The Lighthouse Directory

Welcome to the Lighthouse Directory, which provides information and links for more than 11,900 of the world's lighthouses. Latest update February 8, 2010. This week there's a new page for China's Daishan Islands, based on research by Michel Forand. The French Caribbean island of St.-Martin now has its own page, with a new photo by Rosalie Beasley. The pages for Upstate New York in the U.S., Fiji, Northeastern South Korea, Western Finland, Hamburg and the Elbe in Germany, the French region of Aquitaine, Austria, and Slovenia have been checked and revised, with a number of new photos added.

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Norrskär Light
Norrskär Light, Gulf of Bothnia, Western Finland, June 2008
Creative Commons photo by Hagen and Tine Graf

A Month of Lighthouse News:

  • February 9. Vanuatu's new Pango Point Lighthouse should be completed by the end of February.
  • February 9. China has completed construction of a new lighthouse on Waikejiao, the last of 13 lighthouses meant to mark its eastern sea frontier.
  • February 9. Restoration experts are assessing the damage to the vandalized Fresnel lens at Oregon's Cape Meares Light.
  • February 7. Land surrounding British Columbia's Sheringham Point Light may be sold for development.
  • February 5. The restoration of Mississippi's Biloxi Light is nearly finished, with relighting scheduled for February 19.
  • January 24. Rhode Island's Poplar Point Lighthouse is part of a large estate now on the market for $7.5 million.
  • January 23. Cuts in grant support have created a fiscal crisis at New Jersey's Absecon Lighthouse.
  • January 21. Northern Ireland's Blackhead Light has been proposed for listing as a historic site.
  • January 19. The Oak Orchard Lighthouse replica on Lake Ontario, New York, should be under construction soon and complete by June.
  • January 15. Trinity House has proposed deactivating the lighthouses at Beachy Head (Sussex), Orfordness (Suffolk), Hartland Point (Devon), and Skokholm (Pembrokeshire, Wales). In addition, the Blacknore Point Light (Somerset) would be downgraded, and the pierhead light at Maryport (Cumbria) would be turned over to local authorities.
  • January 15. Celebrations have marked the 150th anniversary of the Jupiter Inlet Lighthouse in Florida.


Buffalo Main Light, Upstate New York, U.S.A., October 2008
Creative Commons photo by Doug Kerr

About this site
Founded in 1999 (during the relocation of North Carolina's Cape Hatteras lighthouse), the Lighthouse Directory is a tool for research and study concerning lighthouses and efforts to preserve those lighthouses. The Directory provides a brief compilation of basic data for each lighthouse with links to other reliable information available on the Internet. With the addition of the Hainan page in February 2009, listings now cover the entire world. However, this doesn't mean the Directory is complete, because new information continues to come to light.

I'm glad to hear from site visitors, especially if you have lighthouse news or photos of rarely-visited lighthouses.

This site is hosted by my employer, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.

Phare de Biarritz
Phare de St.-Martin, Biarritz, Aquitaine, France, April 2008
Creative Commons photo by Matthieu Luna

What is a lighthouse?
It is not so easy to define exactly what we mean by a lighthouse, and various organizations and individuals have used very different definitions when describing or classifying lighthouses. Clearly, all lighthouses are lighted aids to navigation, but not all lighted aids are considered to be lighthouses.

Some definitions are not controversial. An aid to navigation is a structure placed on or near navigable water to provide visual guidance to mariners. A beacon is an aid to navigation that is fixed in place (that is, not floating). A lighted beacon or lightbeacon is a beacon displaying a light, while an unlit beacon is called a daybeacon. Often, a lighted beacon is simply called a light.

In this Directory, a lighthouse is a lightbeacon having a height of at least 4 meters (13 ft) and a cross-section, at the base, of at least 4 square meters (43 sq ft). This simple definition does not require that a lighthouse have any particular form or appearance. The structure of a lighthouse may be enclosed, partially enclosed, or completely open.

The Directory includes listings of certain lights and other sites of interest to lighthouse fans that aren't lighthouses by this definition. The titles of those listings are enclosed in square brackets [...]. In addition, lighthouses destroyed or demolished since 2000 continue to be listed; their names are preceded by a pound sign #.

Feu de Marigot
Feu de Marigot, St.-Martin, French West Indies, January 2010
photo copyright Rosalie Beasley; used by permission

The lighthouse listings
Dates shown for lighthouses are the dates when the light was first displayed; this may be later than the construction date in some cases. A station establishment date, when listed, is the date when a light was first displayed at or near the same location. Data concerning the characteristics of lights comes mostly from the U.S. Coast Guard Light List for U.S. lighthouses and from the NGA List of Lights for lighthouses in other countries.

