BOOKS 

• Sanna, L. J., & Chang, E. C. (Eds.). (2006). Judgments over time: The interplay of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. New York: Oxford University Press.
• Chang, E. C., D’Zurilla, T. J., & Sanna, L. J. (Eds.). (2004). Social problem solving: Theory, research, and training. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
• Chang, E. C., & Sanna, L. J. (Eds.). (2003). Virtue, vice, and personality: The complexity of behavior. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
• Parks, C. D., & Sanna, L. J. (1999). Group performance and interaction. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
  

ARTICLES AND CHAPTERS

Click the titles for a PDF, when available.  All materials are copyrighted by the respective publishers and downloading is provided for personal educational use only. 

• Sanna, L. J. (in press). Debiasing. In H. Pashler, T. Crane, M. Kinsbourne, F. Ferreira, & R. Zemel (Eds.), Encyclopedia of the mind. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
• Sanna, L. J., Panter, A. T., Cohen T. R., & Kennedy, L. A. (in press). Planning the future and assessing the past: Temporal biases and debiasing in program evaluation. In M. M. Mark, S. I. Donaldson & B. Campbell (Eds.), Social psychology and evaluation: The past, the present, and possible futures. New York: Guilford Press.
• Chang, E. C., Sanna, L. J., Kim, J. M., & Srivastava, K. (in press). Optimistic and pessimistic bias in European Americans and Asian Americans: A preliminary look at distinguishing between predictions for physical and psychological health outcomes. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology.
• Sanna, L. J., Chang, E. C.,  Parks, C. D., & Kennedy, L. A. (2009). Construing collective concerns: Increasing cooperation by broadening construals in social dilemmas. Psychological Science, 20, 1319-1321.
  
• Chang, E. C., Chang, R., & Sanna, L. J. (2009). Optimism, pessimism, and motivation: Relations to adjustment. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 3, 494-506.
  
• Sanna, L. J., Kennedy, L. A., Chang, E. C., & Miceli, P. M. (2009). When thoughts don’t feel like they used to: Changing feelings of subjective ease in judgments of the past. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 45, 940-946.
  
• Chang, E. C., D’Zurilla, T. J., & Sanna, L. J. (2009). Social problem solving as a mediator of the link between stress and psychological well-being in middle-adulthood. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 33, 33-49.
  
• Sanna, L. J., Schwarz, N., & Kennedy, L. A. (2009). It’s hard to imagine: Mental simulation, metacognitive experiences, and the success of debiasing. In K. D. Markman, W. M. P. Klein, & J. A. Suhr (Eds.), Handbook of imagination and mental simulation (pp. 197-210). New York: Psychology Press.
  
• Carter, S. E., & Sanna, L. J. (2008). It’s not just what you say but when you say it: Self-presentation and temporal construal. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 44, 1339-1345.
• Zumberg, K. M., Chang, E. C., & Sanna, L. J. (2008). Does problem orientation involve more than generalized self-efficacy? Predicting psychological and physical functioning in college students. Personality and Individual Differences, 45, 328-332.
• Penn, D. L., Sanna, L. J., & Roberts, D. L. (2008). Social cognition in schizophrenia: An overview. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 34, 408-411.
• Chang, E. C., Sanna, L. J., Chang, R., & Bodem, M. R. (2008). A preliminary look at loneliness as a moderator of the link between perfectionism and depressive and anxious symptoms in college students: Does being lonely make perfectionistic strivings more distressing? Behaviour Research and Therapy, 46, 877-886.
• Chang, R., Chang, E. C., Sanna, L. J., & Hatcher, R. L. (2008). Optimism and pessimism as personality variables linked to adjustment. In G. J. Boyle, G. Matthews, & D. H. Saklofske (Eds.), Handbook of personality theory and testing (Vol. 1, pp. 470-485). London: Sage Publications.
• Chang, E. C., Chang, R., Sanna, L. J., & Kade, A. M. (2008). Self-criticism and self-enhancement: From complexities of the present to a complex future. In E. C. Chang (Ed.), Self-criticism and self-enhancement: Theory, research, and clinical implications (pp. 247-265). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
• Sanna, L. J. (2007). When imagination is difficult: Metacognitive experiences at the fault lines of reality. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 30, 464-465.
  
• Chang, E. C., & Sanna, L. J. (2007). Affectivity and psychological adjustment across two adult generations: Does pessimistic explanatory style still matter? Personality and Individual Differences, 43, 1149-1159.
  
