Lighthouses of Tanzania

Located on the east coast of Africa, the nation of Tanzania was formed by a merger of two dissimilar British colonies, Tanganyika and Zanzibar. Tanganyika, which included all the mainland of the present country and also Mafia Island, was a German colony (German East Africa) until it was captured by British troops in World War I. Zanzibar, which includes the islands of Unguja (Zanzibar) and Pemba, has a long history as an Arab outpost on the African coast. It was also the site of a Portuguese trading post throughout most of the 16th and 17th centuries, until the Sultan of Oman drove the Portuguese out in 1698. Zanzibar was placed under a British protectorate beginning in 1890, but it continued to be governed more or less autonomously as a sultanate. As a result, the lighthouses of Zanzibar are of indigenous Arab design rather than British colonial.

A large lighthouse tower was under construction in Dar Es Salaam in 2007; we don't know if this is purely a tourist attraction or also an aid to navigation.

In Swahili, the common language of the Tanzanian coast, the word for a lighthouse is mnarani (a word related to the Arabic manara). Lighthouses in Tanzania are operated by the Tanzania Ports Authority.

ARLHS numbers are from the ARLHS World List of Lights. Light List numbers are from volume D of the Admiralty List of Lights & Fog Signals. U.S. NGA List numbers are from Publication 112.

General Sources
Afrikanische Leuchttürme auf historischen Postkarten
Historic postcard views posted by Klaus Huelse.
Lighthouses of Tanzania in Danger
This July 2008 article in Lighthouse Digest carries alarming reports and photos showing the lighthouses of the Tanga area abandoned and stripped by vandals.

Ras Kigomasha Light
Ras Kigomasha Light, Pemba Island, August 2010
Creative Commons photo by Marcel Oosterwijk
Tanga Region Lighthouses
Ulenge Island Range Rear (Tanga Bay)
1894. Inactive since 2008. 26 m (85 ft) square stone tower with lantern and gallery, painted white with a black horizontal band. Sybille Riedmueller supplied a photo to Lighthouse Digest, Simon Attwell has a 2006 view from the sea, Wikimedia has a historic photo taken around 1910, Huelse has a historic postcard view, and Google has a satellite view. This was the only Tanga light until the range was established in 1929. Gravely endangered. Ms. Riedmueller reports that the Fresnel lens was smashed by vandals and the lantern subsequently removed. The tower itself is in dilipidated condition. Located on Ulenge Island, a small island on the north side of the entrance to Tanga Bay. Site status unknown. ARLHS TAN-013; Admiralty D6754.1; NGA 31300.
Ulenge Island Range Front (2)
Date unknown (station established 1929). Inactive since 2008. 15 m (49 ft) concrete tower. No photo available, but Google has a satellite view. Located 320 m (0.2 mi) southeast of the rear light. Site status unknown. ARLHS TAN-012; Admiralty D6754; NGA 31296.
* Ras Kasone (Kazone) Range Rear
Date unknown. Inactive since 2008. 13 m (43 ft) round cylindrical concrete tower topped by a circular harbor control room, gallery, and signal mast. The light was probably displayed from the gallery. Entire lighthouse is white concrete. Hans Martin's photo is at right, and Google has a satellite view. The control room has been abandoned and the tower stripped of all its equipment. Located on Ras Kasone, the cape at the entrance to Tanga harbor. Site status unknown. Admiralty D6757.1; NGA 31336.
Ras Kasone (Kazone) Range Front
Date unknown. Active(?); focal plane 8.5 m (28 ft); white flash every 1.5 s. 12 m (39 ft) tower; NGA calls it a "framework structure," but Google's satellite view suggests a concrete tower. No photo available. Located 560 m (0.35 mi) east of the rear light. Accessible only by boat. Site open, tower closed. Admiralty D6757; NGA 31332.

