Vermont Lighthouses

The U.S. state of Vermont is located (as its name suggests) in the Green Mountains south of the Canadian border and northeast of New York. This is far from the ocean, but the state has half a dozen lighthouses nonetheless. These lighthouses are on the eastern side of Lake Champlain, which is part of an international waterway connecting the St. Lawrence and Hudson Rivers. The lake drains northward to the St. Lawrence through the Richelieu River, and it is connected to the Hudson by the Champlain Canal.

There are six more lighthouses on the west side of the lake in the state of New York. For almost 70 years none of the Lake Champlain lighthouses was active, but starting in 2002 the Coast Guard has reactivated several lighthouses in each state. Lighthouse Digest has a December 2002 article on the relighting effort.

At one time there were also three lighthouses on Lake Memphremagog, but none of these towers have survived.

ARLHS numbers are from the ARLHS World List of Lights. USCG numbers are from Vol. I of the USCG Light List.

General Sources
New England Lighthouses: A Virtual Guide - Vermont
Outstanding historical accounts and photos by Jeremy D'Entremont.
Vermont Lighthouses
Excellent photos and historical accounts posted by Kraig Anderson.
Coast Guard Lighthouses - Vermont
Historic photos and notes posted by the U.S. Coast Guard Historian's office.
Leuchttürme USA auf historischen Postkarten
Historic postcard images of U.S. lighthouses posted by Klaus Huelse.
National Maritime Inventory - Vermont
Inventory of New York lighthouse data.

Windmill Point Light
Windmill Point Light, Alburg
photo from New England Lighthouses: A Virtual Guide
copyright Jeremy D'Entremont; used by permission