• Sanna, L. J., & Schwarz, N. (2007). Metacognitive experiences and hindsight bias: It’s not just the thought (content) that counts! Social Cognition, 25, 185-202.
• Chang, E. C., Zumberg, K. M., Sanna, L. J., Girz, L. P., Kade, A. M., Shair, S. R., Hermann, N. B., & Srivastava, K. (2007). Relationship between perfectionism and domains of worry in a college student population: Considering the role of BIS/BAS motives. Personality and Individual Differences, 43, 925-936.
• Schwarz, N., Sanna, L. J., Skurnik, I., & Yoon, C. (2007). Metacognitive experiences and the intricacies of setting people straight: Implications for debiasing and public information campaigns. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 39, 127-161.
• Chang, E. C., Sanna, L. J., Riley, M. M., Thornburg, A. M., Zumberg, K. M., & Edwards, M. C. (2007). Relations between problem-solving styles and psychological outcomes in young adults: Is stress a mediating variable? Personality and Individual Differences, 42, 135-144.
• Sanna, L. J. (2007). Debiasing. In R. F. Baumeister & K. D. Vohs (Eds.), Encyclopedia of social psychology (Vol. 1, pp. 218-220). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
• Sanna, L. J., & Schwarz, N. (2006). Metacognitive experiences and human judgment: The case of hindsight bias and its debiasing. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 15, 172-176.
• Sanna, L. J., Chang, E. C., Carter, S. E., & Small, E. M. (2006). The future is now: Prospective temporal self-appraisals among defensive pessimists and optimists. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 32, 727-739.
• Carter, S. E., & Sanna, L. J. (2006). Are we as good as we think? Observers’ perceptions of indirect self-presentation as a social influence tactic. Social Influence, 1, 185-207.
  
• Sanna, L. J., Carter, S. E., & Small, E. M. (2006). The road not taken: Counterfactual thinking over time. In L. J. Sanna & E. C. Chang (Eds.), Judgments over time: The interplay of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors (pp. 163-181). New York: Oxford University Press.
• Sanna, L. J., & Chang, E. C. (2006). Past as prologue: An introduction to judgments over time. In L. J. Sanna & E. C. Chang (Eds.), Judgments over time: The interplay of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors (pp. 3-10). New York: Oxford University Press.
• Sanna, L. J., & Chang, E. C. (2006). Future as epilogue: Some conclusions on judgments over time. In L. J. Sanna & E. C. Chang (Eds.), Judgments over time: The interplay of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors (pp. 291-297). New York: Oxford University Press.
• Sanna, L. J., Parks, C. D., Chang, E. C., & Carter, S. E. (2005). The hourglass is half full or half empty: Temporal framing and the group planning fallacy. Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice, 9, 173-188.
  
