Lighthouses of Northern Brazil

Brazil, the largest country in South America and fifth largest in the world, has a lengthy coastline, a large number of lighthouses, and a distinguished lighthouse history. This page covers lighthouses along Brazil's northern coast, including the states of Amapá, Pará, Maranhão, Piauí, and Ceará. It is a tropical coastline, quite low in the west but becoming higher in the east. Major ports include Belém in Pará, São Luís in Maranhão, and Fortaleza in Ceará. Tourism has increased in the region in recent years, and some of the major lighthouses are becoming much better known. Until recently, photos of Brazilian lighthouses were scarce on the Internet. Although this is improving, photos are still needed for many sites. The Portuguese word for a lighthouse is farol, plural faróis. In Brazilian use, the word farol generally applies to all light towers, regardless of size and whether they are enclosed structures or not. Active lighthouses in Brazil are owned by the navy (Marinha do Brasil) and maintained by the Centro de Sinalização Náutica e Reparos Almirante Moraes Rego (CAMR) in the Diretoria de Hidrografia e Navegacão (DHN). Many of the larger lighthouses are staffed by resident keepers or by rotating crews of naval personnel. Only a small number of Brazilian lighthouses are open to the public. ARLHS numbers are from the ARLHS World List of Lights. Brazil light numbers, where available, are from listings posted by the port captains. Admiralty numbers are from volume G of the Admiralty List of Lights & Fog Signals. U.S. NGA numbers are from Publication 110. General Sources Faroís Brasileiros This page on the web site of the navy's aids to navigation center (CAMR) has links to photos of many of the lighthouses. Faróis do Maranhão Posted by the Maranhão Port Captain's office, this page has good information, with photos, on the lighthouses of that state. Faróis da Costa Cearense Posted by the Ceará Port Captain's office, this page has photos and data on the lighthouses in that state. Imagens Online This photo archive of a commerical firm, Kino Fotoarquivo, contains many lighthouse images: search for "farol."

Farol de Preguiças, Maranhão, September 2006 Creative Commons photo by Ricardo Ferreira

Amapá Lighthouses
Cabo Orange

1997. Active; focal plane 50 m (164 ft); two white flashes every 15 s. Approx. 48 m (157 ft) square cylindrical white metal (aluminum?) tower. A distant photo is available. This tall modern lighthouse was built on Brazil's northernmost cape, across the mouth of the Rio Oyapock from French Guiana, to mark the country's northern border. Accessible only by boat. Site open, tower closed. ARLHS BRA-277; Admiralty G0000.5; NGA 17458.

Calçoene (2)

2006 (station established 1948). Active; focal plane 24 m (79 ft); white flash every 3 s. 20 m (66 ft) square skeletal tower, painted white. No photo available. Located on a small island on the south side of the entrance to the Rio Calçoene. Accessible only by boat. Site open, tower closed. ARLHS BRA-124; Admiralty G0001; NGA 17460.

Guará

Date unknown. Active; focal plane 44 m (144 ft); white flash every 6 s. 42 m (138 ft) square skeletal tower, painted white. No photo available. Located about 30 km (19 mi) north of the northernmost mouth of the Amazon River. Site status unknown. ARLHS BRA-217; Admiralty G0004; NGA 14470.

Bailique (2)

Date unknown (station established 1890). Inactive since 2005. 39 m (128 ft) square skeletal tower, painted white. No photo available. Located on the north side of the entrance to the northernmost mouth of the Amazon River. Site status unknown. ARLHS BRA-009; Admiralty G0005; NGA 14472.

Pará Lighthouses

Ilha do Pará (2)

1990s (station established 1958). Active; focal plane 33 m (108 ft); three white flashes every 10 s. 30 m (98 ft) square white metal (aluminum?) tower. No photo available. This lighthouse marks the entrance to the Rio do Pará and the city of Belém. Site status unknown. ARLHS BRA-053; Admiralty G0005.5; NGA 14474.

