upon TLVs in Developing the Air-Contaminants Standard," American Journal of Industrial Medicine 19:3-13 (1991).

53) S. M. Rappaport, "Selection of the Measures of Exposure for Epidemiology Studies," Applied Occupational and Environmental Hygiene 6:448-457 (1991).

54) S. M. Rappaport, E. Kure, M. Petreas, D. Ting and J. Woodlee," A Field Method for Measuring Solvent Vapors in Exhaled Air - Application to Styrene Exposure," Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health 17:195-204 (1991).

55) M. Waters, S. Selvin and S.M. Rappaport, "A New Goodness-of-Fit Test for the Lognormal Model Applied to Occupational Exposures," American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, 52:493-502 (1991).

56) M. Petreas, S.M. Rappaport, B.L. Materna and D.M. Rempel, "Mixed Exhaled Air Measurements to Assess Exposure to Tetrachloroethylene in Dry Cleaners," Journal of Exposure Assessment and Epidemiology Supl. 1: 25-39 (1992).

57) P.J.E. Compton-Quintana, R.H. Jensen, W.L. Bigbee, S.G. Grant, R.G. Langlois, M.T. Smith and S.M. Rappaport, Use of the Glycophorin A Human Mutation Assay to Study Workers Exposed to Styrene, Environmental Health Perspectives 99:297-301 (1993).

58) S. M. Rappaport, "TLVs, PELs and Feasibility: The Bases for Exposure Limits in the U.S.," American Journal of Industrial Medicine 23: 683-694 (1993).

59) S. M. Rappaport, "Biological Considerations in Assessing Exposures to Genotoxic and Carcinogenic Agents," International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 65:S29-S35 (1993).

60) S. M. Rappaport, D. Ting, Z.L. Jin, K. Yeowell-O'Connell, S. Waidyanatha, and T. McDonald, "Application of Raney Nickel to Measure Adducts of Styrene Oxide with Hemoglobin and Albumin," Chemical Research in Toxicology 6: 238-244 (1993).

61) H. Kromhout, E. Symanski, and S. M. Rappaport, "A Comprehensive Evaluation of Within- and Between-Worker Components of Occupational Exposure to Chemical Agents," Annals of Occupational Hygiene 37: 253-270 (1993).

62) J. Yager, W. Paradisin and S. M. Rappaport," Sister Chromatid Exchanges in Lymphocytes are Increased in Relation to Longitudinally Measured Occupational Exposure to Low Concentrations of Styrene," Mutation Research 19:155-165 (1993).

63) S. M. Rappaport, H. Kromhout, and E. Symanski, "Variation of Exposure Between Workers in Homogeneous Exposure Groups," American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, 54:654-662 (1993).

64) T. McDonald, S. Waidyanatha, and S. M. Rappaport, "Measurement of Adducts of Benzoquinone with Hemoglobin and Albumin," Carcinogenesis 14:1927-1932 (1993).

65) T. McDonald, S. Waidyanatha, and S. M. Rappaport, "Production of Benzoquinone Adducts with Hemoglobin and Bone-Marrow Proteins Following Administration of [13C6]benzene to Rats," Carcinogenesis14:1921-1925 (1993).

66) S. Waidyanatha, T.A. McDonald, P.H. Lin, and S.M. Rappaport, "Measurement of Hemoglobin and Albumin Adducts of Tetrachlorobenzoquinone," Chemical Research in Toxicology 7:463-468 (1994).

67) E. Horvath, K. Pongracz, S.M. Rappaport, and W.J. Bodell, "32P-Postlabeling Detection of DNA Adducts in Mononuclear Cells of Workers Occupationally Exposed to Styrene," Carcinogenesis 15:1309-1315 (1994).

68) E. Symanski and S.M. Rappaport, "An Investigation of the Dependence of Exposure Variability on the Interval Between Measurements," Annals of Occupational Hygiene 38:361-372 (1994).

69) T. A . McDonald, K. Yeowell-O'Connell and S. M. Rappaport, "Comparison of Adducts of Benzene Oxide and Benzoquinone in the Blood and Bone Marrow of Rats and Mice Exposed to [14C/13C]Benzene," Cancer Research 54:4907-4914 (1994).

70) S. M. Rappaport, E. Symanski, J.W. Yager, and L.L Kupper, "The Relationship between Environmental Monitoring and Biological Markers in Exposure Assessment," Environmental Health Perspectives 103 (Supplement 3): 49-53 (1995) .

71) M. X. Petreas, J. Woodlee, C. E. Becker, and S. M. Rappaport, "Retention of Styrene Following Controlled Exposure to Constant and Fluctuating Air Concentrations," International Archives for Occupational and Environmental Health 67:27-34 (1995).

72) S. M. Rappaport, "Biological Monitoring and Standard Setting in the U.S.A.: A Critical Appraisal," Toxicology Letters 77:171-182 (1995).