The focal plane of a light is the height above the surface of the water at which the light is displayed. A lantern of a lighthouse is a room or structure that actually encloses the light.

The heights of the lighthouse towers themselves should be considered approximate. Different sources use different methods for measuring tower heights, and those heights may actually change due to changes in ground level at the base of the tower.

I have attempted to determine whether lighthouse sites and towers are open to the public. This information is inferred from whatever sources may be available; it is certainly not guaranteed. Please let me know if this information, or any information in the Directory, is incorrect.

Lighthouse listings are marked with ratings of zero to four stars based on the extent to which the light station is open to visitors. Check the ratings key to interpret these ratings.

Mukho Light
Mukho Light, Gangwon-do, Northeastern South Korea
Donghae City photo

Articles about lighthouses:


Wittenbergen Unterfeuer, Hamburg and the Elbe, Germany
WSA Hamburg photo

Special Resources

Nasilai Reef Light
Nasilai Reef Light, Fiji; Fiji Port Corporation photo


Verona Beach Light, Oneida Lake, Upstate New York, U.S.A., September 2009
Creative Commons photo by Doug Kerr

Piran Light
Piran (Rt Madona) Light, Slovenia, August 2007
anonymous Creative Commons photo

Sémaphore de l'Adour
Sémaphore de l'Adour, Bayonne, Aquitaine, France, September 2009
anonymous Panoramio Creative Commons photo

Regional, state, and local lighthouse preservation organizations are recognized on each state page. U.S. organizations interested in lighthouse preservation nationally are:

  • The American Lighthouse Foundation, based in Rockland, Maine. ALF encourages preservation efforts throughout the country and holds preservation leases on more than a dozen New England lighthouses.
  • The United States Lighthouse Society, formerly based in San Francisco, has moved to the Point No Point Lighthouse in Hansville, Washington. USLHS has chapters active in the Chesapeake area, Long Island, Oregon, and Washington, and has been active in supporting preservation in other areas as well. The Society also publishes a respected journal, The Keeper's Log.

Lighthouses on the Internet: A Researcher's Guide has replaced the list of links formerly on this page.


Bunthäuser Spitze, Hamburg, Germany, January 2010
Creative Commons photo by Mark Max Henckel
Lighthouses of the Americas

Northeastern United States

Southeastern United States

Midwestern United States

Western United States and U.S. Pacific Territories

U.S. Caribbean

Atlantic Canada and Greenland

Interior and Western Canada

Bermuda and the West Indies

Mexico and Central America

South America and Antarctica

Lighthouses of the Pacific and Indian Oceans, Australia, and Africa

Pacific Ocean

Australia

South Indian Ocean

Africa

Lighthouses of Europe

Britain and Ireland

France, Monaco and Switzerland

Spain and Portugal

Italy and Malta

Southeastern Europe

Northern Europe

Denmark, Faroes, and Iceland

Norway

Sweden

Lighthouses of Asia

Western and Central Asia

South and Southwest Asia

India

Southeast Asia

Indonesia

China and Taiwan

Korea and Russian Far East

Japan

Sokcho Light
Sokcho Light and Observatory, Northeastern South Korea, November 2007
Panoramio Creative Commons photo by Dae-Won Kim

Thanks to:

Hundreds of lighthouse fans around the world have enriched this site with their assistance, information, suggestions, and corrections. For a long time I tried to maintain a list of these many friends and contacts, but it has grown too long (and too out of date) to display here. However, I must extend special thanks to Jeremy D'Entremont, Michel Forand, Ted Sarah, and Klaus Huelse, who have followed the development of the Directory for years. Each of them has contributed information and support in vital ways, and the Directory would be much less useful without their participation.

Formalities

Written by:

Russ Rowlett, Director,
Center for Mathematics and Science Education
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.

You are welcome to email the author (rowlett@email.unc.edu) with comments and suggestions.

All material in The Lighthouse Directory is copyright 2010 by Russ Rowlett and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Some images are presented by permission of their copyright holders, as noted under the image.

Permission is granted to copy portions of the Directory for personal use and study, but all other rights are reserved. You are welcome to make links to this page or to any page of the Directory, provided you credit the source and do not present the work as your own.

Please do not copy the contents of any page of the Directory to another site. This is an infringement of copyright, and it also deprives your users of the benefit of improvements and corrections made to the page.

The information contained in the directory is as accurate as I can make it; please notify me if you find any errors. Neither the author nor the University of North Carolina assumes any liability for uses made of the information presented by this web site.