* Soure (2) Date unknown (station established 1900). Active; focal plane 35 m (114 ft); two white flashes every 10 s. 30 m (98 ft) square cylindrical concrete tower, built on a square platform projecting into the Baía de Marajó. Lighthouse painted with red and white horizontal bands. A good photo is available, CAMR has a photo, the town of Soure also has a photo, and the shadow of the tower is seen in a Google satellite view. Soure (pronounced "sorry") is the principal town of the Ilha de Marajó, the large island between the mouths of the Amazon and the Rio do Pará; it is accessible by ferry or package tour from Belém. Located in Soure on the west side of the entrance to the Baía de Guajará. Site open, tower closed. ARLHS BRA-198; Admiralty G0021.5; NGA 17560. Salvaterra (Ilha dos Amores) Date unknown. Active; focal plane 14 m (46 ft); white flash every 3 s. Approx. 12 m (39 ft) hexagonal skeletal tower with one enclosed section. Lighthouse painted white. A photo is available (about 1/3 the way down the page). This may be the second tower at this site, since NGA lists an 8 m (26 ft) square skeletal tower. Apparently located on a small island just offshore at Salvaterra, on the west side of the Baía de Marajó. Site status unknown. ARLHS BRA-092; Admiralty G0022; NGA 17562. Joanes (3) Date unknown (station established 1889). Active; focal plane 23 m (75 ft); white flash every 10 s. 17 m (56 ft) square skeletal tower with gallery, painted white. CAMR has a photo, and Google has a satellite view. There is a church near the lighthouse, and also nearby are the ruins of a 17th century mission that was one of the first European outposts in the area. Located on Ponta da Guarita, a promontory on the west side of the Baía de Marajó about 15 km (9 mi) south of Salvaterra. Site status unknown. ARLHS BRA-060; Admiralty G0024; NGA 17564. Itaguarí (Itaguary) 1931. Active; focal plane 12 m (39 ft); white flash every 5 s. 12 m (39 ft) masonry tower, painted white. No photo available. Located on the west side of the Rio Pará about 40 km (25 mi) west of Belém. Site status unknown. ARLHS BRA-251; Admiralty G0052; NGA 17600.

Farol de Soure; Prefeitura de Soure photo

*** Belém (Mangal das Garças)

2005. Active; focal plane about 45 m (148 ft); white flash every 20 s. 47 m (154 ft) square concrete skeletal tower with lantern, four massive legs, a large square central column, and two observation decks. Breno Peck has a fine photo, and a closeup of the top of the tower is available. This striking and very modern lighthouse is the centerpiece of a large park, the Mangal das Garças, adjacent to downtown Belém and at the confluence of the Rio Guamá and Rio Acará. Site open; tower open for climbing at least to the observation decks. Site manager: Estado do Pará. Admiralty G0042.3; NGA 17599.

Forte da Barra (2)

Date unknown (station established about 1923). Active; focal plane 14 m (43 ft); quick-flashing white light. 12 m (39 ft) square masonry tower, painted white. No photo available, but the white building centered in a Google satellite view is probably the lighthouse. Located on the east side of the Rio do Pará at Val de Cães, about 10 miles north of Belém. Site status unknown. ARLHS BRA-259; Admiralty G0038; NGA 17592.

Taipú (2)

Date unknown. Active; focal plane 39 m (128 ft); three white flashes every 15 s. 30 m (98 ft) square cylindrical concrete tower, centered on a 1-story concrete equipment building. Lighthouse painted with red and white horizontal bands. A slide show of excellent photos is available, and another photo is available (3/4 of the way down the page). CAMR has a photo of the original lighthouse, a skeletal tower. This lighthouse marks the east side of the entrance to the Baía de Guajará. Located about 30 km (19 mi) north of Vigia. Site status unknown. ARLHS BRA-200; Admiralty G0020; NGA 17552.

Curuçá

Date unknown (station established 1933). Active; focal plane 44 m (144 ft); three white flashes every 15 s. 42 m (138 ft) skeletal tower, painted with red and white horizontal bands. No photo available. Located on the northern point of Ilha Cajutuba, about 50 km (30 mi) west of Salinópolis. Site status unknown.ARLHS BRA-031; Admiralty G0062; NGA 17652.