• Sanna, L. J., Carter, S. E., & Burkley, E. (2005). Yesterday, today, and tomorrow: Counterfactual thinking and beyond. In A. J. Strathman & J. A. Joireman (Eds.), Understanding behavior in the context of time: Theory, research, and application (pp. 165-185). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
• Roese, N. J., Sanna, L. J., & Galinsky, A. D. (2005). The mechanics of imagination: Automaticity and control in counterfactual thinking. In R. R. Hassan, J. S. Uleman, & J. A. Bargh (Eds.), The new unconscious (pp. 138-170). New York: Oxford University Press.
• Sanna, L. J., Chang, E. C., & Carter, S. E. (2004). All our troubles seem so far away: Temporal pattern to accessible alternatives and retrospective team appraisals. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 30, 1359-1371.
• Sanna, L. J., & Schwarz, N. (2004). Integrating temporal biases: The interplay of focal thoughts and accessibility experiences. Psychological Science, 15, 474-481.
• Steel, J. L., Sanna, L. J., Hammond, B., Whipple, J. H., & Cross, H. (2004). Psychological sequelae of childhood sexual abuse: Abuse-related characteristics, coping strategies, and attributional style. Child Abuse & Neglect, 28, 785-801.
• Sanna, L. J., Small, E. M., & Cook, L. M. (2004). Social problem solving and mental simulation: Heuristics and biases on the route to effective decision making. In E. C. Chang, T. J. D’Zurilla, & L. J. Sanna (Eds.), Social problem solving: Theory, research, and training (pp. 135-149). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
• Chang, E. C., D’Zurilla, T. J., & Sanna, L. J. (2004). Introduction: Social problem solving for the real world. In E. C. Chang, T. J. D’Zurilla, & L. J. Sanna (Eds.), Social problem solving: Theory, research, and training (pp. 3-7). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
• D’Zurilla, T. J., Chang, E. C., & Sanna, L. J. (2004). Social problem solving: Current status and future trends. In E. C. Chang, T. J. D’Zurilla, & L. J. Sanna (Eds.), Social problem solving: Theory, research, and training (pp. 241-253). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
• Sanna, L. J., & Small, E. M. (2004). Defensive pessimism. In W. E. Craighead & C. B. Nemerhoff (Eds.), The concise Corsini encyclopedia of psychology and behavioral science (3rd ed., pp. 266-267). New York: John Wiley & Sons.
• D’Zurilla, T. J., Chang, E. C., & Sanna, L. J. (2003). Self-esteem and social problem solving as predictors of aggression in college students. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 22, 424-440.
• Sanna, L. J., & Chang, E. C. (2003). The past is not what it used to be: Optimists’ use of retroactive pessimism to diminish the sting of failure. Journal of Research in Personality, 37, 388-404.
• Chang, E. C., Sanna, L. J., & Yang, K.-M. (2003). Optimism, pessimism, affectivity, and psychological adjustment in US and Korea: A test of a mediation model. Personality and Individual Differences, 34, 1195-1208.
• Sanna, L. J., Parks, C. D., & Chang, E. C. (2003). Mixed-motive conflict in social dilemmas: Mood as input to competitive and cooperative goals. Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice, 7, 26-40.
• Parks, C. D., Sanna, L. J., & Posey, D. C. (2003). Retrospection in social dilemmas: How thinking about the past affects future cooperation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84, 988-996.
• Sanna, L. J., & Schwarz, N. (2003). Debiasing the hindsight bias: The role of accessibility experiences and (mis)attributions. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 39, 287-295.
• Chang, E. C., & Sanna, L. J. (2003). Experience of life hassles and psychological adjustment among adolescents: Does it make a difference if one is optimistic or pessimistic? Personality and Individual Differences, 34, 867-879.
• Sanna, L. J., Parks, C. D., Meier, S., Chang, E. C., Kassin, B. R., Lechter, J. L., Turley-Ames, K. J., & Miyake, T. M. (2003). A game of inches: Spontaneous use of counterfactuals by broadcasters during Major League Baseball playoffs. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 33, 455-475.
• Chang, E. C., & Sanna, L. J. (2003). Optimism, accumulated life stress, and psychological and physical adjustment: Is it always adaptive to expect the best? Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 22, 96-114.
• Sanna, L. J., Stocker, S. L., & Clarke, J. A. (2003). Rumination, imagination, and personality: Specters of the past and future in the present. In E. C. Chang & L. J. Sanna (Eds.), Virtue, vice, and personality: The complexity of behavior (pp. 105-124). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
• Chang, E. C., & Sanna, L. J. (2003). Beyond virtue and vice in personality: Classical themes and current trends. In E. C. Chang & L. J. Sanna (Eds.), Virtue, vice, and personality: The complexity of behavior (pp. xix-xxvi). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
• Sanna, L. J., & Chang, E. C. (2003). Beyond virtue and vice in personality: Some final thoughts. In E. C. Chang & L. J. Sanna (Eds.), Virtue, vice, and personality: The complexity of behavior (pp. 177-179). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
• Sanna, L. J., Schwarz, N., & Small, E. M. (2002). Accessibility experiences and the hindsight bias: I knew it all along versus it could never have happened. Memory & Cognition, 30, 1288-1296.
• Sanna, L. J., Schwarz, N., & Stocker, S. L. (2002). When debiasing backfires: Accessible content and accessibility experiences in debiasing hindsight. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 28, 497-502.