Pemba Island Lighthouses
**** Ras Kigomasha
1904. Active; focal plane 38 m (125 ft); flash every 55 s (!), alternately red and white. 27 m (89 ft) hexagonal cast iron skeletal tower with lantern, gallery, and central cylinder. Entire lighthouse painted white. Two 1-story keeper's houses. Marcel Ooosterwijk's photo is at at the top of this page, an October 2007 photo and a June 2010 photo are available, and Google has a good satellite view. The lighthouse was prefabricated in England. Located on the northwestern tip of Pemba. Accessible by road (4WD recommended). Site open; the keeper will allow visitors to climb the tower, for a fee. ARLHS TAN-023; Admiralty D6746; NGA 31276.

Ras Kasone Range Rear Light, April 2009
photo copyright Hans Martin; used by permission
Matumbe Makupa
Date unknown. Active; focal plane 33 m (108 ft); three white flashes every 20 s. 31 m (101 ft) square stone tower, painted with red and white horizontal bands. No photo available, but Google has a good satellite view. Located on a small island off the southwestern tip of Pemba. Accessible only by boat. Site presumably open, tower status unknown. ARLHS TAN-020; Admiralty D6751; NGA 31280.

Zanzibar Lighthouses
* Ras Makunduchi
Date unknown. Active; focal plane 44 m (144 ft); two white flashes every 15 s. 27 m (89 ft) tower, painted with red and white horizontal bands. Marco Prete has a 2009 photo, and Google has an indistinct satellite view. Located on the southeastern point of the island, near the village of Makunduchi. Site open, tower closed. ARLHS TAN-024; Admiralty D6700; NGA 31428.
Pungume Island
Date unknown (station established 1919). Active; focal plane 26 m (85 ft); white flash every 3 s. 22 m (72 ft) square tower, painted with black and white vertical stripes. A closeup and a photo taken from the sea are available, and Google has a good satellite view. The lighthouse was in poor condition at the time of these photos (2003). Pungume is a small island off the southwestern coast of Zanzibar. Located at the southern tip of the island. Accessible only by boat. ARLHS TAN-022; Admiralty D6702; NGA 31424.
**** Chumbe
1904. Active; focal plane 37 m (121 ft); white flash every 11 s. 34 m (112 ft) square 5-stage stone tower with lantern and gallery, painted white. Original 4th order Fresnel lens in use, lit by an AGA acetylene system installed in 1926. Keeper's house and a small mosque, built for the keepers, nearby. The keeper's house includes a restaurant and a small museum. Seven modern cottages provide overnight accommodations. The lighthouse, deteriorated after years of automated operation, was partially restored by Chumbe Island Coral Park, Ltd., which also operates the restaurant and cottages and offers day tours of the island and lighthouse. Jeremy Newhouse's photo is at right, Penny Wilby has a good photo, a 2010 photo is available, and Google has a satellite view. Lighthouse Digest has Jeremy D'Entremont's feature article on the lighthouse in connection with its 100th anniversary, celebrated in August 2004. This is easily Tanzani'a best known lighthouse. Located on a small island 13 km (8 mi) southwest of Stonetown, Zanzibar's main harbor. Accessible by passenger ferry. Site open, tower open to guided tours. Site manager: Chumbe Island Coral Park. ARLHS TAN-016; Admiralty D6704; NGA 31416.
* Kiungani Range Rear
Date unknown. Active; focal plane 40 m (131 ft); white flash every 6 s. 13 m (43 ft) square cylindrical stone tower, painted white. No photo available, but Google has a satellite view. Located on the west side of Nyerere Road south of Stone Town. Site open, tower status unknown. Admiralty D6706.1; NGA 31408.