Marapanim (Ponta Marapanim) 1952. Active; focal plane 34 m (112 ft); two white flashes every 10 s. 32 m (105 ft) skeletal tower, painted with red and white horizontal bands. Andre Leao has a good photo. Located on a low point of land about 25 km (15 mi) west of Salinópolis. Site status unknown.ARLHS BRA-064; Admiralty G0063; NGA 17656. * Salinópolis (Salinas) (3) 1937 (station established 1852). Active; focal plane 61 m (200 ft); white flash every 6 s. 39 m (128 ft) cast iron skeletal tower with central cylinder, painted red. Breno Peck's photo is at right, Jota Bê has a closeup, and CAMR also has a photo. Antonio Negrao has a closeup and notes that the lighthouse was prefabricated in what was then Austria. Stone ruins of the original lighthouse can be seen on the beach. This lighthouse was shipped to Salinópolis in 1894, but it remained crated until finally assembled in 1937. It is reported that the lighthouse was disassembled and moved at least once to escape beach erosion. Located in Salinópolis, an ocean beach resort about 150 miles northeast of Belém. Site presumably open, tower closed. ARLHS BRA-091; Admiralty G0064; NGA 17660. Quatipuru Date unknown. Active; focal plane 27 m (89 ft); three white flashes every 15 s. 25 m (82 ft) skeletal tower, painted with red and white horizontal bands. No photo available. Located on a low point of land about 60 km (38 mi) northeast of Santarém. Site status unknown. ARLHS BRA-085; Admiralty G0065; NGA 17662.

Farol de Salinas, July 2005 Creative Commons photo by Breno Peck

Apeú (Ilha do Apeú)

1943. Active; focal plane 41 m (135 ft); two white flashes every 15 s. 38 m (125 ft) square skeletal tower with gallery, painted with red and white horizontal bands. The tower also carries a diamond shaped daymark also painted with red and white horizontal bands. CAMR has a photo. Located on an island just offshore about 120 km (75 mi) east of Salinópolis. Site status unknown. ARLHS BRA-004; Admiralty G0070; NGA 17668.

Amazonas Lighthouses
Note: Large ocean-going vessels (including cruise ships) can sail the Amazon River approximately 1500 km (930 mi) to Manaus, the capital of Amazonas state. These three lighthouses are at or near Manaus.
Moronas

1929. Active; focal plane 15 m (49 ft); green flash every 3 s. 16 m (52 ft) round cylindrical concrete tower mounted on a tall, round stepped base. Lighthouse painted white; the base is unpainted. André Stern has a closeup photo that probably shows this light, although it might show Pedra do Jacaré (next entry). Ships must pass between the two lighthouses. Located in mid-river about 35 km (22 mi) east of Manaus. Google has a satellite view. Accessible only by boat. Site open, tower closed. ARLHS BRA-281.

Pedra do Jacaré

1924. Active; focal plane 15 m (49 ft); red flash every 3 s. 16 m (52 ft) round cylindrical concrete tower mounted on a tall, round stepped base. Lighthouse painted white; the base is unpainted. Located in mid-river about 32 km (20 mi) east of Manaus and 2.5 km (1.5 mi) southwest of he Moronas lighthouse. Google has a satellite view. Accessible only by boat. Site open, tower closed. ARLHS BRA-280.

* Manaus

1912(?). Active(?). Approx. 22 m (72 ft) square castellated masonry tower with a round lantern, attached to ornate 4-story customs house. The tower is brown and white; the lantern is painted in a black and yellow checkerboard pattern. The Alfândega (customs house) of Manaus is one of the city's best-known landmarks; it was prefabricated in Britain, shipped to the Amazon, and reassembled stone by stone. The building is now the Port Captain's office. Another excellent photo is available, and Google has a satellite view. Located on Av. Marquesa da Santa Cruz in downtown Manaus, the capital of Amazonas, about 1200 km (750 mi) by air west of Belém. Site open, tower status unknown. ARLHS BRA-283.

Maranhão Lighthouses
Ponta da Praia Grande

Date unknown (around 2000). Active; light characteristics unknown. 45 m (148 ft) skeletal tower. No photo available. Note: there is another lighthouse of this name in São Paulo state. Located on a point of land about 40 km (25 mi) east of Belo. Site status unknown. Admiralty G0070.5.

* São João (Ilha Maiau, Ilha São João) (2)

1940 (station established 1884). Active; focal plane 38 m (125 ft); white light, 2 s on, 8 s off. 30 m (98 ft) round cylindrical concrete tower, painted with black and white horizontal bands, rising from a rectangular 1-story base. The port captain's page has four photos (scroll down the frame to Farol São João), CAMR has a historic photo, and a postage stamp also shows the lighthouse. Located on Ilha Maiau, an island about 25 km (15 mi) off the coast and about 210 km (130 mi) northwest of São Luís. Site status unknown. ARLHS BRA-250; Admiralty G0072; NGA 17672.

