I.    Introduction

       A.    Copies for users - § 108(d)

                “The rights of reproduction and distribution under this
                section apply to a copy, made from the collection of a
                library or archives where the user makes his or her
                request or from that of another library or archives, of
                no more than one article or other contribution to a
                copyrighted collection or periodical issue, or to a copy
                or phonorecord of a small part of any other copyrighted
                work, if …”

                                            PHOTOCOPY WARNING

                                  NOTICE:   WARNING CONCERNING
                                        COPYRIGHT RESTRICTIONS

    The copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States
    Code) governs the making of photocopies or other reproductions
    of copyrighted material.

    Under certain conditions specified in the law, libraries and
    archives are authorized to furnish a photocopy or other reproduction.
    One of these specific conditions is that the photocopy or reproduction
    is not to be "used for any purpose other than private study, scholar-
    ship, or research."  If a user makes a request for, or later uses, a
    photocopy or reproduction for purposes in excess of "fair use," that
    user may be liable for copyright infringement.

    This institution reserves the right to refuse to accept a copying order
    if, in its judgment, fulfillment of the order would involve violation of
    copyright law.    37 C.F.R.  § 201.14

                a.        Specific requirements

                b.        Notice for newer methods of requesting copies

    3.        Electronic vs. photocopies

                a.        Restrictions on electronic copies to users

                b.        Must become property of the user

                c.        Library may not retain scanned image

B.    Copies of substantial portions or entire works - § 108(e)

        “ The rights of reproduction and distribution under this
        section apply to the entire work, or to a substantial
        part of it, made from the collection of a library or
        archives where the user makes his or her request or
        from that, of another library or archives, if the library
        or archives has first determined, on the basis of a
        reasonable investigation, that a copy or phonorecord
        of the copyrighted work cannot be obtained at a fair
        price, if …”

          1.    Extra condition -- reasonable investigation.....

        2.    Used book market

C.    Section 108(g) -  The rights of reproduction and distribution
        under this section extend to the isolated and unrelated
        reproduction or distribution of a single copy or phono-
        record of the same material on separate occasions, but do
        not extend  to cases where the library or archives, or its
        employees ...”

1.       "The rights do not extend if the library is aware or
            has substantial reason to believe that it is engaging
            in the related or concerted reproduction or
            distribution of multiple copies or phonorecords of
            the same material, whether made on one occasion
            or over a period of time, and whether intended for
            aggregate use by one or more individuals or for
            separate use by the individual members of a group,
            or

2.         if the library engages in the systematic reproduction
            or distribution of single or multiple copies or phono-
            records of material described in subsection (d)."

            a.    Systematic reproduction of multiple copies

                    1.    Pasha Publications, Inc. v. Enmark Gas
                            Corp., 22 U.S.P.Q.2d 1076 (N.D. Tex.
                            1992)

                    2.    Television Digest, Inc. v. United States
                           Telephone Assoc., 47 P.T.C.J. 32 (D.D.C.
                            1993)

3.   Lowry’s Reports Inc., v. Legg Mason
       Inc., 271 F. Supp.2d 737 (D. Md. 2003)

            b.    Systematic reproduction of single copies

        A.    Interlibrary loan proviso - § 108(g)(2)

               “Provided, That nothing in this clause prevents a library
                or archives from participating in interlibrary arrange-
                ments that do not have, as their purpose or effect, that
                the library or archives receiving such copies or
                phonorecords for distribution does so in such aggregate
                quantities as to substitute for a subscription to or
                purchase of such work.”

                1.    Reproduction only

                2.    Suggestion of five -- Each year, a borrowing library
                        may make five requests from a periodical title going
                        back five years

    In the current year 2006:  5 times from these volume
    years over most recent 60 months

               2005
               2004
               2003
               2002
               2001
                             5

    a.    Exceptions to suggestion of five

   1.    Missing from collection

   2.    On order

   b.    Non-periodicals

3.        Borrowing library responsibilities

              a.    Maintain records for three calendar years

              b.    Certify request conforms to guidelines

              c.    Follow requirements of § 108(d)

4.    Lending library responsibilities = require certification
        of conforming to guidelines

5.    Guidelines take no position on materials older than
        five years

6.    Alternatives after 5th request

        a.    Come back January 1

        b.     Order copy from an authorized document delivery
                 service

        c.     Pay royalties through CCC or directly to publisher

         d.     Enter a subscription to the title

         e.    Blue moon exception

                1.    Branch libraries

                2.    Consortia

IV.    Miscellaneous - Section 108(f)

        A.    Unsupervised reproduction equipment - § 108(f)(1)

                2.    Alternatives for notice

                3.    Types of reproduction equipment

        B.    Section 108(f)(2) -  Nothing “ … excuses a person who uses
                such reproducing equipment or who requests a copy or
                phonorecord under subsection (d) from liability for copyright
                infringement for any such act, or for any later use of such
                copy or phonorecord; if it exceeds fair use as provided by 
                § 107.”

        C.    Section 108(f)(3) - Nothing …. "shall be construed to limit the
                reproduction and distribution by lending of a limited number
                of copies and excerpts by a library or archives of an
                audiovisual news program.

             1.    Contractual obligations = license agreements

             2.    Fair use by libraries

V.    Document delivery