Chumbe Light, September 2007
photo copyright Jeffrey Newhouse
used by permission
* Shangani (Beit-el-Ajaib, "House of Wonders") Clock Tower (2)
1924 (station established 1890s). Active; focal plane 44 m (144 ft); continuous white light. Light mounted on a mast atop a square clock tower on the front of a large palace. Entire building painted white. Munisch Bhagwanani has a 2007 closeup, Jay Green has a good photo, Nasir Fazal has posted many photos, and a Google satellite view is available. The Beit-el-Ajaib, or House of Wonders, was built by the Sultan Sayyid Barghash around 1883 as a ceremonial palace. A square clock tower and lighthouse was built in front of the palace. In 1896, the buildings were badly damaged when British warships shelled the town during a brief dispute over the royal succession, a conflict known in Zanzibar as the Shortest War in History. When the building was rebuilt in 1899-1900, the clock tower was incorporated into the center of the front of building, creating one of Zanzibar's best known landmarks. The building has been used as a royal residence and for government offices; it is now a museum. Located on the waterfront of Stone Town. Site open, building open, but tower closed. Site manager: Zanzibar Department of Archives, Museums, and Antiquities. ARLHS TAN-026; Admiralty D6718; NGA 31384.
Marubi Palace Gardens Range Rear
Date unknown. Active; focal plane 28 m (92 ft); white light, 3 s on, 3 s off. 7 m (42 ft) skeletal tower mounted on a square stone tower. Entire lighthouse is white. No photo available, but Google has a satellite view. Located in the palace gardens on the north side of Stone Town. Site status unknown. ARLHS TAN-004; Admiralty D6726.1; NGA 31380.
Mangapwani (2)
1926 (station established 1886). Active; focal plane 35 m (115 ft); white flash every 15 s. 23 m (75 ft) square tower, painted white with a red base. No photo available, but clouds block Google's satellite view. Located on a promontory on the northwest coast of the island about 25 km (15 mi) north of Stone Town. Site status unknown. ARLHS TAN-018; Admiralty D6738; NGA 31356.
Tumbatu (Mwana Wa Mwana) Island
1889. Active; focal plane 26 m (85 ft); white flash every 10 s. 23 m (75 ft) six-stage square stone tower with lantern and gallery. The lighthouse appears to be unpainted white stone. Peppe Nesta has a photo, a view from the sea is available, and Google has a satellite view. This not-so-well known tower is very similar to the famous Chumbe Light, but it is 15 years older. Tumbatu is a long, narrow island off the northwest coast of Zanzibar; it has several resorts, and transportation can be arranged from Stone Town or Nikokotoni. Located on an islet just off the northern tip of the island. Site probably open, tower closed. ARLHS TAN-021; Admiralty D6740; NGA 31344.
Ras Nungwi (Hog Point) (2)
1926 (station established 1881). Active; focal plane 18 m (60 ft); white flash every 5 s. 14 m (46 ft) 3-stage square tower with lantern and gallery, rising through the center of a 1-story keeper's house. Building painted white, lantern red. A photo is at right, a closeup photo is available, Henry and Tersia Claasen have a December 2008 photo, and Google has a satellite view. Zanzibar's oldest light station may be endangered: beach erosion has created a steep scarp in front of the building. The light station is adjacent to a resort, the Mnarani Beach Cottages. Located at the northern tip of Zanzibar. Site open, tower closed. ARLHS TAN-025; Admiralty D6742; NGA 31340.
Ras Nungwi Light
Ras Nungwi Light, September 2007
anonymous Creative Commons photo

Dar Es Salaam Lighthouses
Outer Makatumbe (Dar Es Salaam Bay Range Rear)
1894. Active; focal plane 29 m (95 ft); three white flashes every 20 s; in addition an occulting white light is shown southwestward as the rear light of the Makatumbe range. 29 m (95 ft) square masonry tower with lantern and gallery. Lighthouse painted with red and white horizontal bands. A distant photo also shows the front range light with a red triangular daymark. Huelse has a historic postcard view, and Google has a satellite view. The lighthouse appears to be a sibling of the Ras Mkumbi Light. It was refurbished as part of a harbor improvement project between 1997 and 1999. Located on a small, uninhabited island at the outer (northeastern) edge of a reef off Dar Es Salaam harbor. Accessible only by boat. Site status unknown. ARLHS TAN-004; Admiralty D6672; NGA 31432.
Oyster Bay Range Front
Date unknown. Active; focal plane 20 m (66 ft); quick-flashing white light. 9 m (29 ft) round cylindrical tower centered on a circular 1-story equipment room, painted white with a red vertical stripe on the range line. A photo, a second photo, and a 2009 photo are available, and Google has a satellite view. Oyster Bay, on the north side of Dar Es Salaam, was an area of European settlement in colonial times and is now an area of beach resorts. Located on the waterfront just off Kaunda Drive. Site status unknown. ARLHS TAN-005; Admiralty D6674; NGA 31436.
* Oyster Bay Range Rear
Date unknown. Active; focal plane 37 m (121 ft); quick-flashing white light. 26 m (85 ft) square stone tower with lantern, attached to the front of a red-roofed building. Tower painted white with a red vertical stripe on the range line; lantern painted red. No photo available, but Google has a satellite view. We need a photo of this highly accessible lighthouse! Located on Kenyatta Drive just north of Kaunda Drive, 400 m (1/4 mi) west southwest of the front light. Site open, tower closed. ARLHS TAN-006; Admiralty D6674.1; NGA 31440.