Pirajuba

Date unknown. Active; focal plane 64 m (210 ft); three white flashes every 15 s. 22 m (72 ft) skeletal tower, painted white. No photo available. Located on a promontory about 30 km (19 mi) north of Alcantara. Site status unknown. Admiralty G0078; NGA 17680.

Pirarema (Alcantara)

Date unknown. Active; focal plane 55 m (180 ft); white flash every 6 s. 12 m (39 ft) octagonal masonry tower, painted white. No photo available. Located on a promontory about 12 km (7.5 mi) north of Alcantara, across the Baia de São Marcos from São Luís. Site status unknown. ARLHS BRA-071; Admiralty G0079; NGA 17695.

* Ponta de São Marcos (3)

Date unknown (station established 1829). Inactive. 8 m (26 ft) square masonry tower with gallery. The tower appears in photo #3 of Farol São Marcos on the port captain's page. Near the old lighthouse is the active light (focal plane 36 m (118 ft); long (1.1 s) white flash every 10 s) on a tall mast roughly 18 m (60 ft) in height. São Luís was founded as St. Louis by the French in 1612. Located on the Baia de São Marcos in São Luís, the capital of Maranhão, adjacent to the ruins of a 17th century French fort. Google has a satellite view. Site open, tower closed. ARLHS BRA-191; Admiralty G0084; NGA 17688.

Ilha do Medo (3?)

Date unknown (station established 1950). Active; focal plane 60 m (197 ft); three white flashes every 15 s. 31 m (102 ft) skeletal tower mounted on a square masonry tower. No photo available, but Google has a satellite view. Located on the highest point of an island in the Baia de São Marcos about 6 km (4 mi) southwest of São Luís. Accessible only by boat. Site status unknown. ARLHS BRA-052; Admiralty G0087; NGA 17696.

* Araçagi

1957. Active; focal plane 91 m (299 ft); four white flashes every 10 s. 40 m (131 ft) square cylindrical concrete tower, painted in a black and white diamond pattern. Wendell Favacho has a good photo of this stunning lighthouse, CAMR has a closeup, and the port captain's page has four photos (scroll the frame down to Farol Araçagy). Located just off the MA-203 coastal highway about 15 km (10 mi) northeast of São Luís; Google has a satellite view. Site open, tower closed. ARLHS BRA-005; Admiralty G0090; NGA List 17712.

* Ilha de Santana (3) 1883 (station established 1831). Inactive since 1960. Approx. 42 m (138 ft) round cylindrical cast iron tower rising from a circular 2-story cast iron base. Lantern removed; with its lantern the tower height was 46 m (151 ft). The first two towers (1831 and 1861) were destroyed by beach erosion. This tower is safe from the sea but seems about to collapse; according to the port captain's account it remains standing "Por uma ironia da vida" (by an irony of life). A photo is at right. ARLHS BRA-268. * Ilha de Santana (4) 1964 (station established 1831). Active; focal plane 91 m (299 ft); light 6 s on followed by 11 s off; two white showings followed by one red. 49 m (161 ft) masonry tower with lantern and gallery, painted white. The Fresnel lens from the 1883 tower was transferred to this lighthouse. The Port Captain's photo appears at right. Located on an island at the east entrance to the Baia de São Marcos. Site open, tower closed. ARLHS BRA-050; Admiralty G0092; NGA 17716. Lençóis Grandes Date unknown. Active; focal plane 72 m (236 ft); one long (2 s) white flash every 15 s. 42 m (138 ft) square skeletal tower, painted red. No photo available. Located at the western edge of the huge Lençóis Grandes dune field. Site status unknown. ARLHS BRA-148; Admiralty G0093; NGA 17718. **** Preguiças (Mandacaru) (2) 1940 (station established 1909). Active; focal plane 46 m (151 ft); white flash every 3 s. 35 m (115 ft) round cylindrical concrete tower with four ribs, lantern, and double gallery, painted white with four narrow horizontal black bands. 3° Fresnel lens in use. Staffed light station with two 1-story keeper's quarters. Ricardo Ferreira's photo appears at the top of this page, and the port captain's site has three photos. By far the best known lighthouse of Maranhão state, the tower is at the edge of the Parque Nacional dos Lençóis, which preserves a vast wilderness of sand dunes and ponds. Located at Mandacaru, on the west side of the Rio Preguiça, which is the border of Maranhão and Piauí states. Site open; tower open daily (and there is an elevator for those who can't climb the 160 steps). ARLHS BRA-089; Admiralty G0094; NGA 17720.