73) S.M. Rappaport, R. Lyles and L.L. Kupper, "An Exposure-Assessment Strategy Accounting for Within- and Between-Worker Sources of Variability," Annals of Occupational Hygiene 39:469-495 (1995).

74) B. Järvholm and S. M. Rappaport, "A Model to Estimate the Delivered Doses of Substances in Liquid and Gaseous Phases," International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health 1:311-314 (1995).

75) K. Yeowell-O'Connell, Z. Jin, and S. M. Rappaport,"Determination of Albumin and Hemoglobin Adducts in Workers Exposed to Styrene and Styrene Oxide", Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers and Prevention 5: 205-215 (1996).

76) S. Waidyanatha, P. H. Lin, and S. M. Rappaport, "Characterization of Chlorinated Adducts of Hemoglobin and Albumin following Administration and of Pentachlorophenol to Rats," Chemical Research in Toxicology 9: 647-653 (1996).

77) K. Yeowell-O'Connell, T. A. McDonald, and S. M. Rappaport: "Analysis of Hemoglobin Adducts of Benzene Oxide by Gas-Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry," Analytical Biochemistry 237:49-55 (1996).

78) R. C. Yu and S. M. Rappaport, "Relation between Pulmonary Clearance and Particle Burden, A Michaelis-Menten-Like Model," Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 53:567-572 (1996).

79) E. Symanski, L.L. Kupper, H. Kromhout, and S.M. Rappaport, "An Investigation of Systematic Changes in Occupational Exposure," American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, 57:724-735 (1996).

80) Y. Wang, L.L. Kupper, A. Lof, and S. M. Rappaport, "Comparison of Average Estimated Metabolic Rates for Styrene in Previously Exposed and Unexposed Groups with Pharmacokinetic Modeling," Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 53:601-605 (1996).

81) P. H. Lin, S. Waidyanatha, and S. M. Rappaport, "Investigation Of Liver Binding Of Pentachlorophenol Based Upon Measurement Of Protein Adducts," Biomarkers, 1:232-243 (1996).

82) S. M. Rappaport, T. A. McDonald, and K. Yeowell-O'Connell: "The use of Protein Adducts to Investigate the Disposition of Reactive Metabolites of Benzene," Environmental Health Perspectives, 104(S4):1235-1237 (1996).

83) S. M. Rappaport, K. Yeowell-O'Connell, W. Bodell, J. W. Yager, and E. Symanski, "An Investigation of Multiple Biomarkers Among Workers Exposed to Styrene and Styrene-7,8-Oxide," Cancer Research, 56:5410-5416 (1996).

84) R. H. Lyles, L. L. Kupper, and S. M. Rappaport: "A Lognormal Distribution-Based Exposure Assessment Method for Unbalanced Data," Annals of Occupational Hygiene 41:63-76 (1997).

85) R. H. Lyles, L. L. Kupper, and S. M. Rappaport, "Assessing Regulatory Compliance of Occupational Exposures Via the Balanced One-way Random Effects ANOVA Model," Journal of Agricultural, Biological, and Environmental Statistics 2:64-86 (1997).

86) R. Tornero-Velez, E. Symanski, R.C. Yu, H. Kromhout, and S. M. Rappaport: "Compliance versus Risk in Assessing Occupational Exposures to Chemicals," Risk Analysis 17:279-292 (1997).

87) R.C. Yu and S. M. Rappaport, "A Lung Retention Model based upon Michaelis-Menten-Like Kinetics," Environmental Health Perspectives 105:496-503 (1997).

88) A. Lindstrom, K. Yeowell-O'Connell, S. Waidyanatha, B. T. Golding, R. Tornero-Velez, and S. M. Rappaport, "Measurement of Benzene Oxide in the Blood of Rats Following Administration of Benzene," Carcinogenesis 18:1637-1641 (1997).

89) P. H. Lin, S. Waidyanatha, G. Pollack, and S. M. Rappaport, "Dosimetry of Chlorinated Quinone Metabolites of Pentachlorophenol in the Livers of Rats and Mice Based upon Measurement of Protein Adducts," Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 145:399-408 (1997).

90) K. Yeowell-O'Connell, W. Pauwels, M. Severi, Z. Jin, M. R. Walker, S. M. Rappaport, and H. Veulemans, "Comparison of Styrene-7,8-oxide Adducts Formed Via Reaction with Cysteine, N-terminal Valine, and Carboxylic Acid Residues in Human, Mouse, and Rat Hemoglobin," Chemico-Biological Interactions 106:67-85 (1997).

91) S. Fustinoni, C. Colosio, A. Colombi, L. Lastrucci, K. Yeowell-O'Connell, and S.M. Rappaport, "Albumin and Hemoglobin Adducts as Biomarkers of Exposure to Styrene in Fiberglass-Reinforced Plastics Workers," International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health 71:35-41 (1998).

92) R.H. Lyles, L.L. Kupper, and S.M. Rappaport, "On Prediction of Lognormal-Scale Mean Exposure Levels in Epidemiologic Studies," Journal of Agricultural, Biological, and Environmental Statistics 2:417-439 (1997).