• Chang, E. C., Asakawa, K., & Sanna, L. J. (2001). Cultural variations in optimistic and pessimistic bias: Do Easterners really expect the worst and Westerners really expect the best when predicting future life events? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 81, 476-491.
• Sanna, L. J., Chang, E. C., & Meier, S. (2001). Counterfactual thinking and self-motives. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 27, 1023-1034.
• Chang, E. C., & Sanna, L. J. (2001). Optimism, pessimism, and positive and negative affectivity in middle-aged adults: A test of a cognitive-affective model of psychological adjustment. Psychology and Aging, 16, 524-531.
• Sanna, L. J., Meier, S., & Wegner, E. A. (2001). Counterfactuals and motivation: Mood as input to affective enjoyment and preparation. British Journal of Social Psychology, 40, 235-256.
• Parks, C. D, Sanna, L. J., & Berel, S. R. (2001). Actions of similar others as inducements to cooperate in social dilemmas. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 27, 345-354.
• Chang, E. C., & Sanna, L. J. (2001). Negative attributional style as a moderator of the link between perfectionism and depressive symptoms: Preliminary evidence for an integrative model. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 48, 490-495.
• Sanna, L. J. (2001). Defensive pessimism. In W. E. Craighead & C. B. Nemerhoff (Eds.), The Corsini encyclopedia of psychology and behavioral science (3rd ed., Vol. 1, pp. 430-432). New York: John Wiley & Sons.
• Sanna, L. J. (2000). Mental simulation, affect, and personality: A conceptual framework. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 9, 168-173.
• Sanna, L. J., & Meier, S. (2000). Looking for clouds in a silver lining: Self-esteem, mental simulations, and temporal confidence changes. Journal of Research in Personality, 34, 236-251.
• Sanna, L. J., & Turley-Ames, K. J. (2000). Counterfactual intensity. European Journal of Social Psychology, 30, 273-296.
• Mark, M. M., Reichardt, C. S., & Sanna, L. J. (2000). Time-series designs and analyses. In H. E. A. Tinsley & S. D. Brown (Eds.), Handbook of applied multivariate statistics and mathematical modeling (pp. 353-389). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
• Sanna, L. J., Turley-Ames, K. J., & Meier, S. (1999). Mood, self-esteem, and simulated alternatives: Thought-provoking affective influences on counterfactual direction. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76, 543-558.
• Sanna, L. J. (1999). Mental simulations, affect, and subjective confidence: Timing is everything. Psychological Science, 10, 339-345.
• Sanna, L. J., Meier, S., & Turley-Ames, K. J. (1998). Mood, self-esteem, and counterfactuals: Externally attributed moods limit self-enhancement strategies. Social Cognition, 16, 267-286.
• Sanna, L. J. (1998). Defensive pessimism and optimism: The bitter-sweet influence of mood on performance and prefactual and counterfactual thinking. Cognition and Emotion, 12, 635-665.
• Sanna, L. J., & Parks, C. D. (1997). Group research trends in social and organizational psychology: Whatever happened to intragroup research? Psychological Science, 8, 261-267.
• Sanna, L. J. (1997). Self-efficacy and counterfactual thinking: Up a creek with and without a paddle. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 23, 654-666.
• Sanna, L. J., & Turley, K. J. (1996). Antecedents to spontaneous counterfactual thinking: Effects of expectancy violation and outcome valence. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 22, 906-919.
• Sanna, L. J. (1996). Defensive pessimism, optimism, and simulating alternatives: Some ups and downs of prefactual and counterfactual thinking. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71, 1020-1036.
• Swim, J. K., & Sanna, L. J. (1996). He’s skilled, she’s lucky: A meta-analysis of observers’ attributions for women’s and men’s successes and failures. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 22, 507-519.
• Sanna, L. J., Turley, K. J., & Mark, M. M. (1996). Expected evaluation, goals, and performance: Mood as input. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 22, 323-335.
• Turley, K. J., Sanna, L. J., & Reiter, R. L. (1995). Counterfactual thinking and perceptions of rape. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 17, 285-303.
• Sanna, L. J., & Mark, M. M. (1995). Self-handicapping, expected evaluation, and performance: Accentuating the positive and attenuating the negative. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 64, 84-102.
• Sanna, L. J., & Pusecker, P. A. (1994). Self-efficacy, valence of self-evaluation, and performance. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 20, 82-92.
• Sanna, L. J. (1992). Self-efficacy theory: Implications for social facilitation and social loafing. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 62, 774-786.
• Sanna, L. J., & Swim, J. K. (1992). Temporal perspective and attributions: The role of causal stability and certainty. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 13, 371-387.
• Mark, M. M., Sanna, L. J., & Shotland, R. L. (1992). Time series methods in applied social research. In F. B. Bryant, J. Edwards, R. S. Tindale, E. J. Posavec, L. Heath, E. Henderson, & Y. Suarez-Balcazar (Eds.), Methodological issues in applied social psychology (Vol. 2, pp. 111-133). New York: Plenum Press.
• Sanna, L. J., & Shotland, R. L. (1990). Valence of anticipated evaluation and social facilitation. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 26, 82-92.