Faróis de Santana Capitania dos Portos de Maranhão photo

* Tutóia

Date unknown. Active; focal plane 18 m (59 ft); white flash everu 10 s. 12 m (39 ft) square skeletal tower with gallery and a small lantern, painted white. The ower also calls a diamond-shaped slatted daymark. Sergio Ramos has a small photo (about 2/3 of the way down the page). Located on a point of land about 10 km (6 mi) west of Tutóia. Site open, tower closed. ARLHS BRA-205; Admiralty G0097; NGA 17724.

Piauí Lighthouses
* Pedra do Sal

1928 (station established 1873). Active; focal plane 15 m (49 ft); white flash every 6 s. 14 m (46 ft) octagonal white concrete tower with gallery. A photo and a closeup are available, Helder Fontenele has a more distant view, a postage stamp also depicts the lighthouse, and Google has a satellite view. In December 2007, it was reported that a wall has been built around the lighthouse to deter vandals. Located on a rocky point north of Parnaíba, west of the principal mouth of the Rio Parnaíba. Site open, tower closed. ARLHS BRA-070; Admiralty G0102; NGA 17736.

Luís Correia

1948 (station established 1917). Active; focal plane 29 m (95 ft); white flash every 5 s. 20 m (66 ft) skeletal tower, painted with black and white horizontal bands. No photo available, but Google has a satellite view. Located on a promontory backed by a large dune field about 10 km (6 mi) east of the town of Luís Correia. There does not appear to be road access to this site, but presumably it can be reached by 4WD along the beach. Site open, tower closed. ARLHS BRA-061; Admiralty G0104; NGA 17740.

Ceará Lighthouses
* Camocim (Trapiá) (3)

Date unknown (station established 1895). Active; focal plane 20 m (66 ft); three white flashes every 10 s. 15 m (49 ft) square cylindrical masonry tower with gallery, painted white. A Google satellite view reveals that the neighboring keeper's house has been demolished. Although it appears to be accessible by road, this lighthouse does not seem to be well known. Located about 5 km (3 mi) north of Camocim, a fishing port in the northwestern corner of Ceará. Site open, tower closed. ARLHS BRA-126; Brazil 852; Admiralty G0108; NGA 17748.

* Jericoacoara (3)

1992 (station established 1923). Active; focal plane 101 m (331 ft); white light, 2 s on, 8 s off. 6 m (20 ft) square cylindrical concrete tower, painted with black and white horizontal bands. Ariel Diacovetzky also has a photo, and Google has a satellite view. There are probably many small lighthouses of this type in Brazil. Located atop a headland projecting into the sea near the popular beach resort of Jericoacoara (this headland is claimed to be the only place in Brazil where the sun both rises and sets over the sea). Site open, tower closed. ARLHS BRA-059; Brazil 860; Admiralty G0110; NGA 17756.

* Itapajé (3)

Date unknown (station established 1909). Active; focal plane 46 m (151 ft); two white flashes every 15 s. 43 m (141 ft) square pyramidal steel skeletal tower, painted with black and white horizontal bands. The tower also carries a rectangular slatted daymark near the top. Lighthouse Explorer, courtesy of Michel Forand, has a postcard view of the original lighthouse, which was replaced in 1933. Google has a satellite view. Located in what appears to be a coconut orchard beside the coastal highway about 16 km (10 mi) east of Acaraú. Site open, tower closed. ARLHS BRA-057; Brazil 864; Admiralty G0114; NGA 17760.

* Mundaú (3)

Date unknown (station established 1923). Active; focal plane 33 m (108 ft); white flash every 3 s. 7 m (23 ft) square cylindrical concrete tower, painted with red and white horizontal bands. Sibling of Jericoacoara. Located across the coastal road from the beach at Mundaú, about 150 km (90 mi) west of Fortaleza. Google has a satellite view. Site open, tower closed. ARLHS BRA-159; Brazil 868; Admiralty G0116; NGA 17764.