93) E. Symanski, L. Kupper, and S. M. Rappaport, "A Comprehensive Evaluation of Long-Term Trends in Occupational Exposure. Part 1: Description of the Database," Occupational and Environmental Medicine 55:300-309 (1998).

94) E. Symanski, L. Kupper, I. Hertz-Picciotto, and S. M. Rappaport, "A Comprehensive Evaluation of Long-Term Trends in Occupational Exposure. Part 2: Predictive Models for Declining Exposures," Occupational and Environmental Medicine 55:310-316 (1998).

95) A. B. Lindstrom, K. Yeowell-O'Connell, S. Waidyanatha, T.A. McDonald, B. T. Golding, and S. M. Rappaport, " Formation of Hemoglobin and Albumin Adducts of Benzene Oxide in Mouse, Rat, and Human Blood," Chemical Research in Toxicology 11:302-310 (1998).

96) K. Yeowell-O'Connell, N. Rothman, M. T. Smith, R. B. Hayes, G. Li, S. Waidyanatha, M. Dosemeci, S. Zhang-Yin, N. Titenko-Holland, and S. M. Rappaport, "Hemoglobin and Albumin Adducts of Benzene Oxide Among Workers Exposed to High Levels of Benzene," Carcinogenesis 19:1565-1571 (1998).

97) S. Waidyanatha, K. Yeowell-O'Connell, and S.M. Rappaport, "A New Assay for Albumin and Hemoglobin Adducts of 1,2- and 1,4-Benzoquinones," Chemico-Biological Interactions 115:117-139 (1998).

98) P. H. Lin., S. Waidyanatha, G. M. Pollack, J. A. Swenberg, and S. M. Rappaport, "Dose-specific Production of Chlorinated Quinone and Semiquinone Adducts in Rodent Livers Following Administration of Pentachlorophenol," Toxicological Science, in press.

99) L. Nylander-French, L. L. Kupper, and S. M. Rappaport, "An Investigation of Factors Contributing to Exposure to Styrene and Styrene-7,8-Oxide in the Reinforced-Plastics Industry," Annals of Occupational Hygiene, in press.

100) S. M. Rappaport and K. Yeowell-O'Connell, "Protein Adducts as Dosimeters of Human Exposure to Styrene, Styrene-7, 8-Oxide, and Benzene," Toxicology Letters, in press.

Work In Progress
1) R.C. Yu and S. M. Rappaport, " An Evaluation of Tracer Aerosols for Measuring Pulmonary Clearance of Insoluble Dust," in preparation.

2) R. Tornero-Velez, L. Denovan, S. Waidyanatha, and S.M. Rappaport, "Measurement of Styrene-7,8-oxide and Other Oxidation Products of Styrene in Air," to be submitted to Analytical Chemistry.

3) S. M. Rappaport, M. Weaver, D. Taylor, L. Kupper and P. Susi, "Application of Mixed Models to Assess Aerosol Exposures Measured by Construction Workers during Hot Processes," submitted to Annals of Occupational Hygiene.

4) I. Popa, C. Hassett, C. Omiecinski, S. Waidyanatha and S. M. Rappaport, "A Comparison between Styrene-7,8-oxide and Benzo[a]pyrene-4,5-oxide as Substrates for Human Hepatic Microsomal Epoxide Hydrolase," in preparation.

5) A. B. Lindstrom, K. Yeowell-O'Connell, S. Waidyanatha, T. A. McDonald and S. M. Rappaport, "Investigation of Benzene Oxide in Bone Marrow and Other Tissues of F344 Rats Following Metabolism of Benzene In Vitro and In Vivo," submitted to Chemico-Biological Interactions.

6) A. B. Lindstrom, S. Waidyanaitha, K. Yeowell-O'Connell, B. G. Golding, and S. M. Rappaport, "Hydroxyl-Radical-Mediated Production of Protein Adducts from Benzene, Phenol, and BenzoicAcid," in preparation.

Book Chapters And Editorships
1) S.M. Rappaport, "Biological Considerations for Designing Sampling Strategies," in Advances in Air Sampling, W. John, ed., Lewis Publishers, Chelsea, Michigan, 1988, pp. 337-352.

2) S. M. Rappaport, "Exposure Assessment Strategies", in Exposure Assessment for Occupational Epidemiology and Hazard Control, S. M. Rappaport and T. Smith, eds., Lewis Publishers, Chelsea, Michigan, 1990, pp. 219-249.

3) S. M. Rappaport and T. Smith, eds., Exposure Assessment for Occupational Epidemiology and Hazard Control,, Lewis Publishers, Cheslea, Michigan, 1990.

4) S. M. Rappaport "Interpreting Levels of Exposure to Chemical Agents," in Patty's Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology, 3-rd Edition, Part A, R. L. Harris, L. J. Cralley and L. V. Cralley, eds., John Wiley, New York, NY, 1994, pp. 349-403.