Lighthouses
Windmill Point
1858. Reactivated (inactive 1931-2002); focal plane 52 ft (16 m); white flash every 4 s. 40 ft (12 m) octagonal limestone tower with lantern and gallery, attached by a passageway to a 1-1/2 story granite keeper's house; 300 mm lens. Originally red, the lantern has faded to orange. Anderson also has nice photos, Huelse has a historic postcard view, the Coast Guard has a historic photo, and Google has a fuzzy satellite view. The lighthouse, a sibling of the Point aux Roches NY Light, marks the northern end of the broader portion of the lake and the entrance to the Richelieu River. The light was moved to a skeletal tower in 1931, but with the cooperation of the owner the Coast Guard returned the light to the lighthouse on August 7, 2002. The skeletal tower remains. The light station is a private residence. Located at the end of Windmill Point Road, off US 2, opposite Rouses Point, New York. Site and tower closed. Owner/site manager: private. ARLHS USA-895; USCG 1-39130.
Isle La Motte (1)
1829 (inactive since 1856). 2-story stone house. A light was displayed from a second story window until a stone beacon was built in 1856. Site closed. Owner/site manager: private.
Isle La Motte (3)
1881 (station established 1829). Reactivated (inactive 1933-2002); focal plane 46 ft (14 m); white flash every 4 s. 25 ft (7.5 m) round cast iron tower with lantern and gallery; 300 mm lens. Painted red years ago, the tower has faded to a faint rose color; the lantern is more freshly painted red. Fog bell (inactive). Sibling of Ten Pound Island Light MA. The original 1-1/2 story wood keeper's house is now a private residence. The light was moved to a nearby skeletal tower in 1933, but the Coast Guard returned the light to the lighthouse on October 12, 2002. Anderson also has good photos, Marinas.com has aerial photos, and Google has a fuzzy satellite view. Located on La Brecque Road at the northern end of Isle La Motte. The island is connected to the Vermont shore of the lake by a bridge off VT 129. Site and tower closed. Owner/site manager: private. ARLHS USA-405; USCG 1-39165.
[Colchester Reef (3)]
1952 (station established 1871). Active; focal plane 51 ft (16 m); white flash every 4 s. Square skeletal tower mounted on the crib of the historic Colchester Reef lighthouse (see below). The tower carries diamond-shaped daymarks painted in a green and white checkerboard pattern. A closeup photo is available, Anderson has a photo, and Google has a satellite view. Also, the Coast Guard has a small historic photo of the original lighthouse. Located about 1500 yards (1370 m) off Colchester Point, north of Burlington; should be easily visible from shore. Owner/site manager: U.S. Coast Guard. ARLHS USA-182H; USCG 1-39540.
Burlington Breakwater North (2) (replica)
2003 (replica of 1890 lighthouse; station established 1857). Active; focal plane 35 ft (11 m); white flash every 2.5 s. 35 ft (11 m) square pyramidal wood tower with lantern and gallery. Fog horn (2 s blast every 15 s). Lighthouse painted white; lantern dome painted red. Lighthouse Digest has one of Jeremy D'Entremont's photos of the replica, Anderson has a good page for the lighthouse, the Coast Guard has a historic photo of the original lighthouse, and Google has a satellite view. A keeper's house built for this station, but never occupied by a keeper, was relocated to Archibald Street onshore and is used as a private residence. The lighthouse, which replaced a 35 ft (11 m) skeletal tower, was completed on September 12, 2003. Located on a short detached breakwater north of the ferry terminal in downtown Burlington. Accessible only by boat. Site open, tower closed. Owner/site manager: City of Burlington. ARLHS USA-1105; USCG 1-39615.
Burlington Breakwater South (1) (replica)
2003 (replica of 1857 lighthouse). Active. 26 ft (8 m) square pyramidal wood tower with a small square lantern. Lighthouse painted white. Lighthouse Digest has a photo by Shirin Pagels, Anderson has additional photos, and Google has a satellite view. Like the north light, this tower was completed on September 12, 2003. Lighthouse Digest has a story on the reconstruction. The original tower was destroyed by a storm in 1876 and replaced by a larger tower; the Coast Guard has a historic photo of the second light. Located on the breakwater near Perkins Pier, just south of the ferry terminal. Accessible only by boat (the breakwater does not connect to the shore). Site open, tower closed. Owner/site manager: City of Burlington. ARLHS USA-1106; USCG 1-39680.
Juniper Island (2)
1846 (station established 1826). Inactive since 1954. 25 ft (7.5 m) round cast iron tower with lantern and gallery. The original keeper's house burned in 1962. Oil house preserved. The active light (focal plane 125 ft (38 m); white flash every 4 s) is on a square steel skeletal tower (2003). The oldest of the ten surviving Lake Champlain lighthouses, this is also the oldest surviving cast iron lighthouse in the U.S. Anderson has a fine page for the lighthouse, the Coast Guard has a historic photo of the light station, and the island and lighthouse are seen in a Google satellite view. Jim Millard has a view from the lake of the modern skeletal tower. The present owners completed rebuilding the 2-story brick keeper's house in summer 2003. They hope to restore the tower, which is still sound but rusting. They planned to repaint the tower in 2007, but we do not know if this happened. This lighthouse won't be reactivated, however, because trees nearby have grown tall enough to obscure its light. Located on Juniper Island, about 5 mi (8 km) west southwest of Burlington. Site and tower closed. Owner/site manager: private. ARLHS USA-410; USCG 1-39710.

Burlington Breakwater North Light, October 2006
Creative Commons photo by Rob Friesel
**** Colchester Reef (1)
1871 (Albert Dow, designer). Inactive since 1933 (a decorative light is displayed). 35 ft (11 m) square cylindrical wood tower with lantern and gallery, mounted on a 2-story wood keeper's house. The original fog bell is mounted beside the tower. Anderson also has a good page for the lighthouse, Jim Millard has a fine photo, and Google has a satellite view. The designer, Albert Dow, was a Vermont native. Numerous lighthouses of his design were built, including Rose Island, Sabin Point, and Pomham Rocks in Rhode Island, Bridgeport Harbor and Penfield Reef in Connecticut, and Esopus Meadows, North Brother Island, North Dumpling, and Long Beach Bar in New York. The lighthouse was closed in 1933, and a battery-powered light was installed on a skeletal tower next to the building. The lighthouse was relocated in 1952 to the Shelburne Museum; the museum's web site includes a page on the lighthouse. In September 2006 a light was lit in the lantern for the first time since 1933. In the spring of 2009, the museum excavated and repaired the foundations of the building. The Coast Guard has a small historic photo of the lighthouse at its original location. Located on US 7 about 7 miles (11 km) south of Burlington. Museum and lighthouse are closed during the construction project but should reopen in mid-summer 2009; normally open daily (admission fee) May 1 through October 31. Owner/site manager: Shelburne Museum. ARLHS USA-182.

Information available on lost lighthouses:

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Checked and revised February 5, 2009. Lighthouses: 7. Site copyright 2009 Russ Rowlett and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.