* Paracurú

Date unknown. Active; focal plane 80 m (252 ft); one long (1.2 s ) white flash every 10 s. 75 m (246 ft) square skeletal tower, painted with red and white horizontal bands. Although it is not a traditional lighthouse, this is an exceptionally tall aid to navigation and a prominent landmark on the coast. A Google satellite view shows the lighthouse standing in an industrial compound. Located on the Ponta Paracurú, a headland about 90 km (55 mi) west of Fortaleza. Site and tower closed, but clearly there are good views from outisde the compound. ARLHS BRA-276; Brazil 882; Admiralty G0117; NGA 17766.

* Pecém Date unknown (probably recent). Active; focal plane 75 m (246 ft); flash every 10 s, two white flashes followed by one red flash. 30 m (98 ft) square pyramidal steel skeletal tower with gallery, standing on a square 1-story concrete equipment building. Lighthouse painted with red and white horizontal bands, equipment building painted white. Ponta Pecém is a sharp headland located about 40 km (25 mi) northwest of Fortaleza. A container ship terminal has built off the point, with quays connected to shore by a long single-lane bridge. The lighthouse stands on heights just southwest of the terminal; Google has a satellite view. Site open, tower closed. ARLHS BRA-285; Brazil 884; Admiralty G0119; NGA 17766.5. * Mucuripe (1) (Velho Farol de Fortaleza) 1846. Inactive since 1957. Baroque 2-story hexagonal masonry building with lantern centered on the roof. Lighthouse painted white with yellow trim. Restored in 1981-82, the building was used first as a restaurant and then as a museum, the Museu do Farol. However, the museum closed in 2004, and the building is now abandoned and in need of maintenance. In Marcelo Dutra's April 2006 photo, the paint seems fresh but a lantern window is missing. One of the oldest buildings in Fortaleza, the capital of Ceará. Site open, tower closed. Owner: unknown. Owner/site manager: Prefeitura Municipal de Fortaleza. ARLHS BRA-262. Mucuripe (2) 1958. Active; focal plane 85 m (279 ft); two white flashes every 10 s. 22 m (72 ft) round masonry tower with four ribs, lantern and gallery, attached to a small equipment building. The tower is wider at the top than at the bottom, but in closeup photos this makes the sides appear vertical in perspective. Lighthouse painted with black and white horizontal bands. CAMR's photo is at right, W. Massari has a photo, the port captain's office also has a page for the lighthouse, and Google has a satellite view. Located on a ridge about 2.5 km (1.5 mi) south of the port in the Mucuripe district east of downtown Fortaleza. Site and tower closed. The tower can be seen from streets nearby, but the neighborhood of the lighthouse is described as "unfriendly." ARLHS BRA-261; Brazil 936; Admiralty G0122; NGA 17768. Titan Breakwater Date unknown. Active; focal plane 15 m (49 ft); green flash every 3 s. 12 m (39 ft) square pyramidal skeletal tower with gallery, painted white. Located at the end of the main breakwater of Fortaleza; Google has a satellite view. Site and tower closed. ARLHS BRA-275; Brazil 924; Admiralty G0124; NGA 17772. * Morro Branco Date unknown. Active; focal plane 107 m (351 ft); five white flashes every 60 s. 25 m (82 ft) square masonry tower, centered on a square 1-story concrete equipment building. Entire lighthouse painted white. Wim Laureys has a closeup, a distant view is available, and Google has a satellite view. This lighthouse appears to be a sibling of the Farol de Camocim (above). Located atop well-known white bluffs about 80 km (50 mi) southeast of Fortaleza. Site open, tower closed. ARLHS BRA-260; Brazil 938; Admiralty G0125.5; NGA 17802. * Aracati (2) 1928 (station established 1873). Active; focal plane 34 m (112 ft); white flash every 6 s. 12 m (39 ft) round masonry tower, painted red, with keeper's quarters. Located above the beach in Aracati, on the north side of the entrance to the Rio Jaguaribe. Google has an indistinct satellite view. Site open, tower closed. ARLHS BRA-006; Brazil 940; Admiralty G0126; NGA 17804.

Farol Novo de Mucuripe; CAMR photo

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Posted February 16, 2004. Checked and revised February 6, 2008. Lighthouses: 45. Site copyright 2008 Russ Rowlett and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.