Pwani Region Lighthouses
Ras Kanzi (2)
Date unknown (station established 1897). Active; focal plane 28 m (92 ft); white flash every 10 s. Approx. 12 m (40 ft) round hourglass-shaped white fiberglass tower. No photo available, but Google has a satellite view. Located adjacent to the ruined historic lighthouse. Admiralty D6668; NGA 31484.
Ras Kanzi (1)
1897. Inactive and in ruins. Originally a 12 m (40 ft) gray square stucco-covered stone tower, attached to a keeper's house; all structures are in ruins, unroofed and collapsing. Google has a good satellite view. Located on a promontory about 35 km (22 mi) southeast of Dar Es Salaam, marking the southern entrance to the Zanzibar Channel. Site open, tower open but dangerous. ARLHS TAN-008.
** Ras Mkumbi (Moresby Point, Mafia Island)
1894. Active; focal plane 31 m (102 ft); white flash every 5 s. 30 m (98 ft) square masonry tower with lantern and gallery, attached to a 1-story keeper's house. Lighthouse painted white with red horizontal bands on the upper half; the lantern dome is also painted red. Matt Hinckley's photo is at right, Chris Standen also has a photo, and a travel blog has a photo, but Google has only a very distant satellite view of the location. Mafia Island is a 50 km (30 mi) long island off the southeast coast of Tanzania; it was under Arab control until it was purchased by Germany in 1890. Part of the island and the waters around the island are now incorporated in the Mafia Island Marine Park, and a number of resorts have been built on the island. The lighthouse is located on the northernmost tip of Mafia Island, accessible by 4WD. Site open; it is reported that the tower is open for climbing. ARLHS TAN-011; Admiralty D6666; NGA 31492.
Fanjove Island (2)
1924 (station established 1894). Inactive since sometime after 1987. 17 m (55 ft) square tower with lantern and gallery rising from the center of a 1-story keeper's house. Lighthouse painted white. No photo available, but Google has a good satellite view. There is a painting (almost halfway down the page) of the original lighthouse, a round, tapered tower. Located on a small island at the southern end of the Mafia group. Accessible only by boat. Site open, tower closed. ARLHS TAN-015; Admiralty D6662.

Lindi Region Lighthouse
Ras Shuka
Date unknown. Active; focal plane 15 m (49 ft); white flash every 5 s. 6 m (20 ft) post light attached to a square service building. No photo available, but Google has a good satellite view. Located on a promontory at the eastern entrance to the Lindi estuary. Probably accessible only by boat. Site status unknown. Admiralty D6654; NGA 31500.
Ras Mkumbi Light
Ras Mkumbi Light, September 2006
photo copyright Matt Hinckley; permission requested

Mtwara Region Lighthouse
Ras Msangamkuu
Date unknown. Active; focal plane 26 m (85 ft); white flash every 10 s. 21 m (69 ft) square pyramidal skeletal tower, painted white. No photo available, but the shadow of the tower is seen in a Google satellite view. Located on a sharp promontary at the eastern entrance to Mikindani Bay, about 10 km (6 mi) northeast of Mtwara in the far south of Tanzania. Site status unknown. ARLHS TAN-014; Admiralty D6650; NGA 31516.

Information available on lost lighthouses:

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Notable faux lighthouses:

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Adjoining pages: North: Kenya | South: Mozambique

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Posted June 12, 2005. Checked and revised June 8, 2011. Lighthouses: 24. Site copyright 2011 Russ Rowlett and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.